An Engineering Product Model Based on STEP Protocols

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 281-296
Author(s):  
James T. Higney ◽  
Joanne J. Ouillette
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Engineering Product ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Application Protocols ◽  
Graphic Database

Draft STEP (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data) application protocols, developed by the Navy Industry Digital Data Exchange Standards Committee (NIDDESC), have been issued to define the information content of a product model for a ship. The work reported in this paper combines the existing CAD models of the DDG51 Class design with a newly developed non-graphic database so that the overall information content complies with the STEP protocols. This work represents the first-time implementation of the application protocols and is a significant step in the Navy's plan to do the design of variants of the DDG51 Class totally in computer-aided design (CAD). The combined graphic/non-graphic database is referred to as the DDG51 engineering product model. Emphasis has been placed on populating the non-graphic database with the information necessary to perform all required engineering analyses. The basic schema described in this paper may be extended to support other areas of interest, such as logistics support.

NIDDESC-IGES Developments—Today’s Solution

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Burton Gischner ◽  
Gregory Morea
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Product Models ◽  
Engineering Drawings ◽  
Application Protocols

The Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) was first developed in 1980. It has evolved with continual improvements to the current Version 5.1 which was published in October 1991 [1]. Although IGES has proved to be a very valuable tool, difficulties have been encountered in using it for sophisticated transfers, such as for product models or complicated drawings. The long range solution to these difficulties is the emergence of the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP). The Navy/Industry Digital Data Exchange Standards Committee (NIDDESC) has been a leading player in the development of this international standard. However, in the interim, NIDDESC is also spearheading the efforts to enhance the use of IGES by developing application protocols. Two of these application protocols, for 3D Piping and Engineering Drawings, are the first ones to be developed by the IGES/ PDES (Product Data Exchange using STEP) Organization (IPO), and will lead the way to more productive data transfer before the development of STEP. They will be referenced by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) standard for digital data transfer, MIL-D-28000 [2], and should greatly facilitate the occurrence of effective data transfer in these two disciplines. Furthermore, the use of these IGES application protocols is expected to provide significant guidance in the development of application protocols for the emerging STEP standard. This paper focuses on the development of these two application protocols, the involvement of NIDDESC and the shipbuilding industry (as well as the participation of other industry users and vendors), and the significant benefits to be derived from the adoption of these standards.

scholarly journals Feature-based translation of CAD models with macro-parametric approach: issues of feature mapping, persistent naming, and constraint translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutahar Safdar ◽  
Tahir Abbas Jauhar ◽  
Youngki Kim ◽  
Hanra Lee ◽  
Chiho Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Parametric Approach ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Feature Mapping ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Cad Systems ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Feature-based translation of computer-aided design (CAD) models allows designers to preserve the modeling history as a series of modeling operations. Modeling operations or features contain information that is required to modify CAD models to create different variants. Conventional formats, including the standard for the exchange of product model data or the initial graphics exchange specification, cannot preserve design intent and only geometric models can be exchanged. As a result, it is not possible to modify these models after their exchange. Macro-parametric approach (MPA) is a method for exchanging feature-based CAD models among heterogeneous CAD systems. TransCAD, a CAD system for inter-CAD translation, is based on this approach. Translators based on MPA were implemented and tested for exchange between two commercial CAD systems. The issues found during the test rallies are reported and analyzed in this work. MPA can be further extended to remaining features and constraints for exchange between commercial CAD systems.

Orthogonal Distance Fields Representation for Machine-Learning Based Manufacturability Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Balu ◽  
Sambit Ghadai ◽  
Soumik Sarkar ◽  
Adarsh Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Boundary Representation ◽  
Engineering Product ◽  
Distance Fields ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Product Design Process ◽  
3D Cnn ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Computer-aided Design for Manufacturing (DFM) systems play an essential role in reducing the time taken for product development by providing manufacturability feedback to the designer before the manufacturing phase. Traditionally, DFM rules are hand-crafted and used to accelerate the engineering product design process by integrating manufacturability analysis during design. Recently, the feasibility of using a machine learning-based DFM tool in intelligently applying the DFM rules have been studied. These tools use a voxelized representation of the design and then use a 3D-Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN), to provide manufacturability feedback. Although these frameworks work effectively, there are some limitations to the voxelized representation of the design. In this paper, we introduce a new representation of the computer-aided design (CAD) model using orthogonal distance fields (ODF). We provide a GPU-accelerated algorithm to convert standard boundary representation (B-rep) CAD models into ODF representation. Using the ODF representation, we build a machine learning framework, similar to earlier approaches, to create a machine learning-based DFM system to provide manufacturability feedback. As proof of concept, we apply this framework to assess the manufacturability of drilled holes. The framework has an accuracy of more than 84% correctly classifying the manufacturable and non-manufacturable models using the new representation.

