Flortaucipir (18F) is a radioactive diagnostic agent indicated for use with positron emission tomography (pet) imaging to image the brain: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
Sunil R Bavaskar ◽  
Mayur R. Bhurat
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Diagnostic Agent ◽  
The Brain

FDG and Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S16) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Mintun
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Excitatory Activity ◽  
The Brain

For over 20 years, researchers have used the tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. FDG PET imaging has been utilized to study the characteristic metabolic changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and as more molecular imaging tracers become available for human research, PET will likely assume many new roles for investigating more specific abnormalities, such as amyloid deposition, in the future.FDG is a glucose analog that images glucose metabolism and also illustrates neural firing. Different synapse activity, particularly excitatory activity from glutamate release, appears to change FDG uptake. AD will affect both brain infrastructure by decreasing the amount of cell bodies and synapses as well as decreasing synaptic activity, which are both changes that decrease the amount of FDG. AD is not a perfectly uniform process, and this is reflected by distinct progressive patterns of decreased FDG and decreased metabolism across different regions of the brain.FDG enters the brain via blood flow, and then into brain tissue by both diffusion and facilitated transport. Once it enters the glia and neurons, FDG can be phosphorylated, a step that is essentially irreversible, but then cannot be processed further by the cells, effectively trapping the FDG in situ. The amount of trapping that occurs in the brain over the first 10–20 minutes is very high and constitutes over 80% of the uptake. Thus, after the first 10–20 minutes uptake phase, a pattern of FDG emerges that mirrors the distribution of glucose metabolism in all subcortical and cortical structures.

scholarly journals A New Positron Emission Tomography Probe for Orexin Receptors Neuroimaging

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Bai ◽  
Sha Bai ◽  
Michael S. Placzek ◽  
Xiaoxia Lu ◽  
Stephanie A. Fiedler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Orexin Receptors ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Positron Emission Tomography

The orexin receptor (OX) is critically involved in motivation and sleep−wake regulation and holds promising therapeutic potential in various mood disorders. To further investigate the role of orexin receptors (OXRs) in the living human brain and to evaluate the treatment potential of orexin-targeting therapeutics, we herein report a novel PET probe ([11C]CW24) for OXRs in the brain. CW24 has moderate binding affinity for OXRs (IC50 = 0.253 μM and 1.406 μM for OX1R and OX2R, respectively) and shows good selectivity to OXRs over 40 other central nervous system (CNS) targets. [11C]CW24 has high brain uptake in rodents and nonhuman primates, suitable metabolic stability, and appropriate distribution and pharmacokinetics for brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. [11C]CW24 warrants further evaluation as a PET imaging probe of OXRs in the brain.

scholarly journals The 18-kDa mitochondrial translocator protein in gliomas: from the bench to bedside

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Janczar ◽  
Zhangjie Su ◽  
Isabella Raccagni ◽  
Andrea Anfosso ◽  
Charlotte Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain

The 18-kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is known to be highly expressed in several types of cancer, including gliomas, whereas expression in normal brain is low. TSPO functions in glioma are still incompletely understood. The TSPO can be quantified pre-operatively with molecular imaging making it an ideal candidate for personalized treatment of patient with glioma. Studies have proposed to exploit the TSPO as a transporter of chemotherapics to selectively target tumour cells in the brain. Our studies proved that positron emission tomography (PET)-imaging can contribute to predict progression of patients with glioma and that molecular imaging with TSPO-specific ligands is suitable to stratify patients in view of TSPO-targeted treatment. Finally, we proved that TSPO in gliomas is predominantly expressed by tumour cells.

Usefulness of positron emission tomography for differentiating gliomas according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Takei ◽  
Jun Shinoda ◽  
Soko Ikuta ◽  
Takashi Maruyama ◽  
Yoshihiro Muragaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pet Tracers ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVEPositron emission tomography (PET) is important in the noninvasive diagnostic imaging of gliomas. There are many PET studies on glioma diagnosis based on the 2007 WHO classification; however, there are no studies on glioma diagnosis using the new classification (the 2016 WHO classification). Here, the authors investigated the relationship between uptake of 11C-methionine (MET), 11C-choline (CHO), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on PET imaging and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status (wild-type [IDH-wt] or mutant [IDH-mut]) in astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors according to the 2016 WHO classification.METHODSIn total, 105 patients with newly diagnosed cerebral gliomas (6 diffuse astrocytomas [DAs] with IDH-wt, 6 DAs with IDH-mut, 7 anaplastic astrocytomas [AAs] with IDH-wt, 24 AAs with IDH-mut, 26 glioblastomas [GBMs] with IDH-wt, 5 GBMs with IDH-mut, 19 oligodendrogliomas [ODs], and 12 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas [AOs]) were included. All OD and AO patients had both IDH-mut and 1p/19q codeletion. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the tumor/mean SUV of normal cortex (T/N) ratios for MET, CHO, and FDG were calculated, and the mean T/N ratios of DA, AA, and GBM with IDH-wt and IDH-mut were compared. The diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing gliomas with IDH-wt from those with IDH-mut was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the mean T/N ratios for the 3 PET tracers.RESULTSThere were significant differences in the mean T/N ratios for all 3 PET tracers between the IDH-wt and IDH-mut groups of all histological classifications (p < 0.001). Among the 27 gliomas with mean T/N ratios higher than the cutoff values for all 3 PET tracers, 23 (85.2%) were classified into the IDH-wt group using ROC analysis. In DA, there were no significant differences in the T/N ratios for MET, CHO, and FDG between the IDH-wt and IDH-mut groups. In AA, the mean T/N ratios of all 3 PET tracers in the IDH-wt group were significantly higher than those in the IDH-mut group (p < 0.01). In GBM, the mean T/N ratio in the IDH-wt group was significantly higher than that in the IDH-mut group for both MET (p = 0.034) and CHO (p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the ratio for FDG.CONCLUSIONSPET imaging using MET, CHO, and FDG was suggested to be informative for preoperatively differentiating gliomas according to the 2016 WHO classification, particularly for differentiating IDH-wt and IDH-mut tumors.

