Mental arithmetic

1961 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
Robert H. Koenker
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
School Life ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Out Of School

The majority of arithmetic problems olved by adults and by children in their out-of-school life are solved mentally without the benefit of paper and pencil. In sp ite of the need for and the usefulness of mental arithmetic in daily living, most teachers devote litt le, if any, time to this valuable part of the arithmetic program. Some teachers still rely heavily on rigorous oral drill periods for mastering the basic arithmetical facts, but such instruction is better referred to as “mental gymnastics” than mental arithmetic.

Developing Ability in Mental Arithmetic

1957 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Frances Flournoy
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Simple Computation ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
Paper And Pencil

It is a matter of common experience and observation that life presents many uses for mental a rithmetic in a rriving at quick solutions to arithmetical situations. Paper and pencil should seldom be necessary for interpreting many of these quantitative situations. Because activities of every-day life require competence in mental arithmetic, schools must provide pupils with opportunity to learn to think without paper and pencil in solving problems involving simple computation, making approximations, and interpreting quantitative data, terms, and statements.

Sound Off!: Computer Algebra Systems in Secondary Mathematics Classes: The Time to Act Is Now!

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 662-667
Author(s):  
M. Kathleen Heid
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Computer Algebra ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Secondary Mathematics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mathematical Understanding ◽  
Computer Algebra Systems ◽  
Paper And Pencil

Technology is giving us an opportunity to open new doors to mathematical understanding for our students, and we are failing to take advantage of that opportunity. Computer algebra systems (CASs)—and in particular, CAScapable calculators—provide ready classroom access to automated graphical, numerical, and symbolicmanipulation capabilities; and they should be as much a part of our students' mathematical repertoires as paper-and-pencil strategies or mental arithmetic. However, very few students in the United States have ever been afforded the opportunity to learn mathematics by using these tools.

scholarly journals Functional Status Assessment of COPD Based on Ability to Perform Daily Living Activities: A Systematic Review of Paper and Pencil Instruments

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateme Monjazebi ◽  
Asghar Dalvandi ◽  
Abbas Ebadi ◽  
Hamid Reza Khankeh ◽  
Mehdi Rahgozar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Selection Of

<p><strong>CONTEXT: </strong>Activity of daily living (ADL) is an important predictor of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Increasing ADL is important in patients with COPD and assessment of ADL is one of the best ways to evaluate the status of COPD patients.</p> <p><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>The objective of this systematic review was to provide an overview of the psychometric properties of paper and pencil instruments measuring ADL in patients with COPD.</p> <p><strong>DATA SOURCES:</strong> English papers published from 1980 to 2014 regarding ADL in patients with COPD were searched in  Web of Science, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane, PubMed, ProQuest, and CINAHL databases using the following keywords: “COPD”, “ADL”, “activities of daily living”, “daily activities”, “instrument”, “questionnaire”, “paper-and-pencil instruments”, and “measure”. Following the Internet search, manual search was also done to find article references.</p> <p><strong>STUDY SELECTION:</strong> A total of 186 articles were found. Of those, 31 met the inclusion criteria. Full texts of articles meeting the inclusion criteria were studied. Consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments<strong>"</strong>(COSMIN) were used to assess the quality of the studies.</p> <p><strong>DATA EXTRACTION:</strong> Data extraction form based on research aims developed by researchers and<strong> </strong>psychometric experts, with 17 questions was used.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>In these articles, 14 pen and paper instruments were identified for examining ADL in patients with COPD; of which, 4 dealt directly with ADL while 9 assessed other criteria i.e. dyspnea as ADL indicator. The majority of instruments only dealt with two main dimensions of ADL: Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and did not consider Advanced Activities of Daily Living (AADL), which is influenced by cultural and motivational factors.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Despite several ADL instruments identified, complete psychometric processes have only been done in a few of them. Selection of the appropriate instrument should focus on the aim of the study and the target construct.</p>

The Recitation in Mathematics

1921 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
School Life ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
Purpose Of Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Out Of School ◽  
The Way

The purpose of education is to help the individual better to meet both present and future life situations. The process by which this purpose is realized continues throughout life and the means of education includes every phase of our environment which tends to modify the way in which we react to a given situation. Clearly the school is only one of the means of education. Within the school various forms of student activity are rightfully assuming an ever increasing importance, but at present most teachers look upon the recitation as the most important educative factor in the school. The function of the recitation seems to be to pass on to the next generation an accumulation of experience which school authorities believe to be essential to the welfare of society and in so doing to develop certain desirable abilities and capacities in the individual. Unfortunately in our attempt to realize this function we have separated our subject matter from its useful relationships and in the child’s mind it is a mass of material almost wholly unrelated to the world in which he lives, and our very attempts have defeated our purpose. This paper discusses certain fundamental principles which will compel a closer relationship between mathematics and out-of-school life and will therefore make the recitation a more effective means of renlizing the aim of education.

