Developing Ability in Mental Arithmetic

1957 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Frances Flournoy
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Simple Computation ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
Paper And Pencil

It is a matter of common experience and observation that life presents many uses for mental a rithmetic in a rriving at quick solutions to arithmetical situations. Paper and pencil should seldom be necessary for interpreting many of these quantitative situations. Because activities of every-day life require competence in mental arithmetic, schools must provide pupils with opportunity to learn to think without paper and pencil in solving problems involving simple computation, making approximations, and interpreting quantitative data, terms, and statements.

Sound Off!: Computer Algebra Systems in Secondary Mathematics Classes: The Time to Act Is Now!

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 662-667
Author(s):  
M. Kathleen Heid
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Computer Algebra ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Secondary Mathematics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mathematical Understanding ◽  
Computer Algebra Systems ◽  
Paper And Pencil

Technology is giving us an opportunity to open new doors to mathematical understanding for our students, and we are failing to take advantage of that opportunity. Computer algebra systems (CASs)—and in particular, CAScapable calculators—provide ready classroom access to automated graphical, numerical, and symbolicmanipulation capabilities; and they should be as much a part of our students' mathematical repertoires as paper-and-pencil strategies or mental arithmetic. However, very few students in the United States have ever been afforded the opportunity to learn mathematics by using these tools.

Mental arithmetic

1961 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
Robert H. Koenker
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
School Life ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Out Of School

The majority of arithmetic problems olved by adults and by children in their out-of-school life are solved mentally without the benefit of paper and pencil. In sp ite of the need for and the usefulness of mental arithmetic in daily living, most teachers devote litt le, if any, time to this valuable part of the arithmetic program. Some teachers still rely heavily on rigorous oral drill periods for mastering the basic arithmetical facts, but such instruction is better referred to as “mental gymnastics” than mental arithmetic.

Metallurgical Effects of Grain Boundary Ledges

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Thermo Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Ledge Density

Ledges in grain boundaries can be identified by their characteristic contrast features (straight, black-white lines) distinct from those of lattice dislocations, for example1,2 [see Fig. 1(a) and (b)]. Simple contrast rules as pointed out by Murr and Venkatesh2, can be established so that ledges may be recognized with come confidence, and the number of ledges per unit length of grain boundary (referred to as the ledge density, m) measured by direct observations in the transmission electron microscope. Such measurements can then give rise to quantitative data which can be used to provide evidence for the influence of ledges on the physical and mechanical properties of materials.It has been shown that ledge density can be systematically altered in some metals by thermo-mechanical treatment3,4.

Morphometric analysis of cellular interactions with the endothelium during the development of arterial lesions using Scanning Electron Microscopy and digital image analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
M.E. Rosenfeld ◽  
C. Karboski ◽  
M.F. Prescott ◽  
P. Goodwin ◽  
R. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
Scanning Electron

Previous research documenting the chronology of the cellular interactions that occur on or below the surface of the endothelium during the initiation and progression of arterial lesions, primarily consisted of descriptive studies. The recent development of lower cost image analysis hardware and software has facilitated the collection of high resolution quantitative data from microscopic images. In this report we present preliminary quantitative data on the sequence of cellular interactions that occur on the endothelium during the initiation of atherosclerosis or vasculitis utilizing digital analysis of images obtained directly from the scanning electron microscope. Segments of both atherosclerotic and normal arteries were obtained from either diet-induced or endogenously (WHHL) hypercholesterolemic rabbits following 1-4 months duration of hypercholesterolemia and age matched control rabbits. Vasculitis was induced in rats following placement of an endotoxin soaked thread adjacent to the adventitial surface of arteries.