Data Probe: A Tool for EXPRESS-Based Data

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Software Architecture ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Application Protocols

Abstract The problem of sharing data has many facets. The need to share data across multiple enterprises, different hardware platforms, different data storage paradigms and systems, and a variety of network architectures is growing. The emerging Standard for The Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP), being developed in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), addresses this need by providing information models, called application protocols, which clearly and unambiguously describe data. The validity of these information models is essential for success in sharing data in a highly automated engineering environment. This paper describes the Data Probe: a tool for examining, editing, and managing EXPRESS-based data. The Data Probe tool supports the validation of STEP application protocols. The paper includes a description of the software architecture, the initial implementation, and plans for future enhancements. The software is designed as independent components which can be incorporated into other STEP-related systems or software requiring general purpose editing tools for structured information. The initial version of the Data Probe tool is based on two implementation mechanisms defined within STEP: the conceptual modeling language EXPRESS and the STEP exchange file format. Future work will focus on integrating a database system into the software. The software architecture and the use of object-oriented techniques enables code reusability and system extensibility and has been instrumental for a phased implementation. The software is under development at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is in the public-domain. The software supports the Validation Testing System, part of the Application Protocol Development Environment, at the CALS-sponsored National PDES Testbed. (PDES, Product Data Exchange using STEP, is the U.S. effort in support of the international standard.)

Using CAD Models and Their Semantics to Prepare F.E. Simulations

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okba Hamri ◽  
Jean-Claude Le´on ◽  
Franca Giannini ◽  
Bianca Falcidieno
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Data Structure ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Shape Adaptation ◽  
Cad Models

The preparation of simulation models from Computer Aided Design (CAD) models is still a difficult task since shape changes are often required to adapt a component or a mechanical system to the hypotheses and specifications of the simulation model. Detail removal or idealization operations are among the current treatments performed during the preparation of simulation models. Most of the time, model exchanges are required between the engineering office and the simulation engineers, often producing losses of information and lacking of robustness. Thus, inefficient processes and remodelling phases form the usual practice. In this paper we show that geometric models can be extracted from CAD software as well as some of their semantics. This semantics can then be transferred, used and eventually preserved during the shape adaptation process required for a given Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The software environment enabling this transfer simultaneously requires the description of the initial B-Rep NURBS model as well as that of the adapted one. The process set up is based on STandard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP) to provide a robust link between CAD and shape adaptation environments. In order to describe the appropriate variety of shapes required for the Finite Element (FE) preparation, a specific data structure is proposed to express the corresponding topology of the models. Hence, it is shown that the operators associated to the FE preparation process can take advantage of this data structure and the semantics of the initial CAD model that can be attached to the adapted model. Examples illustrating the various process steps and corresponding operations are provided and demonstrate the robustness of the approach.

Development of an Initial Graphics Exchange Specification Capability

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 264-273
Author(s):  
D. J. Wooley ◽  
M. L. Manix
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Fleet Operations

Industry has long recognized the importance of computerized data exchange. The concept of a neutral exchange format is the key to an efficient and maintainable data exchange capability due to the number of dissimilar CAD/CAM systems in use today. The capability to exchange computerized design data provides the opportunity to eliminate many redundant activities such as recreating computer data from computer-generated paper drawings. The resulting improved communication of design data between contractors, subcontractors, customers, and operation and maintenance activities can reduce costs and upgrade fleet operations. This paper focuses on the need for and the methods used to develop a, workable computerized data exchange capability. Topics of discussion include the merits of electronic data exchange, the limitations of direct translators, and the benefits of a neutral data format. A project is presented that addresses various aspects of digital data exchange within the shipbuilding industry. Emphasis is placed on two working groups that address the digital exchange of design drawings and product model data using the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES).

