scholarly journals Respiração basal do solo sob três diferentes coberturas vegetais no Paraná

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e101
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Veronezi ◽  
Angela Michelato Ghizelini ◽  
Vânia Rossetto Marcelino ◽  
Kátia Cylene Lombardi ◽  
Kelly Geronazzo Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Soil Basal Respiration ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Cool Dry Season

This study evaluated the soil basal respiration (SBR) of three forest types and seasons and their correlation with pedological attributes in the 0-5 cm land layer. Therefore, we selected two areas of commercial tree species in the central-southern Paraná region: one plot of Pinus taeda and one of Eucalyptus dunnii; and a control, a patch of native forest (Mixed Ombrophyllous Forest). We determined the SBR by the alkaline addition method, incubating the samples for seven days. We collected samples in the cool dry season (winter) and in the hot humid season (summer). Soil attributes were determined by a routine analysis (pH, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, P, Matéria Orgânica, areia grossa e areia fina, silte, argila e V%). We observed significant SBR differences only about summer and winter. SBR correlated significantly with organic matter. These results are similar to most of the literature. There was no difference between the forest types about the SBR, showing that even monoculture forests can present carbon fluxes statistically equal to those of an intermediate successional stage native forest. The specific edaphic fauna adapted to each ecosystem may explain the absence of this difference in relation to SBR.

scholarly journals Litterfall and Accumulated Nutrients in Pinus taeda Plantation and Native Forest in Southern Brazil

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1791
Author(s):  
Matheus Severo de Souza Kulmann ◽  
Grasiele Dick ◽  
Mauro Valdir Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Litterfall Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

The dynamics of the production, chemical composition, and accumulated nutrients in litterfall are essential to understand the availability of nutrients and, consequently, possible gains in productivity in different forest types. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the litterfall and the accumulated nutrients in litterfall in a Pinus taeda plantation and native forest from southern Brazil. Two forest types: (i) an eight-year-old Pinus taeda L. plantation; and (ii) a native forest fragment, located in southern Brazil, were studied for four years. The monthly and annual litterfall production, chemical composition, accumulated nutrients, and nutrient use efficiency of the litterfall were evaluated. The Pinus taeda plantation showed higher values of leaves/needles litterfall and N, P, K, Ca and Mg use efficiency. This demonstrates that Pinus taeda plantations have a high production of needle biomass, which, in turn, has increased cell division, favoring the entry of these nutrients into the soil via decomposition. Our results show that total litterfall production did not significantly influence the accumulated nutrient and nutrient efficiency of litterfall, demonstrating that evaluating litterfall fractionation, such as leaves/needles, twigs and miscellaneous, is essential to understand the quantity and quality of litterfall and, thus, the nutrient cycling, which can contribute to possible silvicultural practices to be implemented, which can provide growth gains in forest types.

scholarly journals Pinus afforestation in South Brazilian highlands: soil chemical attributes and organic matter composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Pinheiro Dick ◽  
Simone Benvenuti Leite ◽  
Ricardo Simão Diniz Dalmolin ◽  
Henrique Cesar Almeida ◽  
Heike Knicker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
The Impact

In the last three decades, exotic tree species are being introduced in the natural pastures of the highlands located at the northeastern part of Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Brazil. This alteration of land use may impart drastic changes in the soil attributes. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of Pinus taeda afforestation on soil chemical attributes and organic matter (SOM) composition in Leptosols from Campos de Cima da Serra, RS. Soil samples under eight year old (Pi8) and 30 year old (Pi30) Pinus plantations and under native pasture (NP) were studied. Contents of exchangeable cations and of micronutrients and soil pH were determined. The SOM composition was investigated by means of elemental analyses and FTIR spectroscopy. The soil under pasture had a higher content of nutrients and of SOM in comparison to Pinus soils, reflecting the higher input and decomposition rate of the below ground added residue in the grassland environment. The SOM in pasture soils showed a higher content of carbohydrate and of structures derived from microbial metabolism. Besides the depletion of nutrients and of SOM, Pinus afforestation affected the SOM quality: following afforestation, the proportion of chemically recalcitrant structures and of carboxylic groups increased, whereas N-containing groups decreased.

scholarly journals Impacts of vinasse and methods of sugarcane harvesting on the availability of K and carbon stock of an Argisol

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudinei Alberto Cardin ◽  
Carlos Henrique dos Santos ◽  
Marcos Antonio Escarmínio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock

ABSTRACT Soils of tropical regions are more weathered and in need of conservation managements to maintain and improve the quality of its components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of K, the organic matter content and the stock of total carbon of an Argisol after vinasse application and manual and mechanized harvesting of burnt and raw sugarcane, in western São Paulo.The data collection was done in the 2012/2013 harvest, in a bioenergy company in Presidente Prudente/SP. The research was arranged out following a split-plot scheme in a 5x5 factorial design, characterized by four management systems: without vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest after burning; without vinasse application and harvest after burning; plus native forest, and five soil sampling depths (0-10 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm), with four replications. In each treatment, the K content in the soil and accumulated in the remaining dry biomass in the area, the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and soil carbon stock were determined. The mean values were compared by Tukey test. The vinasse application associated with the harvest without burning increased the K content in soil layers up to 40 cm deep. The managements without vinasse application and manual harvest after burning, and without vinasse application with mechanical harvesting without burning did not increase the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and stock of total soil organic carbon, while the vinasse application and harvest after burning and without burning increased the levels of these attributes in the depth of 0-10 cm.

