scholarly journals GC/MS chemical analysis of lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia) hydrolat: Successive extraction fractions

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Dejan Pljevljakušić ◽  
Zorica Drinić
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Extraction Cycle

Hydrolats are valuable co-products of the essential oil distillation process, whose volatile compounds can be quantified by various methods. In this paper, we have tried to estimate the liquid-liquid extraction cycle number threshold for volatile compounds quantification of lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia) hydrolat. For this purpose, ten consecutive hydrolat extractions with n-hexane were analyzed GC/MS with hexadecane (C16) as an internal standard and compared with the lavandin essential oil. The chemical composition of the lavandin hydrolat showed similarity with its essential oil to the great extent, while volatile compounds dissolved in hydrolat exclusively belonged to the class of oxygenated monoterpenes. The total amount of extracted compounds has been estimated to 2174.2 mg/L, where the most dominant compounds in lavandin hydrolat were cisand trans-furanoid linalool oxide (676.3 and 634.1 mg/L, respectively), followed by much smaller amounts of linalool, camphor, and 1,8-cineole (167.6, 157.0, and 148.2 mg/L, respectively). Cumulative recoveries of total compounds yield after the third, fifth, and eighth extractions were 88 %, 96 %, and 99 %, respectively. Combined fraction analysis confirmed that in the first 5 cycles more than 95 % of the total yield (from 10 cycles) of extracted volatile compounds can be collected. Based on the results of this study, for volatile compounds quantification in lavandin hydrolat, 5 cycles of n-hexane liquid-liquid extraction can be recommended.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Distillation Extraction of Some Volatile Flavor Components from Pu-erh Tea Samples—Comparison with Steam Distillation-Liquid/Liquid Extraction and Soxhlet Extraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xungang Gu ◽  
Zhengzhu Zhang ◽  
Xiaochun Wan ◽  
Jingming Ning ◽  
Chengcheng Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Flavor Components ◽  
Volatile Flavor ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Simultaneous Distillation Extraction

A simutaneous distillation extraction (SDE) combined GC method was constructed for determination of volatile flavor components in Pu-erh tea samples. Dichloromethane and ethyl decylate was employed as organic phase in SDE and internal standard in determination, respectively. Weakly polar DB-5 column was used to separate the volatile flavor components in GC, 10 of the components were quantitatively analyzed, and further confirmed by GC-MS. The recovery covered from 66.4%–109%, and repeatability expressed as RSD was in range of 1.44%–12.6%. SDE was most suitable for the extraction of the anlytes by comparing with steam distillation-liquid/liquid extraction and Soxhlet extraction. Commercially available Pu-erh tea samples, including Pu-erh raw tea and ripe tea, were analyzed by the constructed method. the high-volatile components, such as benzyl alcohol, linalool oxide, and linalool, were greatly rich in Pu-erh raw teas, while the contents of 1,2,3-Trimethoxylbenzene and 1,2,4-Trimethoxylbenzene were much high in Pu-erh ripe teas.

Fractionation of citrus essential oil by liquid–liquid extraction using a perforated rotating disc contactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gonçalves ◽  
Martin Emil Erismann Teschke ◽  
Cristina Chiyoda Koshima ◽  
Christianne Elisabete da Costa Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Rotating Disc Contactor

DETERMINATION OF URANIUM IN FLOTATION CONCENTRATES AND IN LEACH LIQUORS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Smithson ◽  
R. L. Eager ◽  
A. B. VanCleave
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Northern Saskatchewan ◽  
Plant Operations ◽  
Time Required

X-Ray fluorescence has been applied to the analysis of flotation concentrates obtained from pegmatitic uranium ores occurring in Northern Saskatchewan. Approximate uranium analyses can be obtained by direct measurement on flotation concentrates but more accurate results are obtained by using an internal standard such as strontium or yttrium. The time required for an analysis, as compared to that of conventional chemical or fluorimetric methods, is considerably reduced and flotation pilot plant operations can therefore be more effectively controlled. The method has been extended to include the analysis of sulphate leach liquors obtained from the leaching of pegmatitic ores and their flotation concentrates. Organic phases obtained in liquid – liquid extraction studies can also be rapidly analyzed for uranium by X-ray fluorescence.

Deterpenation of Bergamot Essential Oil Using Liquid−Liquid Extraction: Equilibrium Data of Model Systems at 298.2 K

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2362-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Chiyoda ◽  
Maria C. Capellini ◽  
Ivana M. Geremias ◽  
Fernanda H. Carvalho ◽  
Keila K. Aracava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Equilibrium Data

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ALVIMOPAN IN RAT PLASMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Devi Ramesh ◽  
Mohammad Habibuddin
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Validation Parameters

Objective: The present investigation demonstrates a simple, sensitive and accurate high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of alvimopan (AMP) in rat plasma.Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved within 10 min by using acetonitrile: potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.0 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid (50:50) as mobile phase on Altima Grace Smart C-18 column (5μ; 250 × 4.6 mm) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with injection volume 50 µl. The drug was extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using a mixture of methanol: acetonitrile (50:50) as a solvent. The retention times of drug and internal standard were found to be 5.17 and 6.74 min, respectively. This method was validated as per the United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) guidelines.Results: The results of the validation parameters were found to be within the acceptance limits. The method was linear in the concentration range from 5-1000 ng/ml (r2= 0.9998), and the extraction recovery was found to be 78.71±3.86% for AMP. The lower limit of quantification was found to be 5ng/ml, and the stability of recovered samples at different conditions was found to be more than 95%.Conclusion: The developed method possess good selectivity, specificity, there was no interference found in the plasma blanks at retention times of AMP and Internal Standard (IS). We found a good correlation between the peak area and concentration of the drug under prescribed conditions. Furthermore, the method can also be used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of AMP.Keywords: Alvimopan, Liquid-liquid extraction, Method development, Matrix effect, Plasma, Recovery, Stability, Validation

A novel liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of naphthalene by GC-MS with deuterated anthracene as internal standard

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezin Erarpat ◽  
Gözde Özzeybek ◽  
Dotse Selali Chormey ◽  
Fatih Erulaş ◽  
Fatma Turak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction

DEVELOPMENT OF LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION PROCEDURE AND ITS APPLICATION FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ERLOTINIB IN SPIKED HUMAN PLASMA USING RP-HPLC WITH UV DETECTION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (06) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
A Faizee ◽  
◽  
S. S Sonawane ◽  
A. S. Patil ◽  
S. J Kshirsagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Spiked Human Plasma ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Rp Hplc

A simple, rapid and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantification of Erlotinib in spiked human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction. Sufficient recovery was obtained when drug and internal standard (Nabumetone) were extracted using ethyl acetate and 1N NaOH. Chromatographic separation was performed on C18 Phenomenex Hyperclone column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using mobile phase acetonitrile: 20 mM ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.6 (60:40%,V/V). Flow rate was kept constant at 1 mL/min and detection was carried out at 331 nm. Calibration curve was found to be linear in the range of 100-3200 ng/mL. During the calibration experiments, it was found that heteroscedasticity can be minimized using weighted regression calibration model with weighing factor of 1/x2.

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