scholarly journals El camino a Carlos II. Haro, Felipe IV y la restauración del gobierno personal en España = The Road to Carlos II. Haro, Felipe IV and the Restoration of Personal Government in Spain

2020 ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Rafael Valladares
Keyword(s):  
Louis Xiv ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Charles Ii ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Personal Rule

La relación entre España y Francia a partir de 1661 revistió un interés particular a causa de la confluencia de dos fenómenos: el fin de la hegemonía hispánica y la extinción del valimiento en ambas coronas. Esto último dio paso al restablecimiento del gobierno personal, primero en Francia, en marzo de aquel año, y luego en España, en noviembre. En el caso español, menos conocido que el francés, Felipe IV llevó a cabo esta restauración no solo, ni principalmente, por la necesidad de emular a su sobrino Luis XIV, sino, recurriendo a la tradición de su propia historia y dinastía, con el objetivo de incluir este modo de gobierno en el legado del futuro Carlos II, consciente de que la persistencia del valimiento en España con un rey niño haría inviable la Monarquía.AbstractThe relationship between Spain and France from 1661 has a particular interest owing to the coincidence of two political phenomena: the end of the Hispanic hegemony and the abolition of the favouritism in both countries –and consequently the restauration of the personal rule, first in France, in March 1661, and then in Spain, in November. The Spanish case is less known but is very interesting. Philip IV decided to restore the absolute government not only to emulate his nephew Louis XIV, but above all to guide the future rule of his son, Crown Prince Charles, according to the historical tradition of the Habsburg dynasty. The ultimate goal of Philip IV was to avoid the weakening or even the disappearance of the Spanish Monarchy during the Royal minority of Charles II –a four-year-old child in 1665.

Peace of Utrecht

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha Frey ◽  
Linda Frey
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
The Road ◽  
Charles Ii ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Glorious Revolution

The agreements that concluded the War of the Spanish Succession, often collectively referred to as the Peace of Utrecht, include the twenty-three treaties signed from January 1713 to February 1715 and that between Austria and Spain in 1725, prompting one contemporary to note that Utrecht “like the peace of God, [was] beyond human understanding” (Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, quoted in A. D. Machlachan, “The Road to Peace,” in Britain after the Glorious Revolution, 1689–1714, edited by Geoffrey Holmes [London: Macmillan, 1969], p. 197). Moreover, the decisive military advantage of the powers allied against Louis XIV was not reflected in the settlement, except for that with Britain. That pacification, which may be considered the last of the partition treaties, ended a war that broke out in 1702 over the question of who would succeed Charles II. Negotiations began as early as 1706 and more seriously, though no less successfully, through 1709, until the Tory victory (1710) allowed the British ministry to initiate secret negotiations with the French. The negotiations at Utrecht, for the most part, merely ratified decisions reached previously either in Paris and or in London. During these diplomatic maneuvers the British managed to secure their own interests to such a degree that the duke of Shrewsbury refused to sign. He condemned the proceedings as “bargaining for ourselves apart and leaving your friends to shift” (Linda Frey and Marsha Frey, eds., The Treaties of the War of the Spanish Succession: An Historical and Critical Dictionary [Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1995], p. 431). The conference that began in January 1712 ended fifteen months later. Issues of religion, trade, and colonies bedeviled the congress. Many delegates signed the pacification on 11–12 April 1713, but the representatives of the Holy Roman Empire and of Emperor Charles VI decided to continue the fight until 1714 (the Treaties of Rastatt [Rastadt] and Baden). Charles VI gained the Spanish Netherlands and a strong hand in Italy, including Sardinia, Naples, Milan, Mantua, and the Tuscan ports. The Holy Roman Empire fared less well; it basically retained the Ryswick settlement. Britain gained Newfoundland, Acadia, the Asiento (or Assiento), recognition of the Protestant succession, and with its acquisition of Gibraltar and Minorca, naval supremacy in the western Mediterranean. The Netherlands acquired a barrier (ultimately ineffective), and Savoy gained a more defensible, although not a more extended, Alpine barrier. Portugal had to be content with an antebellum frontier but did acquire Sacramento in the New World. Prussia gained recognition of the kingship and some minor territories. France kept the entire left bank of the Rhine but ceded all lands on the right bank except Landau. Louis XIV retained Cape Breton, what became Prince Edward Island, and the fishing rights in Newfoundland. Louis XIV’s grandson, Philip V, kept Spain and Spanish America but had to renounce his right of succession to the French throne. Louis XIV abandoned his Italian allies, but he continued to support the Wittelsbach electors of Bavaria and Cologne, who were restored. The British abandoned the Catalans, who lost their historic liberties. Except in Italy and North America, the frontiers remained remarkably durable.

