In situ green manuring and herbicide on weed biomass, productivity and profitability of upland rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Y. Basila ◽  
S. Anitha ◽  
Meera V. Menon ◽  
K. Sreelakshmi ◽  
V.I. Beena
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Green Manuring

In-situ green manuring for enhancing productivity, profitability and sustainability of upland rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
B. L. Mina ◽  
S. Chandra ◽  
A. K. Srivastva
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Green Manuring

TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MULCHING EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS)–TORIA (BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS) CROPPING SYSTEM IN FRAGILE ECOSYSTEM OF NORTHEAST INDIAN HIMALAYAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANUP DAS ◽  
P. K. GHOSH ◽  
M. R. VERMA ◽  
G. C. MUNDA ◽  
S. V. NGACHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Indian Himalayas

SUMMARYThe north eastern region (NER) of India receives a high amount of rainfall (2450 mm) both in terms of intensity and frequency. Most of the precipitation goes waste because of improper conservation measures and inadequate rainwater harvesting. Growing a second crop during winter (rabi) season on hill slopes and uplands without moisture conservation measure is almost impossible. A simple and very low-cost technique of in situ soil moisture conservation in maize (Zea mays L.)–toria (Brassica campestris L.) system has been developed using residue of preceding rainy season maize crop and mulching with locally available weed biomass Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Six residue mulching combinations tested were viz. control, Maize stalk cover (MSC), MSC + Ambrosia sp. 5 t/ha, MSC + Ambrosia sp. 10 t/ha, MSC + farmyard manure (FYM) 10 t/ha and MSC + Ambrosia sp. 5 t/ha + poultry manure 5 t/ha under zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. Results showed that in situ residue retention of preceding maize crop along with green biomass of Ambrosia sp., applied before sowing of toria, maintained optimum soil moisture for good growth and higher yield of toria. The soil moisture content was consistently higher under residue mulched plots than that under control. All the residue mulching measures recorded higher crop yield for maize and toria than those observed under residue removal (control). The productivity of toria was enhanced by about 99%, only due to retention of MSC as mulch. Mulching with MSC + Ambrosia sp. 5 t/ha + poultry manure 5 t/ha recorded the highest seed yield of toria (four-year average: 641 kg/ha), which was 228% and 64% higher than no mulching (control) and MSC alone. MSC + FYM 10 t/ha (568.3 t/ha) and MSC + Ambrosia sp. 10 t/ha (517.4 t/ha) were found equally effective and produced significantly higher toria yield than that of control. MSC + Ambrosia mulch 10 t/ha gave the highest net returns and B:C ratio of the maize–toria system. The overall B:C ratios were better under ZT than CT. Thus, the study indicated that the integrated management of crop residues and weed biomass (Ambrosia sp.) under ZT created favourable soil moisture to support double cropping with high yield in hill eco-system of northeastern Indian Himalayas.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Open Reading Frame (ORF) 29-TrnC (GCA) Sequence to Detect Indica and Japonica Sub Species on Upland Rice of Situ Bagendit and Inbred Rice of Ciherang

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Rohma Istiana ◽  
Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum ◽  
Rejeki Siti Ferniah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Pcr Products

The identification and the characterization of genetic diversity of rice was the first step in the rice plant breeding program. This study aimed to detect indica or japonica sub-species on upland rice Situ Bagendit and inbred rice Ciherang using molecular markers ORF 29-TrnC (GCA) on the chloroplast genome. Rice was included to the indica sub-species if the 32 bp insertion on ORF 29-TrnC (GCA) sequence was found, on the contrary, if the deletion 32 bp on ORF 29-TrnC (GCA) was found then it was included to the japonica sub-species. DNA isolation was examined from the leaves of the rice plants, and then it tested quantitatively to determine the transparency and DNA concentration from the isolation results. PCR amplification was performed using a pair of primers CP2 and it was followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The visualization of the DNA bands used the gel documentation. Sequencing of PCR products produced a long base 390 bp in Situ Bagendit rice and 390 bp in Ciherang rice. Analysis of the sequences showed that the insertions occurred throughout the 32 bp in Situ Bagendit rice and the insertions occurred throughout the 32 bp in Ciherang rice. The results showed that upland rice Situ Bagendit and inbred rice Ciherang were included in the indica sub-species. The knowledge of variety of genetics of rice can be used as bio-information in the plant breeding program. Further, the knowledge can be used to protect in genetic power source, the selection and the composing of superior varieties of rice which is tolerant with kinds of biotic and abiotic factor.