Evolution of STEP (ESTEP): Exchange of Shipbuilding Product Model Data

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
B. Gischner ◽  
B. Kassel ◽  
P. Lazo ◽  
R. Wood ◽  
J. Wyman
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Application Protocols

Evolution of STEP (ESTEP) is a task within the MARITECH-ASE Integrated Shipbuilding Environment (ISE) Project building upon the work of the MariSTEP consortium and the NIDDESC standards development efforts. The purpose of ESTEP is to validate product model standards for the shipbuilding industry, implement product model data translators, and to further the development of Shipbuilding Application Protocols. Three of the major goals of ESTEP are developing a production-quality ship structure data exchange capability, expanding shipbuilding piping implementation efforts, and the exchange of parts and part libraries. Piping applications between the plant design industry and the shipbuilding industry are similar, and the AP used for translation of plant piping data (AP227–Plant Spatial Configuration) is much further along in the ISO process than the ISO Shipbuilding Piping AP (AP217). Both application protocols have been analyzed to determine the feasibility of using the plant AP as the ISE piping data exchange model. Shipbuilding structures will be expanding on the MariSTEP implementation that was based on a subset of the detail design data model. This will include the development of a STEP conformance class, a subset of the data model that covers a particular ship life-cycle phase or business case. Parts and part libraries are a joint effort with the ISE Electronic Commerce (EC) task to define an exchange mechanism. The critical need for such a mechanism was identified early in the MariSTEP exchange effort. ESTEP plans to exchange library part definitions, including geometric, parametric, and nongraphic attribute data. The current status, the achievements, and the future implementation plans of the ISE ESTEP are reviewed in this paper.

The NIDDESC Ship Product Model: The STEP Solution

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Richard H. Lovdahl ◽  
Douglas J. Martin ◽  
Michael A. Polini ◽  
Ron W. Wood ◽  
Michael L. Gerardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
Step Standard

This paper presents the purpose, approach, goals and progress of the tasks that make up the standard for a digital Ship Product Model. The Navy/Industry Digital Data Exchange Standards Committee (NIDDESC) Standards will be a part of the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) International Standard. The STEP standard has a layered architecture in which basic core definitions are used by many industry and product specific standards such as the NIDDESC Standards.

NIDDESC—Enabling Product Data Exchange for Marine Industry

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
James Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Product Data ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Marine Industry

The use of computer-aided design (CAD) technology in the U.S. Navy and marine industry has evolved from a drafting-based design tool to a three-dimensional (3D) product-oriented information base, used for design, production and service life support. One of the most significant enhancements to current CAD technology has been the incorporation or integration of non-graphic attribute information with traditional graphics data. This expanded information base or product model has enabled the marine industry to expand CAD use to include such activities as engineering analysis, production control, and logistics support. While significant savings can be achieved through the exchange of digital product model data between different agents, current graphics-based CAD data exchange standards do not support this expanded information content. The Navy/Industry Digital Data Exchange Standards Committee (NIDDESC) was formed as a cooperative effort of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) and the National Shipbuilding Research Program to develop an industry consensus on product data and to ensure these industry requirements are incorporated into national and international data exchange standards. The NIDDESC effort has resulted in the development of a suite of product model specifications or application protocols (APs) defining marine industry product model data. These APs have been submitted for inclusion into the next generation of data exchange standards.

The STEP Integration Information Architecture

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhwei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Databases ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Information Architecture ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Structural Integration ◽  
Federated Database ◽  
Conceptual Data ◽  
Operational Integration ◽  
Application Protocols

Abstract Traditionally, when the term “integration” is used to refer to the interoperability of disparate, heterogeneous computer system, it means the ability to exchange digital data between the systems. For the more sophisticated systems designers, “integration” may mean shared, distributed databases or a federated database system. Within the development of the Standard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP - ISO 10303), “integration” refers to an information architecture composed of conceptual constructs that is independent of implementation considerations. The Integration Information Architecture of STEP is presented and explained. Instead of a flat representation of abstract (i.e., conceptual) data structures, integration within STEP takes place at four different levels: 1) Intra-Resource integrated. 2) Structural integration of Application Protocols through Integrated Resources. 3) Semantic integration of Application Protocols through Application Interpreted Constructs (AICs) 4) Operational integration through Application Protocols. Each level of integration and the relationships between the levels is explained.

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