The Use of Arithmetic in the Out-of-School Life of Children

1942 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Roy DeVerl Willey
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Life ◽  
Out Of School ◽  
Research Studies

The utility arithmetic research studies of Wise, Woody, Thorndike, Mitchell, Charters, Sclwrling, Bobbitt, Wilson and Bowden were all concerned with the use of arithmetic by adults.1 These studies have clone much in eliminating superfluous arithmetic from our public schools, but they have also resulted in a questionable practice of imposing adult standards on pupils with little consideration of immediate needs and interests. Valuable as the results of the studies of adult usage have been, they cannot and should not continue to dominate our curricula without proper supplementation by research in child usage.

scholarly journals SELF-RESILIENCE THAT INFLUENCES THE DROPOUT AMONG INDIAN STUDENTS IN THE DISTRICT OF KUALA MUDA, KEDAH: A CASE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
TH. Subra ◽  
Mohamad Ainuddin Iskandar Lee Abdullah ◽  
Kala Devi
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
School Life ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
Indian Students ◽  
Out Of School

Indian students in Malaysia are left behind in terms of education compared to other races. There are several reasons that have been identified as contributing factors to the dropout of Indian students particularly in the secondary schools. Among them is the problem of lack of self-resilience that causes students to overcome the challenges of life and drop out of school. This study aims to examine the influence of self-esteem among Indian students in dropout in Kuala Muda district. The objectives of the study were to identify patterns and characteristics of resilience, to what extent are aspects of student self-resilience influencing dropout and to identify strategies for enhancing student self-esteem. The researcher applies dimensions of self-resilience as in the Masten & Reed Resilience Model. The scope of the study was focused on Indian students in Kuala Muda District and the study sample was limited to five respondents only as this study applied a qualitative study using the interview method. Respondents will be interviewed more than once if it is necessary to clearly identify the nature of the respondents' self-resilience. This research uses student interviewing and observation methods. The study found that Indian students lack the self-confidence to cope with various school life challenges that influences them to drop out of school. However, as time moves on, the state of their mind enters into a moment of maturity that emphasizes that they still have the hope and confidence in themselves to improve their lives despite their difficulties and shortcomings. Some suggestions have also been put forward to enhance the resilience of Indian students.

The Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in Dementia: Agreement Between Primary and Secondary Caregivers

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Teunisse ◽  
Mayke M. A. Derix
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Daily Living Activities ◽  
Mild Dementia ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Inability to perform activities of daily life is inherent to dementia and an essential component of its severity. Examination of this disability is crucial for diagnosis, management of the patient and family, and evaluation of treatment effects. To examine everyday disability in community-dwelling patients with mild dementia, we developed the Interview for Deterioration in Daily living Activities in Dementia (IDDD) at the memory clinic of the Academic Medical Center at Amsterdam. The IDDD is a caregiver-based measure, which consists of 20 concretely worded items, reflecting the initiative to perform and actual performance of self-care and more complex activities. The original version of the IDDD (1988) was an interview measure, but since 1990 a paper-and-pencil version has been used, which has good construct validity and test-retest reliability, as well as good responsiveness to deterioration over 6 months. In the present study, we examined interobserver agreement among 25 caregiver pairs, which consisted of primary and secondary caregivers. Although the reliability of caregiver reports is often questioned, we found substantial to almost perfect agreement at subscale level and acceptable agreement for most of the items. We conclude that the paper-and-pencil version of the IDDD is a suitable instrument for the description and discrimination of disability among patients with mild dementia still living at home. The IDDD may also be a useful method to incorporate in clinical trials and longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Kecakapan Hidup Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Kain Tenun di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda Pabelan Kabupaten Semarang

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Ma'as Shobirin
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
School Life ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The People ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Out Of School

In the modern era, there are still many young people who dropped out of school, including at boarding school. Economic factor that make them could not be a formal education. Nevertheless, schools remains committed to make a breakthrough in order to provide life skills for students who drop out of school. Life skill education program through the manufacture of woven fabrics organized in boarding school Miftahul Huda Pabelan Kab. Semarang is expected to provide knowledge as well as to equip the students to have the skills to live. This activity involves several parties such as Home Industry "Afiq", the Ministry of Religious Kab. Semarang and Central Java MUI through the division of the economic empowerment of the people. Through these activities, students are expected to be able to make woven and develop it themselves.

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