scholarly journals A New Positron Emission Tomography Probe for Orexin Receptors Neuroimaging

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Bai ◽  
Sha Bai ◽  
Michael S. Placzek ◽  
Xiaoxia Lu ◽  
Stephanie A. Fiedler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Orexin Receptors ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Positron Emission Tomography

The orexin receptor (OX) is critically involved in motivation and sleep−wake regulation and holds promising therapeutic potential in various mood disorders. To further investigate the role of orexin receptors (OXRs) in the living human brain and to evaluate the treatment potential of orexin-targeting therapeutics, we herein report a novel PET probe ([11C]CW24) for OXRs in the brain. CW24 has moderate binding affinity for OXRs (IC50 = 0.253 μM and 1.406 μM for OX1R and OX2R, respectively) and shows good selectivity to OXRs over 40 other central nervous system (CNS) targets. [11C]CW24 has high brain uptake in rodents and nonhuman primates, suitable metabolic stability, and appropriate distribution and pharmacokinetics for brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. [11C]CW24 warrants further evaluation as a PET imaging probe of OXRs in the brain.

Role of Positron Emission Tomography for Central Nervous System Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Status and Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mauro ◽  
Gaetano Barbagallo ◽  
Salvatore D`Angelo ◽  
Pasqualina Sannino ◽  
Saverio Naty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Positron Emission

In the last years, an increasing interest in molecular imaging has been raised by the extending potential of positron emission tomography [PET]. The role of PET imaging, originally confined to the oncology setting, is continuously extending thanks to the development of novel radiopharmaceutical and to the implementation of hybrid imaging techniques, where PET scans are combined with computed tomography [CT] or magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] in order to improve spatial resolution. Early preclinical studies suggested that 18F–FDG PET can detect neuroinflammation; new developing radiopharmaceuticals targeting more specifically inflammation-related molecules are moving in this direction. Neurological involvement is a distinct feature of various systemic autoimmune diseases, i.e. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] or Behcet’s disease [BD]. Although MRI is largely considered the gold-standard imaging technique for the detection of Central Nervous System [CNS] involvement in these disorders. Several patients complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms [headache, epilepsy, anxiety or depression] in the absence of any significant MRI finding; in such patients the diagnosis relies mainly on clinical examination and often the role of the disease process versus iatrogenic or reactive forms is doubtful. The aim of this review is to explore the state-of-the-art for the role of PET imaging in CNS involvement in systemic rheumatic diseases. In addition, we explore the potential role of emerging radiopharmaceutical and their possible application in aiding the diagnosis of CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Management of ocular tuberculosis(OTB): The role of CT and Positron Emission Tomography(PET) imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavina Manalan ◽  
Ilaria Testi ◽  
Bhavini Dixit ◽  
Yorissa Payadachee ◽  
Charanjit Sethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Ocular Tuberculosis ◽  
Positron Emission