Productivity and nitrogen use of maize as affected by in situ and ex situ green manuring in major and minor seasons of tropical Asia

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Sangakkara ◽  
P. Stamp
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
N Use

Green manuring is considered an important agronomic practice for smallholder farming systems in the tropics. Different species of legumes and non-legumes are applied either as ex situ or in situ green manures. Thus a field study conducted under rainfed conditions in Sri Lanka compared the effect of in situ and ex situ green manuring using two popular green manures ( Crotolaria juncea — a legume and Tithonia diversifolia — a non-legume) on the growth, seed yield and N use pattern of maize ( Zea mays ), the most popular upland cereal in the Asian tropics, grown with high and low N rates, in the two seasons that correspond to the monsoonal rains. In situ green manuring, especially with crotolaria, increased the growth, seed yield and N use efficiency of maize when compared to the ex situ addition of similar quantities of the green manure. The impact was also greater in the minor season, when the crop was subjected to moisture stress conditions. The benefits of in situ green manuring with tithonia were lower than those due to crotolaria. In situ green manuring with tithonia also led to a greater increase in growth, seed yield and N use efficiency in maize compared to ex situ green manuring with this species. The green manures, especially in situ application, also increased the benefits of enhanced rates of N fertilizer to the crops in both seasons, with greater use efficiency in the major season. The study showed the benefits of green manuring (both in and ex situ ) for obtaining higher yields of maize in the growing seasons of the Asian tropics, especially the in situ application of legume species.

scholarly journals Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on rice crop

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi Mitnala
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Rdf Data ◽  
College Farm

An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2011-2012 and 2012-2013) on fine texture soils of Agricultural college farm, Bapatla. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design in wet season with four treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of M1 (recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) - Control), M2 (10t farmyard yard manure (FYM) ha-1 + RDF), M3 (1.5t vermicompost ha-1 + RDF), M4 (Green manuring + RDF). Data collected on biometric observations (plant height, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation) and yield. The yield of crop was significantly increased with the application of 100%NPK in combination with FYM @10t ha-1. However, it was at par with green manuring along with the application of 100% RDF (NPK).Thus, green manure in situ with Dhaincha may be used as an alternative organic source of nutrients to the FYM.

Effect of different organic mulches and in-situ green manuring on soil chemical, biological properties and weed dynamics in Maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
K. S. Rajashekarappa ◽  
MD Majeed Pasha ◽  
K. Devaraj
Keyword(s):  
Green Leaf ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Horse Gram ◽  
Weed Dynamics ◽  
And Control

A study was conducted at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore in Alfisols during 2010 to know the effect of different organic mulches and in-situ green manuring on soil properties and weed dynamics in maize. The soil was red sandy loam, slightly acidic in pH and with low in available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The experiment consists of nine treatments comprising different mulchels like straw, coir pith, coconut fronds, tank soil and in-situ green manuring of sunhemp and glyricidia as green leaf manuring and horse gram as intercrop and control which are replicated thrice in RCBD. The results indicated that the soil organic carbon content did not differ significantly due to different mulches and in-situ green manuring but differed significantly with respect to available nutrients and on weed dynamics. Among different treatments in-situ green manuring of sunhemp registered significantly higher available nitrogen (281.18 kg/ha) over other treatments but which was on par with green leaf manuring, horse gram intercropping and tank silt application. Similarly, in-situ green manuring of sunhemp recorded significantly higher available phosphorus (77.93 kg/ha) over application of additional FYM but was on par with other treatments. Mulching with coconut fronds (2.3 t/ ha) recorded higher available potassium (136.13 kg/ha) but which was on par with other mulches except mulching with straw, application of additional FYM and control. The population of total bacteria, fungi and P solublizers, Azotobactor were found be increased significantly after the harvest of the crop compared to the initial population, in-situ green manuring of sunhemp, green leaf manuring with glyricidia and intercropping of horse gram registered lower weed density of 24.41, 30.44 and 32.14 per m2 respectively over other treatments. Similar trend was noticed with respect to weed dry weight and weed control efficiency.

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