scholarly journals The status of prolonged grief disorder in the international classification of diseases (ICD-11)

TIMS Acta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Radomir Belopavlović ◽  
Zdenka Novović
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Grief due to loss of a significant other is a universal experience. However, within a small, but a significant group of individuals, this process can last longer than the culturally expected period, and it can be associated with the intense distress, dysfunction, and higher rates of mortality and morbidity. Grief has been observed in the scientific literature as an adaptive reaction to loss, but also as a factor associated with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Previous versions of diagnostic systems, namely DSM-IV and ICD-10, have allocated the phenomenon of prolonged grief as a condition that requires further research, or the condition that requires care. There is a recommendation not to give a diagnosis of a depressive episode because of the normative nature of the reaction to loss. In the new iterations of classification manuals, the ICD-11, this condition is classified as the Prolonged grief disorder. The rationale for change is found in the studies which suggest that this disorder is phenomenologically different from similar states. It aggregates different risk factors and consequences, as well as different treatment solutions. This paper will focus on the criteria of the disorder in the ICD-11 space, researches which mention diagnosis validity, implications, and a broader frame for conceptual and clinical utility of this disorder.

scholarly journals Clinical implications of the proposed ICD-11 PTSD diagnostic criteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Barbano ◽  
Willem F. van der Mei ◽  
Richard A. Bryant ◽  
Douglas L. Delahanty ◽  
Terri A. deRoon-Cassini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Moderate Range

AbstractBackgroundProjected changes to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria in the upcoming International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 may affect the prevalence and severity of identified cases. This study examined differences in rates, severity, and overlap of diagnoses using ICD-10 and ICD-11 PTSD diagnostic criteria during consecutive assessments of recent survivors of traumatic events.MethodsThe study sample comprised 3863 survivors of traumatic events, evaluated in 11 longitudinal studies of PTSD. ICD-10 and ICD-11 diagnostic rules were applied to the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) to derive ICD-10 and ICD-11 diagnoses at different time intervals between trauma occurrence and 15 months.ResultsThe ICD-11 criteria identified fewer cases than the ICD-10 across assessment intervals (range −47.09% to −57.14%). Over 97% of ICD-11 PTSD cases met concurrent ICD-10 PTSD criteria. PTSD symptom severity of individuals identified by the ICD-11 criteria (CAPS total scores) was 31.38–36.49% higher than those identified by ICD-10 criteria alone. The latter, however, had CAPS scores indicative of moderate PTSD. ICD-11 was associated with similar or higher rates of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders. Individuals identified by either ICD-10 or ICD-11 shortly after traumatic events had similar longitudinal course.ConclusionsThis study indicates that significantly fewer individuals would be diagnosed with PTSD using the proposed ICD-11 criteria. Though ICD-11 criteria identify more severe cases, those meeting ICD-10 but not ICD-11 criteria remain in the moderate range of PTSD symptoms. Use of ICD-11 criteria will have critical implications for case identification in clinical practice, national reporting, and research.

scholarly journals Classification of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: building castles in the sand?

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Scott
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Difference

A classification system can benefit disturbed children enormously by bringing to bear a wealth of knowledge and experience. This can make all the difference between an inadequate consultation and a precise formulation of the nature and extent of a child's difficulties, their cause, the likely outcome and a realistic treatment plan. However, inappropriate application of a diagnostic label that has little validity could do more harm than good, and classification systems can be misused. This paper discusses, with examples, issues particular to childhood and adolescence that diagnostic systems need to address if they are to be useful. It considers different solutions applied by the two most widely used schemes, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–10; World Heath Organization, 1992) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Finally, the types of criteria used to validate categories are discussed.

