scholarly journals Perspectives for cultivation of diversified crops in a rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based crop rotation in the Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Laura Tokhetova ◽  
Bibigul Baizhanova ◽  
Ainur Baykenzhieva ◽  
Bekzat Kultasov ◽  
Tihomir Predić
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Glycine Max L

In the Aral Sea basin of Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a main crop and annually occupies more than 45% of the total area of agricultural crops. However, about 90% of Syr Daria River waters is consumed for agricultural purposes, mainly for irrigation of paddy fields. In addition, there is an annual variability in the volume of water during the growing season, which creates certain threats to ensuring guaranteed water supply to irrigated lands and may pose a desertification risks. In addition, in the studied region, due to insufficient application of phosphorus fertilizers nutrient imbalance has been observed in the soil. The aim of the research was to develop sustainable production of rice by introduction of diversified cultures such as barley, soybean and rapeseed: Hordeum vulgare (L.), Glycine max (L.) and Brassica napus (L.), respectively, in a rice-based crop rotation and application of the different doses of mineral fertilizers in the Kyzylorda region. The results of the study showed that application of phosphorus as the main fertilizer at a dose of 90 kg ha-1 gives a significant increase in yield. Studied barley and rapeseed crops showed better adaptability to the specific agroecological conditions. These crops are recommended to be introduced into the rice crop rotations in order to produce rice using environmentally friendly technology.

scholarly journals Biochemical markers in crop and forest species: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e05101724172
Author(s):  
Sara Lorena de Pádua Souza ◽  
Valdinete Vieira Nunes ◽  
Izabel de Jesus Cândido ◽  
Valéria Mota de Brito ◽  
Lucas Alexandre dos Santos Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Proteins and enzymes are informative biochemical markers frequently used in plant studies. The objective of this work was to present the studies with enzymes and proteins used as biochemical markers in crops and forest species—the articles prospected in the Scopus and Web of Science scientific databases in December 2020. The keywords were a combination of "agricultural" or "forest" with the Boolean operator and the enzymes' name: alcohol dehydrogenase/ADH, malate dehydrogenase/MDH, alpha-amylase/AMS, peroxiredoxin/PERX, and LEA proteins. Eighty-two articles addressed enzymes in agricultural or forest species were included in the analysis. The articles were published from 1976 to 2020, with an average annual publication of 12.2. Three hundred thirty-seven authors developed the annual percentage growth rate of 2.52% and articles. The most studied crops are Oryza sativa L., Glycine max L., Zea mays L., Hordeum vulgare L., specimens of the genera Triticum and Brassica. The forest species were Pinus, Picea, Nothofagus, Quercus, and Sorbus, and Fagus sylvatica L. The main tissues used for extraction are leaves, seeds, buds, and roots. The studies mainly deal with enzymes or proteins as markers associated with abiotic stresses and the structure or genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Caracterização química de extratos hidrossolúveis desidratados de arroz e soja

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONE MIRANDA FERNANDES ◽  
SIN-HUEI WANG ◽  
LAIR CHAVES CABRAL ◽  
JOÃO TOMAZ DA SILVA BORGES
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Recommended Dietary Allowances ◽  
Glycine Max L

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar quimicamente os extratos hidrossolúveis desidratados de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) e de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Os processos utilizados para a obtenção dos extratos hidrossolúveis foram: maceração do arroz e da soja, desintegração, centrifugação, adição de ácido cítrico, fervura e secagem por atomização. A caracterização química foi realizada através das seguintes determinações: composição centesimal aproximada, composição de minerais e atividade do inibidor de tripsina. Com o aumento das proporções de soja (0 a 50%), os extratos hidrossolúveis desidratados tiveram aumento nos teores de proteína, extrato etéreo, cinzas e fibra crua, porém diminuição no teor de carboidratos. Os teores de P, K, Mg, Cu e Co foram altos em alguns extratos hidrossolúveis desidratados estudados, os quais foram semelhantes à indicação diária na "Recommended Dietary Allowances", enquanto os demais minerais se mostraram em pequenas quantidades ou apenas traços. Não foi detectada atividade do inibidor de tripsina.

scholarly journals The convergent evolution of aluminium resistance in plants exploits a convenient currency

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Ryan ◽  
Emmanuel Delhaize
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Aluminium Resistance

