scholarly journals Etičke dileme u medicinskom tretmanu novorođenčadi sa teškim kongenitalnim malformacijama - zaostavština bebe Doe

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Dejan Živanović ◽  
Jovan Javorac ◽  
Branislav Filipović ◽  
Aleksandra Doronjski ◽  
Ana Milenković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Baby Doe ◽  
Life Threatening

Regardless of the differences in the neonatological practice of different countries in the world, ethical decisions of medical professionals in this field of clinical medicine should be based solely on a comprehensive The approach to the treatment of newborns with life-threatening body malformations has historically been the subject of numerous ethical dilemmas among the medical professionals and the general public. "The case of baby Doe" is certainly the most notable example in the recent medical history of the previously mentioned ethical dilemmas and was the first to result in an official juridical epilogue in a form of a series of legal provisions regarding the medical treatment of severely damaged newborns and objective assessment of the health of the newborn, consideration of indications for potential treatment or palliative care, and always guided by the best interests of the newborn. Eythanasia in any form is an unnecessary solution, dangerous for society in general and medical practice, and instead of its legalization in neonatology, the development of palliative care, as a humanistic approach in the health care of the most challenging patients, should be emphasised.

Ethics in Palliative Care

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Macauley
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
The Right

No specialty faces more diverse and challenging ethical dilemmas than palliative medicine. What is the best way to plan ahead for the end of life? How should physicians respond when patients refuse treatments likely to be beneficial or demand treatments not likely to be? Who makes medical decisions for patients who are too ill to decide for themselves? Do patients have the “right to die” (and, if so, what exactly does that mean)? Other ethics texts have explored these issues but often from an academic perspective that overlooks the practical realities of clinical medicine. Conversely, medical textbooks frequently lack sufficient philosophical depth to fully explore the complexities of these issues. This complete guide to the ethics of palliative care combines clinical experience with philosophical rigor to provide a comprehensive analysis of this fascinating field. Using relevant case studies, core subjects such as intensive symptom management at the end of life, physician-assisted dying, and palliative sedation are examined from historical, legal, clinical, and ethical perspectives. Whereas pediatric issues are often an afterthought in palliative care textbooks, this guide explores the unique nature of ethical dilemmas in the prenatal, neonatal, and adolescent age groups. Other important topics such as neuro-palliative care, organ donation, research, and moral distress are also covered in detail. Written with clinical nuance for medical professionals—and clear language as well as a glossary for lay readers—this guide offers all readers an opportunity to explore and understand the fascinating ethical issues facing patients suffering from life-threatening illness.

Palliative care in Japan

2015 ◽  
pp. 1130-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Takenouchi ◽  
Keiko Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
High Quality ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Care At Home

In Japan, the palliative care approach to patients and families differs from the approach provided by other departments, especially the consideration of patients‘ families and cultural backgrounds, which plays a significant role in planning their care. Even if palliative care at home becomes well developed, there will always be patients who will choose to spend the last days of their lives in the general hospitals. It is therefore essential to offer chances for any medical professionals who provide care to patients and families facing life-threatening illness to be educated so that they can offer high quality palliative care for those in need.

Ethical Dilemmas in Utah’s Division of Services for People with Disabilities

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Kade R. Minchey
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Ethical Consideration ◽  
Ethical Decisions

The article describes daily ethical decisions required of social workers. It presents two cases that called for ethical consideration.

Of Love and Laetrile: Medical Decision Making in a Child's Best Interests

1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-294
Author(s):  
Eve T. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening

AbstractTwo recent cases have raised important questions concerning the appropriateness of state intervention in parental choices of unorthodox medical treatment for children with life-threatening conditions. This Note first discusses whether, and if so, when, state intervention in a child's treatment selection by its parents is appropriate, and then analyzes the tests a court should apply in deciding upon an appropriate treatment. The Note recommends a decision-making approach that requires the appropriate state agency to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that the parents' choice of medical treatment either is directly or is indirectly harming their child. Under this approach, if the state meets its burden of proof the court then must apply the ‘best interests’ test, rather than the ‘substituted judgment’ test, to choose an appropriate medical treatment for the child.