scholarly journals Depressive, anxious and somatization symptoms and quality of life in stress-related disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 927-931
Author(s):  
Olga Colovic ◽  
Dusica Lecic-Tosevski ◽  
Vanja Mandic-Maravic ◽  
Oliver Toskovic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Background/Aim. Recent studies have shown a significant relation of the post-traumatic stress disorder and impairment of quality of life. The research on the relations of other stress-related disorders and quality of life is scarce. The aim of this re-search was to determine which symptoms within the stress-related disorders (depressive, anxious and somatization) have the strongest effect on the quality of life decrease. Methods. The study group comprised 80 subjects who have developed a certain stress-related disorder. The diagnosis was made based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) criteria. Manchester Short Assessment Quality of Life Scale (MANSA) and Symptom Check List-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) were administered. Results. The presence of all three types of symptoms (depressive, anxious or somatization) was in negative correlation with the quality of life, contributing to the variation of quality of life with 40%. Depressive symptoms had the greatest impact on the quality of life impairment. Conclusion. When it comes to stress-related disorders, the quality of life is mostly impaired by depressive symptoms. Target therapeutic interventions aimed at depressive symptoms might have a significant effect on the quality of life improvement in the person who developed stress-related disorders.

scholarly journals PTSD or not PTSD? Comparing the proposed ICD-11 and the DSM-5 PTSD criteria among young survivors of the 2011 Norway attacks and their parents

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1283-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Hafstad ◽  
S. Thoresen ◽  
T. Wentzel-Larsen ◽  
A. Maercker ◽  
G. Dyb
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Reaction Index ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Young Survivors

BackgroundThe conceptualization of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the upcoming International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 differs in many respects from the diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). The consequences of these differences for individuals and for estimation of prevalence rates are largely unknown. This study investigated the concordance of the two diagnostic systems in two separate samples at two separate waves.MethodYoung survivors of the 2011 Norway attacks (n = 325) and their parents (n = 451) were interviewed at 4–6 months (wave 1) and 15–18 months (wave 2) after the shooting. PTSD was assessed with the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-IV adapted for DSM-5, and a subset was used as diagnostic criteria for ICD-11.ResultsIn survivors, PTSD prevalence did not differ significantly at any time point, but in parents, the DSM-5 algorithm produced significantly higher prevalence rates than the ICD-11 criteria. The overlap was fair for survivors, but amongst parents a large proportion of individuals met the criteria for only one of the diagnostic systems. No systematic differences were found between ICD-11 and DSM-5 in predictive validity.ConclusionsThe proposed ICD-11 criteria and the DSM-5 criteria performed equally well when identifying individuals in distress. Nevertheless, the overlap between those meeting the PTSD diagnosis for both ICD-11 and DSM-5 was disturbingly low, with the ICD-11 criteria identifying fewer people than the DSM-5. This represents a major challenge in identifying individuals suffering from PTSD worldwide, possibly resulting in overtreatment or unmet needs for trauma-specific treatment, depending on the area of the world in which patients are being diagnosed.

scholarly journals Examination of the new ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder guidelines across five international samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Killikelly ◽  
Mariia Merzhvynska ◽  
Ningning Zhou ◽  
Eva-Maria Stelzer ◽  
Philip Hyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Data Points

Background Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a new disorder included in the 11th edition of the International classification of diseases (ICD-11). An important remit of the new ICD-11 is the global applicability of the mental health disorder guidelines or definitions. Although previous definitions and descriptions of disordered grief have been assessed worldwide, this new definition has not yet been systematically validated. Method Here we assess the validity and applicability of core items of the ICD-11 PGD across five international samples of bereaved persons from Switzerland (N = 214), China (N = 325); Israel (N = 544), Portugal (N = 218) and Ireland (N = 830). Results The results confirm that variation in the diagnostic algorithm for PGD can greatly impact the rates of disorder within and between international samples. Different predictors of PGD severity may be related to sample differences. Finally, a threshold for diagnosis of clinically relevant PGD symptoms using a new scale, the International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS), in three samples was confirmed. Conclusions Although this study was limited by lack of questionnaire data points across all five samples, the findings for the diagnostic threshold and algorithm iterations have implications for clinical use of the new ICD-11 PGD criteria worldwide.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA OR OTHER PRIMARY PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS: CHANGES FROM ICD-10 TO ICD-11 AND IMPLEMENTATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Gaebel ◽  
Ariane Kerst ◽  
Johannes Stricker
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