Penerapan Konsep Kota Pintar dengan Cara Penerapan ERP (Electronic Road Price) di Jalan Ibu Kota DKI Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Arman Syah Putra
Keyword(s):  
Erp System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Price ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Made In

The problem raised in this research is the implementation of ERP (Electronic Road Price) which will be applied in several street corners of the capital of Jakarta, many pros and cons that will occur in its application, ranging from its licensing to its application in the field, socialization to users the road in the capital is very important to do because it will directly intersect with motorized motorists in the capital of Jakarta, in its application also must be considered using what tools are best placed in every corner of the capital to help smooth the system to be applied, in this research the author will provide suggestions and frameworks so that the implementation of the ERP system (Electronic Road Price) can be carried out right away, with the suggestions that have been made are expected to influence the policies that will be made in terms of ERP (Electronic Road Price) in the future.

TSUNAMI ACEH 2004 SEBAGAI DASAR PENATAAN RUANG KOTA MEULABOH

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisyanto Wisyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Landuse Planning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tsunami Mitigation ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
The Impact

Tsunami which was generated by the 2004 Aceh eartquake has beenhaunting our life. The building damage due to the tsunami could be seenthroughout Meulaboh Coastal Area. Appearing of the physical loss wasclose to our fault. It was caused by the use dan plan of the land withoutconsidering a tsunami disaster threat. Learning from that event, we haveconducted a research on the pattern of damage that caused by the 2004tsunami. Based on the analysis of tsunami hazard intensity and thepattern of building damage, it has been made a landuse planning whichbased on tsunami mitigation for Meulaboh. Tsunami mitigation-based ofMeulaboh landuse planning was made by intergrating some aspects, suchas tsunami protection using pandanus greenbelt, embankment along withhigh plants and also arranging the direction of roads and setting of building forming a rhombus-shaped. The rhombus-shaped of setting of the road and building would reduce the impact of tsunamic wave. It is expected that these all comprehensive landuse planning will minimize potential losses in the future .

Gang Homicide: The Road so Far and a Map for the Future

2021 ◽  
pp. 108876792110438
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Sanchez ◽  
Scott H. Decker ◽  
David C. Pyrooz
Keyword(s):  
Gang Membership ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
The Road ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
The Future ◽  
Gang Life

Gang research has spanned nearly a century. In that time, we have learned that gang membership increases the chances of involvement in homicide as a victim or offender. The violence that embroils gang life, both instrumental and symbolic, often has consequences. In this paper we review the gang homicide literature covering topics such as definitional issues, available data, correlates and characteristics, and theoretical explanations. The review examines individual, group, and structural contexts for gang homicide. We conclude with a discussion of future needs in theory, data, and methods, to improve our understanding of gang homicide.

Welchen Weg nimmt die „Straße der Zukunft“? – Digitalisierung der Straße im Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 339 „Digitaler Zwilling Straße“/Which route takes the “Road of the Future”? – Digitalization of the road within the Collaborative Research Center/ Transregio 339 „Digital Twin of the Road System“

Bauingenieur ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 97 (01-02) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Michael Kaliske ◽  
Markus Oeser ◽  
Ines Wollny ◽  
Ronny Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
The Road ◽  
System P ◽  
The Future ◽  
Road System

Die Mobilität von Menschen und Gütern ist ein wesentlicher Stützpfeiler einer funktionierenden Gesellschaft und Grundlage einer leistungsfähigen Wirtschaft. Die Mobilität im Bereich des Straßenverkehrs ist in ihrer derzeitigen Form mit enormen Herausforderungen auf globaler Ebene konfrontiert (Dauerhaftigkeit, Sicherheit, Effizienz, Ökologie, Kosten, Automatisierung etc.). Im Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 339, der von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft seit Januar 2022 gefördert wird, forschen mehrere Institute der TU Dresden und der RWTH Aachen (Bauwesen-Informatik-Gesellschaft) an einem räumlich wie zeitlich mehrdimensionalen, digitalen Abbild (Realitätsmodell in Raum und Zeit) aus Fahrzeug, Reifen und Fahrbahn. Das Realitätsmodell „Digitaler Zwilling Straße“ ist gekennzeichnet durch die intelligente Verknüpfung aller relevanten Informationen über das System „Straße der Zukunft“, einschließlich physikalischer Materialuntersuchungen, numerischer Simulationen sowie informatorischer und verkehrlicher Daten (Sensordaten, Datenmodelle etc.).

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