Propellers for High-Performance Craft

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 335-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Allison
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Surface Effect Ship ◽  
Design Selection ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Model Versus

This paper presents a brief historical review of marine propeller development leading to modern design, selection, and matching methods for high-performance craft such as planing hulls, hydrofoils and surface effect ships. Subcavitating propeller theory is summarized, and some limitations are discussed with regard to high-speed applications. An outline of supercavitating propeller theory is provided together with brief details of design procedures and the limitations of available data. The special problems of application of supercavitating propellers to surface effect ships are discussed briefly. Topics include sidehull installations, matching for hump and cruise, need for partial submergence and controllable pitch, strength considerations, and model versus full-scale performance. A review of recent progress in the application of supercavitating propellers to surface effect ships is presented, including comparisons of predicted full-scale blade pressures and stresses with actual full-scale measurements of speeds up to 80 knots. Future trends and goals are discussed, including development of improved performance prediction methods, rational structural design procedures, and new types of installation configuration. Much of the new information contained in this paper arises out of work performed under contract for the U. S. Navy Surface Effect Ship Program Office (PMS304) by Bell Aerospace Textron.

Optimum Structural Design of High-Speed Surface Effect Ships Built of Composite Materials

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Chang Doo Jang ◽  
Ho Kyung Kim ◽  
Ha Cheol Song
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Optimum Structural Design ◽  
Surface Effect Ship ◽  
Speed Performance

A surface effect ship is known to be comparable to a high-speed ship. For the structural design of surface effect ships, advanced design methods are needed which can reflect the various loading conditions different from those of conventional ships. Also, minimum weight design is essential because hull weight significantly affects the lift, thrust powering and high-speed performance. This paper presents the procedure of optimum structural design and a computer program to minimize the hull weight of surface effect ships built of composite materials. By using the developed computer program, the optimum structural designs for three types of surface effect ships—built of sandwich plate only, stiffened single skin plate only, and both plates—are carried out and the efficiency of each type is investigated in terms of weight. The computer program, developed herein, successfully reduced the hull weight of surface effect ships by 15–30% compared with the original design. Numerical results of optimum structural designs are presented and discussed.

An Analysis of Heave Added Mass and Damping of a Surface-Effect Ship

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
C. H. Kim ◽  
S. Tsakonas
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Added Mass ◽  
Damping Coefficients ◽  
Calm Water ◽  
Surface Effect Ship ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Computational Procedures

The analysis presents a practical method for evaluating the added-mass and damping coefficients of a heaving surface-effect ship in uniform translation. The theoretical added-mass and damping coefficients and the heave response show fair agreement with the corresponding experimental values. Comparisons of the coupled aero-hydrodynamic and uncoupled analytical results with the experimental data prove that the uncoupled theory, dominant for a long time, that neglects the free-surface effects is an oversimplified procedure. The analysis also provides means of estimating the wave elevation of the free surface, the escape area at the stern and the volume which are induced by a heaving surface-effect ship in uniform translation in otherwise calm water. Computational procedures have been programmed in the FORTRAN IV language and adapted to the PDP-10 high-speed digital computer.

Aerodynamically Alleviated Marine Vehicle (AAMV): Bridging the Maritime-to-Air Domain

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel James ◽  
Maurizio Collu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ground Effect ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Lifting Surfaces ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marine Vehicle

As high performance marine vessels with improved performance characteristics are being requested by governments (DARPA 2015) and commercial operators, the Aerodynamically Alleviated Marine Vehicle (AAMV) provides a solution that combines speeds typical of rotary-wing and light fixed-wing aircraft with payload and loitering ability found in current high speed craft. The innovative AAMV hybrid aero-marine platform utilizes an alternative implementation of wing-in-ground effect (WIG), a proven technology with a fascinating history of high speed marine operation. This paper outlines some challenges and the work completed towards the development of a hybrid class of vessel that is able to bridge the maritime-to-air domain, comfortably operating in the water surface yet still delivering the speed of aircraft during an airborne cruise phase. An overview of current WIG design is briefly presented, leading to the conceptual approach for the AAMV. Development and assessment of the aerodynamic properties of the lifting surfaces are shown, with analysis of several wing profiles and their effect on the total lift force, drag force, and pitching moment that directly influence the stability characteristics of the vehicle. A methodology for sizing an appropriate platform is summarized, along with experimental results of a high speed hullform with characteristics suitable for this intended application. Finally, particulars of a potential AAMV are derived using an iterative numerical method and briefly compared to current craft. For close to a century, the influence of ground effect has promised economy for low-skimming flight over smooth water (Raymond 1921), a promise that has yet to reach its full potential.

Noise and Vibration Control Techniques for the U. S. Navy 3000-LT Surface-Effect Ship

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Gary L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Surface Effect Ship

The Navy 3000-LT Surface-Effect Ship (3KSES) Program has provided a major advance in the development of high-performance ship technology in many areas. One such area is noise and vibration control techniques applicable to lightweight/high-power vehicles. New analytical methods have been evolved and substantial testing accomplished to support certain theoretical aspects of the analysis or to provide the necessary empirical data. This paper presents a summary of the technical approach used in the 3KSES Noise and Vibration Analysis, a description of the systems installed to achieve the desired acoustical control, and comparison of the predicted ship noise and vibration environment with the Navy specification. The noise sources considered are those related to the major machinery, that is, the gas turbine engines, the large lift fans, and the waterjet propulsors.