From January 2022, the WHO member countries shall start implementing the mortality and morbidity statistics (MMS) version of the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Regarding mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders, there are substantial changes from ICD-10 to ICD-11. The subchapter for schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders has changed due to a revised structure, new diagnostic criteria, and the introduction of dimensional elements (i.e., course and symptom qualifiers). The aim of this manuscript is twofold. First, we review changes from ICD-10 to ICD- 11 in the classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders, including findings from recent field studies. Second, we provide an overview of approaches to the implementation of ICD-11 in clinical practice. Critical elements for transition from ICD-10 to ICD 11 include the use of digital tools, education and training, stakeholder involvement, national adaptations, and continuous evaluation.

History and Status of Prolonged Grief Disorder as a Psychiatric Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly G. Prigerson ◽  
Sophia Kakarala ◽  
James Gang ◽  
Paul K. Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Emotional Detachment ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is a diagnostic entity now included in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) and soon to appear in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR). A characteristic feature of PGD is distressing, disabling yearning that persists a year or more after the loss. Other characteristic symptoms include disbelief and lack of acceptance of the loss, emotional detachment from others since the loss, loneliness, identity disturbance, and sense of meaninglessness. In this review, we detail psychiatric views on grief and their evolution over the twentieth century. We then discuss the development of diagnostic formulations for disordered grief, which culminated in PGD's status as a mental disorder in the DSM. After summarizing recent evidence that may suggest that PGD is linked to the neural reward system, we suggest further areas of research. In particular, we note the need for studies that extend the evidence base concerning PGD across cultural and sociodemographic boundaries and that investigate novel treatments. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 17 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals ICD-11: an international classification of diseases for the twenty-first century

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Harrison ◽  
Stefanie Weber ◽  
Robert Jakob ◽  
Christopher G. Chute
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Ontology ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Abstract Background The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) has long been the main basis for comparability of statistics on causes of mortality and morbidity between places and over time. This paper provides an overview of the recently completed 11th revision of the ICD, focusing on the main innovations and their implications. Main text Changes in content reflect knowledge and perspectives on diseases and their causes that have emerged since ICD-10 was developed about 30 years ago. Changes in design and structure reflect the arrival of the networked digital era, for which ICD-11 has been prepared. ICD-11’s information framework comprises a semantic knowledge base (the Foundation), a biomedical ontology linked to the Foundation and classifications derived from the Foundation. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11-MMS) is the primary derived classification and the main successor to ICD-10. Innovations enabled by the new architecture include an online coding tool (replacing the index and providing additional functions), an application program interface to enable remote access to ICD-11 content and services, enhanced capability to capture and combine clinically relevant characteristics of cases and integrated support for multiple languages. Conclusions ICD-11 was adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2019. Transition to implementation is in progress. ICD-11 can be accessed at icd.who.int.

scholarly journals Mental Imagery in Patients with Prolonged Grief Disorder: a Comparison with Matched Bereaved Healthy Controls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavia Harrison ◽  
Claudio Wiedenmann ◽  
Rita Rosner ◽  
Regina Steil
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Prolonged Grief Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractMental imagery is a transdiagnostic feature that has been increasingly researched in mental disorders in the past years. This study is the first to investigate mental imagery in individuals suffering from Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), a new disorder which will be included into the new edition of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11).Our objective was to find out to what extent patients suffering from PGD differ from healthy, but equally bereaved, controls in terms of mental imagery, and how mental imagery is related to psychopathology. Patients with PGD and matched bereaved healthy controls (n = 54) completed a mental imagery questionnaire specifically designed for the study, and other established measures of psychopathology. Patients suffering from PGD reported mental images more frequently, had less control over them, and described negative images as more vivid than did healthy controls. Also, in reaction to mental images, patients less frequently experienced joy, but more often grief, anger and guilt. Besides these group differences, significant correlations between mental imagery other psychopathological measures could be found. Mental imagery is clearly related to PGD. The underlying mechanisms on whether it is a developing or maintaining factor need to be addressed in future studies. Future research should also investigate in what way mental imagery might be used in therapeutic approaches.

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