The Use of Image Analysis to Detect Seed Contamination—A Case Study of Triticale

Samples of triticale seeds of various qualities were assessed in the study. The seeds were obtained during experiments, reflecting the actual sowing conditions. The experiments were conducted on an original test facility designed by the authors of this study. The speed of the air (15, 20, 25 m/s) transporting seeds in the pneumatic conduit was adjusted to sowing. The resulting graphic database enabled the distinction of six classes of seeds according to their quality and sowing speed. The database was prepared to build training, validation and test sets. The neural model generation process was based on multi-layer perceptron networks (MLPN) and statistical (machine training). When the MLPN was used to identify contaminants in seeds sown at a speed of 15 m/s, the lowest RMS error of 0.052 was noted, whereas the classification correctness coefficient amounted to 0.99.

RESEARCH OF IDENTITY DOCUMENTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS THAT CONTAIN HIGH-TECH PROTECTION ELEMENTS

The article addresses issues relating to forensic and technical studies of newgeneration identity documents and other documents equipped with high-tech anticounterfeiting protection. In order to solve the expert problems in the forensic and technical examination of the new generation of documents, identity of the new generation, and other documents with elements of high-tech protection, it is necessary to adapt modern technical means to specific tasks. The challenge is to familiarize ourselves with the technology of the next generation of identity documents and other documents with high-tech protection elements and the introduction of appropriate additions into existing methods. Analysis of the main types of protection of printed products, namely new generation documents, identity documents, securities and other documents equipped with high-tech elements of protection against counterfeiting, shows that there are many different methods of protection. The most common among this is the attraction of appropriate printing technologies using mathematical methods, in particular, the creation of guilloche drawings with the formation of a graphic database and the development of software for computer synthesis of guilloche compositions and protective nets. The use of new elements of document protection requires the development of a new set of methods for their research and the proper modernization of existing methods. Expert research of documents includes a set of modern special equipment together with professional competence of expert and relevant information. The current level of high-tech development allows the creation of new means of protection of identity documents, such as passport and visa documents, plastic ID cards and other documents. The need to develop and implement new remedies for this category of documents is primarily due to the need to monitor interstate movement and take into account persons wanted or engaged in criminal activities. The article outlined in this article could serve as a basis for the creation and improvement of the methodology for the study of new-generation documents in order to improve the effectiveness of forensic research of documents.

VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION IN BIM TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL INVENTORIES OF HERITAGE

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The documentation of the architectural heritage requires the storage of large amounts of information that must be stored and processed in very different formats, since it comes from experts from different areas of knowledge. This heterogeneity of information makes communication difficult among professionals who participate in documentation work, such as restorers, architects, engineers, archaeologists or historians, with the transfer of information being one of the biggest problems to be solved, through the creation of a methodology that favors the diffusion and accessibility to the materials coming from the investigation. The aim of the study is to create a protocol or methodology, to create a graphic database that allows the inventory of the architectural heritage in Aragon. The solution implies the development of a geometric model that allows to include and relate information related to it. The format is a HBIM model capable of incorporating information on a stratified support, with visualization, documentation and management capabilities that allow a complete view of the building to be cataloged, incorporating useful information for its conservation, restoration, protection and dissemination, as well as interoperability between tools and other systems throughout the entire life cycle of the object. In this research, we will work with the virtual platform Petrobim, a tool composed of a database and a viewer, whose purpose is the management and query of information linked to a 3D model, throughout the entire cycle building life.</p>

Improving the Positional Accuracy of Traditional Cadastral Index Maps with Membrane Adjustment in Slovenia

The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the improvement in positional accuracy (PAI) of cadastral boundary points’ coordinates through the adjustment of a large set of digital cadastral index maps of rural regions based on traditional Franciscan-origin maps of heterogeneous geometric quality. The distribution of residuals of local coordinates of reference points onto the as yet unconnected neighboring points is researched. In this article, we use the adjustment method based on neighborhood transformation with a mechanical membrane model deriving from Hooke’s Law and consider a general case study of a Slovenian traditional cadastral graphic database of various historical origins. The number of geometric errors in fieldbook information from outdated measurement technologies and inappropriate implementations of cadastral index map geometric maintenance reduces the number of complying datasets of relative geometry by 50%. Previous experiments in traditional cadastral index maps of rural regions, with triangle-based piecewise affine plane transformation (RMSE = 2.4 m), have been improved by the membrane method (RMSE = 1.0 m), based on tests at 623 control points. Positional accuracy improvement of cadastral geospatial data and the integration of geometric subsystems provided recognizable benefits for the future maintenance of a unique, integrated, centralized graphical cadastral subsystem, which is in the testing phase in Slovenia.

Power Distribution Analysis of an Integrated Circuit Using FIB Passive Voltage Contrast

Competitive circuit analysis of an Integrated Circuit (IC) is one of the most challenging types of analysis. It involves various high technology steps of IC die de-processing/de-layering; keeping precise planarity from metal layer to metal layer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging and images mosaicking, image recognition and Graphic Database System (GDS) segmentation processes and finally logic and architecture level analysis. One of the most complicated analysis is Power Management and Power Distribution [2] on the entire IC die when no datasheet or other IC’s information is available. Power Distribution analysis requires the highest level of architecture analysis, not feasible by conventional Reverse Engineering (RE) methods or extremely costly. The current paper discusses and demonstrates a new inventive methodology of Power Distribution analysis using known FIB Passive Voltage Contrast (PVC) effects [1]. This patented technique provides significant time and resources saving.

Possibilities of using text and graphic database ‘Protected areas in Poland’ to analyses on protected areas / Możliwości wykorzystania tekstowej i graficznej bazy danych “Obszary chronione w Polsce” do analiz sieci obszarów chronionych

The article presents the database ‘Protected areas in Poland’, its actualisation, further modernisation and consequent abilities to search for information and to use them for analysis and researches on protected areas in Poland. Database is carried out at the Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute.

Circuit Tracing on Integrated Circuit Using FIB Passive Voltage Contrast Effect

Competitive circuit analysis of Integrated Circuits (ICs) is one of the most challenging types of analysis. It involves multiple complex IC die de-processing/de-layering steps while keeping precise planarity from metal layer to metal layer. Each step is followed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging together with mosaicking that subsequently passes through an image recognition and Graphic Database System (GDS) conversion process. This conventional procedure is quite time and resource consuming. The current paper discusses and demonstrates a new inventive methodology of circuit tracing on an IC using known FIB Passive Voltage Contrast (PVC) effects [1]. This technique provides significant savings in time and resources.