Motility of leukemic lymphocytes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
Manoj Raje ◽  
Karvita B. Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Laser Doppler Velocimetry ◽  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cellular Space ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Solid Tissues ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Reduced Mobility

In Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia motility of lymphocytes is associated with dissemination of malignancy and establishment of metastatic foci. Normal and leukemic lymphocytes in circulation reach solid tissues where due to in adequate perfusion some cells get trapped among tissue spaces. Although normal lymphocytes reenter into circulation leukemic lymphocytes are thought to remain entrapped owing to reduced mobility and form secondary metastasis. Cell surface, transmembrane interactions, cytoskeleton and level of cell differentiation are implicated in lymphocyte mobility. An attempt has been made to correlate ultrastructural information with quantitative data obtained by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). TEM of normal & leukemic lymphocytes revealed heterogeneity in cell populations ranging from well differentiated (Fig. 1) to poorly differentiated cells (Fig. 2). Unlike other cells, surface extensions in differentiated lymphocytes appear to originate by extrusion of large vesicles in to extra cellular space (Fig. 3). This results in persistent unevenness on lymphocyte surface which occurs due to a phenomenon different from that producing surface extensions in other cells.

Spotlight on the Clinician in the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia: Balancing Relationship-Centered Care and Professionalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-424
Author(s):  
Rochelle Cohen-Schneider ◽  
Melodie T. Chan ◽  
Denise M. McCall ◽  
Allison M. Tedesco ◽  
Ann P. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Encounter

Background Speech-language pathologists make clinical decisions informed by evidence-based theory and “beliefs, values and emotional experiences” ( Hinckley, 2005 , p. 265). These subjective processes, while not extensively studied, underlie the workings of the therapeutic relationship and contribute to treatment outcomes. While speech-language pathologists do not routinely pay attention to subjective experiences of the therapeutic encounter, social workers do. Thus, the field of social work makes an invaluable contribution to the knowledge and skills of speech-language pathologists. Purpose This clinical focus article focuses on the clinician's contribution to the therapeutic relationship by surfacing elements of the underlying subjective processes. Method Vignettes were gathered from clinicians in two community aphasia programs informed by the principles of the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia. Results and Discussion By reflecting on and sharing aspects of clinical encounters, clinicians reveal subjective processing occurring beneath the surface. The vignettes shed light on the following clinical behaviors: listening to the client's “whole self,” having considerations around self-disclosure, dealing with biases, recognizing and surfacing clients' identities, and fostering hope. Speech-language pathologists are given little instruction on the importance of the therapeutic relationship, how to conceptualize this relationship, and how to balance this relationship with professionalism. Interprofessional collaboration with social workers provides a rich opportunity to learn ways to form and utilize the benefits of a strong therapeutic relationship while maintaining high standards of ethical behavior. Conclusion This clinical focus article provides speech-language pathologists with the “nuts and bolts” for considering elements of the therapeutic relationship. This is an area that is gaining traction in the field of speech-language pathology and warrants further investigation.

Riskanter schädlicher und abhängiger Alkoholkonsum: Screening, Diagnostik, Kurzintervention. Leitlinien der AWMF

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Rist ◽  
Ralf Demmel ◽  
Ulfert Hapke ◽  
Georg Kremer ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Rumpf
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivität Und Spezifität ◽  
Paper And Pencil

<B>Ziele:</B> Formulierung evidenzbasierter Leitlinien, die Screening und Kurzintervention im Rahmen der medizinischen Basisversorgung erleichtern sollen. </P><P> <B>Methode:</B> Literaturrecherche in der Datenbank MEDLINE und Auswertung der seit 1995 publizierten Studien. </P><P> </B>Ergebnisse:</B> <OL><LI>Screening: Sensitivität und Spezifität einfacher »Paper and Pencil«-Verfahren sind in der Regel höher als die herkömmlicher biochemischer Marker. <LI>Intervention: Eine minimale Intervention kann zahlreiche Patienten veranlassen, den Konsum von Alkohol zu reduzieren. Kurzinterventionen sind in hohem Maße kosteneffizient.</OL> </P><P> <B>Schlussfolgerungen:</B> Vor dem Hintergrund der vorliegenden Literatur erscheint die Implementierung sekundärpräventiver Maßnahmen gerechtfertigt.

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