Measurement of Global Loads on a Full-Scale SES Vessel Using Networks of Fiber Optic Sensors

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
A. E. Jensen ◽  
J. Taby ◽  
K. Pran ◽  
G. Sagvolden ◽  
G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Effect ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
The North ◽  
Linear Algebraic Equations ◽  
Surface Effect Ship ◽  
The North Sea

A method for measurement of global loads on a vessel, using strain measurements from a network of strain sensors and extensive Žnite-element analyses (FEA) with idealistic load cases, is presented. The sensors are attached at carefully selected locations at a cross section amidships, where the most signiŽcant loads have their maximum values. The Žnite-element (FE) strain values are used in precalculations to reduce the computational effort to solve a set of linear algebraic equations in real time. The method has been successfully tried out on the full-scale surface effect ship (SES) KNM Skjold (47 m, 270 tons, and 50 knots) instrumented with a network of Žber optic Bragg strain sensors. The seakeeping tests were performed in the North Sea (1999) in sea states 3, 5, and upper 6. Other parameters that were varied during the test program were the heading, forward speed, and on/off-cushion. The loads measured during the tests were the sagging/hogging moment, the horizontal bending moment, and the longitudinal twisting moment. The measured loads were compared with respective dimensioning loads based on DNV rules (HSLC) (1996). The results showed that when the vessel is subjected to bow flare slamming impacts, the sagging moment exceeded the DNV dimensioning value by a factor of 1.6, indicating that the HSLC rules do not provide conservative global loads when these extreme events occur. However, the peak loads were well within the design limits.

Full-scale Performance of the SES Motion Control System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øyvind F. Auestad ◽  
J. William McFann ◽  
Jan T. Gravdahl
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Motion Control System ◽  
Air Cushion

The pressurized air cushion on a Surface Effect Ship (SES) can lift up to 80% of total vessel mass. The SES Motion Control System (SES-MCS) controls the vent valves which again controls the air cushion pressure, assuming lift fan air flow is pressurizing the air cushion. By controlling the air cushion pressure one can significantly counteract vertical sea wave disturbances, ensure high passenger comfort and reduce sea-sickness. The case studied in this work is the Umoe Mandal Wave Craft prototype, ’Umoe Ventus’, which is a high-speed offshore wind-farm service vessel specially designed for control in the vertical plane. The SES-MCS can adjust the draft from 1m to 3.2m in less time than the wave period. The SES-MCS can reduce motions significantly in order to perform Operation and Maintenance (O&M) in high seas. The craft is the fastest wind-farm service vessel of its size with high comfort in all relevant sea states. The performance of the SES-MCS is demonstrated through full-scale sea trials.

Multihull and Surface-Effect Ship Configuration Design: A Framework for Powering Minimization

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Yeung ◽  
Hui Wan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Total Displacement ◽  
Surface Effect Ship ◽  
Linearized Theory ◽  
Air Cushion ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Analytical Expressions

The powering issue of a high-speed marine vehicle with multihulls and air-cushion support is addressed, since there is an often need to quickly evaluate the effects of several configuration parameters in the early stage of the design. For component hulls with given geometry, the parameters considered include the relative locations of individual hulls and the relative volumetric ratios. Within the realm of linearized theory, an interference-resistance expression for hull-to-hull interaction is first reviewed, and then a new formula for hull-and-pressure distribution interference is derived. Each of these analytical expressions is expressed in terms of the Fourier signatures or Kochin functions of the interacting component hulls, with the separation, stagger, and speed as explicit parameters. Based on this framework, an example is given for assessing the powering performance of a catamaran (dihull) as opposed to a tetrahull system. Also examined is the wave resistance of a surface-effect ship of varying cushion support in comparison with that of a base line catamaran, subject to the constraint of constant total displacement.

A Coupled SPH-FEM Solver for Modeling Surface Effect Ship (SES) Bow Seal Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gilbert ◽  
Leigh McCue
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Surface Effect Ship ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Hyper Elastic ◽  
Smoothed Particle ◽  
The University

Abstract The life of Surface Effect Ship (SES) bow and finger seals are often short-lived due to a combination of environmental effects and dynamic loading due to high-speed operation. Improving SES seal robustness requires a deeper understanding of the dynamics and loads seen by SES skirt seals during operation. In this work, we present the results of a validation study performed for a coupled, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) - finite element method (FEM) solver developed to study fluid-structure impact and free-surface flow interaction with hyper-elastic structures. This work continues and extends the earlier coupled SPH-FEM approach of Yang et al. [1]. Numerical predictions for skirt seal displacement are compared against the experimental observations of Zalek and Doctors performed by the Marine Hydrodynamics Laboratory at the University of Michigan [2].

Instrumentation of a high-speed surface effect ship for structural response characterization during sea trials

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karianne Pran ◽  
Gregg Johnson ◽  
Alf E. Jensen ◽  
Knut A. Hegstad ◽  
Geir Sagvolden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Surface Effect Ship
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