Role of Positron Emission Tomography for Central Nervous System Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Status and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mauro ◽  
Gaetano Barbagallo ◽  
Salvatore D`Angelo ◽  
Pasqualina Sannino ◽  
Saverio Naty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Positron Emission

In the last years, an increasing interest in molecular imaging has been raised by the extending potential of positron emission tomography [PET]. The role of PET imaging, originally confined to the oncology setting, is continuously extending thanks to the development of novel radiopharmaceutical and to the implementation of hybrid imaging techniques, where PET scans are combined with computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] in order to improve spatial resolution. Early preclinical studies suggested that 18F–FDG PET can detect neuroinflammation; new developing radiopharmaceuticals targeting more specifically inflammation-related molecules are moving in this direction. Neurological involvement is a distinct feature of various systemic autoimmune diseases, i.e. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] or Behcet’s disease [BD]. Although MRI is largely considered the gold-standard imaging technique for the detection of Central Nervous System [CNS] involvement in these disorders. Several patients complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms [headache, epilepsy, anxiety or depression] in the absence of any significant MRI finding; in such patients the diagnosis relies mainly on clinical examination and often the role of the disease process versus iatrogenic or reactive forms is doubtful. The aim of this review is to explore the state-of-the-art for the role of PET imaging in CNS involvement in systemic rheumatic diseases. In addition, we explore the potential role of emerging radiopharmaceutical and their possible application in aiding the diagnosis of CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Direct incorporation of [ 18F] into aliphatic systems: A promising Mncatalysed labelling technique for PET imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cesarec ◽  
Jonathan A. Robson ◽  
Laurence S. Carroll ◽  
Eric O. Aboagye ◽  
Alan C. Spivey
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Labelling Technique ◽  
Porphyrin Complex ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Drug Substances ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Site Selective ◽  
Direct Incorporation

Background: One of the challenges in positron emission tomography (PET) is labelling complex aliphatic molecules. Objective: To develop a method of metal-catalysed radiofluorination that is site-selective and works in moderate to good yields under facile conditions. Methods: We report here on the optimisation of an aliphatic C-H to C-18F bond transformation catalysed by a Mn(porphyrin) complex. Results: The successful oxidation of 11 aliphatic molecules including progesterone are reported. Radiochemical Incorporations (RCIs) up to 69% were achieved within 60 min without the need for pre-activation or specialist equipment. Conclusion: The method features mild conditions (60 °C) and promises to constitute a valuable approach to labelling of biomolecules and drug substances.

scholarly journals Development of a blood sample detector for multi-tracer positron emission tomography using gamma spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Velasco ◽  
Adriana Mota-Cobián ◽  
Jesús Mateo ◽  
Samuel España
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Background Multi-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be accomplished by applying multi-tracer compartment modeling. Recently, a method has been proposed in which the arterial input functions (AIFs) of the multi-tracer PET scan are explicitly derived. For that purpose, a gamma spectroscopic analysis is performed on blood samples manually withdrawn from the patient when at least one of the co-injected tracers is based on a non-pure positron emitter. Alternatively, these blood samples required for the spectroscopic analysis may be obtained and analyzed on site by an automated detection device, thus minimizing analysis time and radiation exposure of the operating personnel. In this work, a new automated blood sample detector based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for single- and multi-tracer PET imaging is presented, characterized, and tested in vitro and in vivo. Results The detector presented in this work stores and analyzes on-the-fly single and coincidence detected events. A sensitivity of 22.6 cps/(kBq/mL) and 1.7 cps/(kBq/mL) was obtained for single and coincidence events respectively. An energy resolution of 35% full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) at 511 keV and a minimum detectable activity of 0.30 ± 0.08 kBq/mL in single mode were obtained. The in vivo AIFs obtained with the detector show an excellent Pearson’s correlation (r = 0.996, p < 0.0001) with the ones obtained from well counter analysis of discrete blood samples. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrate the capability of the detector to apply the gamma spectroscopic analysis on a mixture of 68Ga and 18F and separate the individual signal emitted from each one. Conclusions Characterization and in vivo evaluation under realistic experimental conditions showed that the detector proposed in this work offers excellent sensibility and stability. The device also showed to successfully separate individual signals emitted from a mixture of radioisotopes. Therefore, the blood sample detector presented in this study allows fully automatic AIFs measurements during single- and multi-tracer PET studies.

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