scholarly journals Physical properties and particle-size fractions of soil organic matter in crop-livestock integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Tirloni ◽  
Antonio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino ◽  
Anderson Cristian Bergamin ◽  
Luiz Carlos Ferreira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Crop-livestock integration represents an interesting alternative of soil management, especially in regions where the maintenance of cover crops in no-tillage systems is difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical and chemical properties, based on the hypothesis that a well-managed crop-livestock integration system improves the soil quality and stabilizes the system. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, with five replications. The treatments were arranged in a 6 x 4 factorial design, to assess five crop rotation systems in crop-livestock integration, and native forest as reference of soil undisturbed by agriculture, in four layers (0.0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.15 and 0.15-0.20 m). The crop rotation systems in crop-livestock integration promoted changes in soil physical and chemical properties and the effects of the different systems were mainly detected in the surface layer. The crops in integrated crop-livestock systems allowed the maintenance of soil carbon at levels equal to those of the native forest, proving the efficiency of these systems in terms of soil conservation. The systems influenced the environmental stability positively; the soil quality indicator mineral-associated organic matter was best related to aggregate stability.

scholarly journals Co-inoculation effect of Rhizobium and Achillea millefolium L. oil extracts on growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soil microbial-chemical properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veysel Turan ◽  
Peter Schröder ◽  
Serdar Bilen ◽  
Heribert Insam ◽  
Marina Fernández-Delgado Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Soil Basal Respiration ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Essential oils (EO) of several plant species have the potential to combat plant and fungal diseases. However, the effects of Achillea millefolium EO on the development of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), is still unknown. Moreover, its effect on N2-fixing bacteria, and in general on soil properties has not been studied yet. A greenhouse trial was set up to evaluate both the influence that Achillea millefolium EO and the inoculation with three different Rhizobium strains have on the bean plant and on the chemical and microbiological properties of an agriculturally used Cambisol. Non-inoculated pots were used as control. Our findings showed a decrease in bacterial colony forming units due to EO application and an increase following the Rhizobium inoculation compared to the control. The EO application decreased soil basal respiration and activities of dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase. Such effects were stronger with higher oil concentrations. Moreover, the treatments combining Rhizobium inoculation with EO showed a positive effect on nodulation and plant height. Overall, the combined application of Achillea millefolium EO and rhizobia works as an efficient biocide that could be applied in organic agriculture without hampering the activity of nodule-forming N-fixing bacteria and the development of common bean.

scholarly journals Regulation of priming effect by soil organic matter stability over a broad geographic scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leiyi Chen ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Shuqi Qin ◽  
Guibiao Yang ◽  
Kai Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
C Dynamics

Abstract The modification of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition by plant carbon (C) input (priming effect) represents a critical biogeochemical process that controls soil C dynamics. However, the patterns and drivers of the priming effect remain hidden, especially over broad geographic scales under various climate and soil conditions. By combining systematic field and laboratory analyses based on multiple analytical and statistical approaches, we explore the determinants of priming intensity along a 2200 km grassland transect on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that SOM stability characterized by chemical recalcitrance and physico-chemical protection explains more variance in the priming effect than plant, soil and microbial properties. High priming intensity (up to 137% of basal respiration) is associated with complex SOM chemical structures and low mineral-organic associations. The dependence of priming effect on SOM stabilization mechanisms should be considered in Earth System Models to accurately predict soil C dynamics under changing environments.

scholarly journals ORGANIC MATTER LABILE FRACTIONS AND CARBON STOCKS IN A TYPIC QUARTZIPSAMMENT CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE HARVESTED WITHOUT BURNING

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ DE SOUZA OLIVEIRA FILHO ◽  
◽  
MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA ◽  
BOANERGES FREIRE DE AQUINO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Dynamics ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Organic Matter Dynamics ◽  
Straw Burning ◽  
Crop Area

ABSTRACT The permanence of sugarcane straw on the soil surface, in systems without the pre-harvest straw burning practice, directly affects the soil organic matter dynamics. The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in total organic carbon (TOC), carbon in the light organic matter (CLOM) and particulate organic carbon (POC), and their carbon stocks in a typic Quartzipsamment cultivated for nine years with sugarcane crops, which were conducted without the pre-harvest straw burning practice, in Paraipaba, State of Ceará, Brazil. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at depths of 0.0-0.025, 0.025-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m, in the sugarcane crop area and in an adjacent native forest area, in order to quantify the TOC, CLOM and POC, as well as the carbon stocks accumulated in the layer 0.0-0.30 m related to these fractions (TOCSt, CLOMSt and POCSt). TOC content changes after nine years of sugarcane crops, conducted without pre-harvest straw burning, were found only in the layers 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m. The CLOM varied only in the layer 0.025-0.05 m. The POC content changes were more noticeable than the changes in TOC and CMOL. The CLOM of the sugarcane crop area presented high similarity with TOC, which may affect their quantification in studies related to the soil organic matter dynamics. The sugarcane crop increased the TOCSt, POCSt and CLOMSt in the layer 0.0-0.30 m, compared with the adjacent native forest area.

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