scholarly journals Physicians’ decreased tendency to choose palliative care for patients with advanced dementia between 1999 and 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saila Haapasalmi ◽  
Reetta P. Piili ◽  
Riina Metsänoja ◽  
Pirkko-Liisa I. Kellokumpu-Lehtinen ◽  
Juho T. Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Advanced Dementia ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
Physician Decision Making ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Physicians’ decision-making for seriously ill patients with advanced dementia is of high importance, especially as the prevalence of dementia is rising rapidly, and includes many challenging ethical, medical and juridical aspects. We assessed the change in this decision-making over 16 years (from 1999 to 2015) and several background factors influencing physicians’ decision. Methods A postal survey including a hypothetical patient-scenario representing a patient with an advanced dementia and a life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding was sent to 1182 and 1258 Finnish physicians in 1999 and 2015, respectively. The target groups were general practitioners (GPs), surgeons, internists and oncologists. The respondents were asked to choose between several life-prolonging and palliative care approaches. The influence of physicians’ background factors and attitudes on their decision were assessed. Results The response rate was 56%. A palliative care approach was chosen by 57 and 50% of the physicians in 1999 and 2015, respectively (p = 0.01). This change was statistically significant among GPs (50 vs 40%, p = 0.018) and oncologists (77 vs 56%, p = 0.011). GPs chose a palliative care approach less often than other responders in both years (50 vs. 63% in 1999 and 40 vs. 56% in 2015, p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, responding in 2015 and being a GP remained explanatory factors for a lower tendency to choose palliative care. The impact of family’s benefit on the decision-making decreased, whereas the influence of the patient’s benefit and ethical values as well as the patient’s or physician’s legal protection increased from 1999 to 2015. Conclusions Physicians chose a palliative care approach for a patient with advanced dementia and life-threatening bleeding less often in 2015 than in 1999. Specialty, attitudes and other background factors influenced significantly physician decision-making. Education on the identification and palliative care of the patients with late-stage dementia are needed to make these decisions more consistent.

Ethics and accounting education: does teaching stand-alone religious courses affect accounting students’ ethical decisions?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim El-Sayed Ebaid
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
T Test ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Credit Hours ◽  
Ethical Decisions

Purpose Undergraduate accounting program at Umm Al-Qura University in Saudi Arabia is a unique case. The program includes 147 credit hours of which 28 credit hours are religious courses. This study aims to examine the effect of teaching these religious courses on students’ ethical perceptions and decisions. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted for a sample of accounting students at Umm Al-Qura University. The sample was divided into two groups; the first group includes students who did not study religious courses, while the second group includes students who study religious courses. The questionnaire contained three groups of questions that aimed to explore students’ perceptions of ethics in general, students’ perceptions of business ethics and explored their ethical attitudes regarding some accounting decisions that involve ethical dilemmas. Independent two-sample t-test and multiple regression analysis were used to determine whether the responses of the two groups were significantly different. Findings The findings of the study revealed that teaching religious courses led to an improvement in students’ perception of business ethics and an improvement in students’ ethical decision-making. However, the results of the independent sample t-test showed that this improvement was not significant. The results of the study also revealed that male students tend to make less ethical decisions than female students. Research limitations/implications The findings offer an indication for those responsible for managing the accounting program at Umm Al-Qura University to start developing the program so that some of the general religious courses are replaced with specialized courses in accounting ethics that focus directly on ethical dilemmas faced by the accountant when practicing the accounting profession. Originality/value This study contributes to the current literature related to examining the effect of teaching ethics courses on the ethical perception of accounting students by focusing on accounting students in Saudi Arabia as a context that has not been examined before.

Ethical Issues in the Care of Newborn Infants

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
William B. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
The Political ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Baby Doe ◽  
Derivatives Of

Some of the difficulties of obtaining surrogate decisions that are in the children's best interests, the extension of this problem to the newborn period, and the political and social derivatives of these difficulties have been reviewed. The 1984 child abuse and neglect amendments have been summarized and their impact on the care of newborns has been discussed. The outcomes of this entire process have been described and the potential extension of these issues to the prenatal period has been mentioned. Although not everything that has transpired or will transpire as the result of the Baby Doe issue is salutary, it seems likely that the care of newborn infants has changed and will continue to change, and these changes will ultimately impact on medical care for everyone.

Student-Authored Ethics Vignettes: Giving Voice to Values All Semester

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-345
Author(s):  
Laurie L. Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Giving Voice To Values ◽  
Ethics Course ◽  
Or Team

Critics of ethics education suggest that students need to learn about contextual pressures of workplace ethical decisions and develop skills to handle them. Thus, instructors are often challenged to integrate an ethics unit into organizational behavior courses in ways that complement, rather than duplicate, what may have been covered in their degree program’s stand-alone ethics course. This article outlines a multistage class exercise that incorporates student-authored cases. As homework, students write about a firsthand work or team ethical decision. The instructor selects several for subsequent class discussions and activities that foster skill development around contextual analysis and anticipatory strategies adapted from the Giving Voice to Values methodology. Students report peers’ ethics vignettes to be interesting and relevant, and a multiperspective exploration and strategizing of these situations prepares them to face future ethical dilemmas in the workplace.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document