Suspicions that soluble aluminium (Al) is detrimental to plant growth were reported more than 100 years ago. The rhizotoxicity of Al3+ is now accepted as the major limitation to plant production on acidic soils. Plants differ in their susceptibility to Al3+ toxicity and significant variation can occur within species, even in some major crops. The physiology of Al3+ resistance in some species has been understood for 15 years but the molecular biology has been elucidated only recently. The first gene controlling Al3+ resistance was cloned from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2004 but others have now been identified in Arabidopsis, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) with strong additional candidates in wheat and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). These genes confer resistance in different ways, but one mechanism occurs in nearly all species examined so far. This mechanism relies on the release of organic anions from roots which bind with the harmful Al3+ cations in the apoplast and detoxify them. The genes controlling this response come from at least two distinct families, suggesting that convergent evolution has occurred. We discuss the processes driving this convergence of protein function and offer opinions for why organic anions are central to the mechanisms of resistance in disparate species. We propose that mutations which modify protein expression or their activation by Al3+ have played important roles in co-opting different transport proteins from other functions.

scholarly journals Nutritional optimization of milk mixtures based on rice flour (Oryza sativa L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.): Bromatological-sensory determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (32) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Nelly L. Pulgar-Oleas ◽  
Jesús R Meléndez ◽  
Jesús R Meléndez ◽  
Jorge R. Velásquez-Rivera ◽  
Jorge R. Velásquez-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Glycine Max L

Hoy en día, la necesidad de consumir mezcla láctea con nutritivos saludables se ha incrementado por la falta de expendio de bebidas completas desde el punto de vista nutricional. La mezcla láctea elaborada con leche, harina de arroz, soya y miel representa un alimento nutritivo para el consumo humano por su alta tasa de proteínas de alto valor biológico, contenido de vitaminas y minerales; todos esenciales para el buen funcionamiento del organismo. En este sentido la agroindustria ha realizado avances tecnológicos para lograr formulaciones que aporten los nutrientes necesarios en las dietas diarias y así contribuir con la salud de los individuos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el contenido nutricional óptimo de la mezcla láctea a base de harina de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) y soya (Glycine max L.) a partir de la determinación bromatológica-sensorial. La investigación se realizó en las instalaciones de la planta de lácteos de la carrera de Ingeniería Agroindustrial de la Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Ecuador. Los materiales y métodos empleados se caracterizaron por la aplicación de la norma técnica para la realización de análisis fisicoquímicos a las materias primas y a la bebida láctea de mayor aceptación, considerando la Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana NTE 2564. Se empleó el soware estadístico Design-Expert, versión 11. Se diseñaron 16 formulaciones que contenían harinas de arroz y soya, miel, leche; estas fueron evaluadas sensorialmente con una encuesta de escala hedónica de nueve puntos por un panel sensorial entrenado. El resultado del estudio mostro que la mejor formulación determinada correspondió a: harina de arroz 2 %, harina de soya 3,75 %, miel de abeja 5,25 % y leche 89 %. Se concluyó que la formulación elaborada cumple con los parámetros nutricionales establecidos en la norma NTE INEN 2564.

Green manuring shifted the effects of crop rotation on soil EEAs activities in the Loess Plateau of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haining Tao ◽  
Jianqiang Deng ◽  
Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Green Manuring

<p>Green manuring and crop rotation are important management practices with the potential to reduce the dependence on mineral fertilizers and to maintain soil health. Soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) serve as a proxy for estimating the availability and cycling of soil nutrients and thus widely used as biological indicators of soil health. However, the effects of green manure application under different crop rotations on soil EEAs remain unclear. Here, a 5-year field experiment (2015-2020) was conducted and two crop rotations were established in the Loess Plateau of China. Specifically, forage rape (<em>Brassica napus L.</em>) (R) or common vetch (<em>Vicia sativa L.</em>) (V) was cultivated during the fallow period (F) of monoculture system, winter wheat (<em>Triticum astivum L</em>.) (W). Aboveground biomass of R and V were harvest in September 2020 and 50% of the biomass was chopped and returned to the soil surface. Soil EEAs activities [β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), β-xylosidase (Xylo) (XYL), and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG)] at 0-5 cm were determined in September and October. Observed EEAs activities were strongly affected by the pattern of crop rotation and sampling time, with greater EEAs activities in W-V-W-V than in W-R-W-R in September. Whereas, EEAs activities was higher in W-R-W-R than in W-V-W-V in October, expert for BG that had no difference between two crop rotations. Overall, our study demonstrated that green manuring shifted the effects of crop rotation on soil EEAs activities in the topsoil in the Loess Plateau of China.</p><p>Keywords: Annual forage, Residue retention, Soil health, The Loess Plateau</p>

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