Positive Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Pre-Transplant Had No Impact On Relapse and Survival After Allogenenic Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1999-1999
Author(s):  
Veronika Bachanova ◽  
Celalettin Ustun ◽  
Qing Cao ◽  
Froelich Jerry ◽  
Linda J Burns
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Pet Scan ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Abstract 1999 Allogeneic donor hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is increasingly used for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Positron emission tomography (PET) has become a standard for lymphoma evaluation and a valuable prognostic tool to risk-stratify treatment and time of the autologous HCT. Role of PET imaging in allogeneic HCT setting is controversial. We sought to investigate the value of PET status pre-transplantation and at day 100 post donor HCT as an indicator predictive of relapse and survival post allograft. Seventy-three patients (median age 50 years [range 2–69 years]) with NHL received allogeneic HCT at University of Minnesota from 2004–2010 and had PET imaging within 4 weeks pre-transplant. All PET and CT images were reviewed centrally by nuclear medicine radiologist. Follicular lymphoma (n=26) was more common than large cell, mantle cell lymphoma and others. PET scan pre-transplant was positive in 44 patients (PET+ group 57% vs PET- group 43%). Two thirds of PET+ group were in partial remission (PR), 7% CR and 16% were chemo-refractory prior to transplant compared to 25% in PR, 68% in CR and 7% refractory in PET+ cohort (p<0.01). Forty percent had PET-avid extra-nodal involvement. In both PET positive and negative groups the two thirds received reduced intensity conditioning and related donor (52% and 51%) or umbilical cord blood grafts (55% and 41%, respectively). 5-years disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of the cohort was 51% (95%CI 35– 64%) and 60% (95%CI 44–73%). DFS and OS of PET+ group was similar to PET- group (DFS: 50% vs 52%, p=0.31; OS: 63% vs 56%, p=0.63). In univariate analysis, the lymphoma subtype, disease status at transplant, extranodal disease, elevated LDH, high B2 macroglobulin or marrow involvement at the time of transplant had no impact on survival or relapse rate. At median follow-up of 3.33 years (range 1.00–6.74) the cumulative 2 year relapse rate was 17%; similar in PET+ and PET- groups (19% [95% CI 7– 31%] vs 15% [95% CI 1– 28%]; p=0.48). Transplant mortality at 1-year was low for entire cohort (11% [95% CI 3–18%]) and particularly low in follicular lymphoma (4% [95%CI 0–10%]) compared to DL/MCL (10% [95%CI 0–21%]) and other NHL (25% [95%CI 4–46%]; p=0.51). PET status (pos vs neg) had no impact on grade III-IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD. Fifty-four patients with available surveillance PET evaluation at day 100 post-transplant. The 1-year relapse rate and 5 yr DFS was significantly improved for those patient who were PET-negative (day 100 PET- vs PET+ group: relapse 9% vs 42%; p<0.01; DFS 57% vs 25%, p<0.01 and OS 68% vs 59%, p=0.63). In conclusion, pre-allo HCT PET scan for NHL does not predict transplant outcomes, however negative PET scan 100 days post-allo SCT is a valuable tool predictive of superior transplant DFS. Future studies evaluating role of PET in patients with specific lymphoma subsets and development of novel peri-transplant or post-transplant interventions for patients at high relapse risk are warranted. Disclosures: Off Label Use: decitabine for relapsed ALL vorinostat for relapsed ALL.

Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Meningioma in Clinical Practice

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frederick Cornelius ◽  
Karl Josef Langen ◽  
Gabriele Stoffels ◽  
Daniel Hänggi ◽  
Michael Sabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Meningiomas represent about 20% of intracranial tumors and are the most frequent nonglial primary brain tumors. Diagnosis is based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mainstays of therapy are surgery and radiotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is tested in clinical trials of phase II. Patients are followed clinically by imaging. However, classical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI have limitations. Hence, we need supplementary imaging tools. Molecular imaging modalities, especially positron emission tomography (PET), represent promising new instruments that are able to characterize specific metabolic features. So far, these modalities have only been part of limited study protocols, and their impact on clinical routine management is still under investigation. It may be expected that their extended use will provide new aspects about meningioma imaging and biology. In the present article, we summarize PET imaging for meningiomas based on a thorough review of the literature. We discuss and illustrate the potential role of PET imaging in the clinical management of meningiomas. Finally, we indicate current limitations and outline directions for future research.

scholarly journals Brain positron emission tomography with 2-18F-2-deoxi-D-glucose of patients with dystonia and essential tremor detects differences between these disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Belenky ◽  
Andrei Stanzhevsky ◽  
Olga Klicenko ◽  
Alexandr Skoromets
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Biochemical Difference ◽  
Brain Positron Emission Tomography

We studied patients with dystonia (D) and essential tremor (ET) using positron emission tomography (PET) equipped with Cortex ID software. This allowed PET brain visualisation to be compared to scans of a control group by means of the z-score. The study revealed hypo-metabolism in both D and ET groups, and additionally revealed a difference between these two groups of patients in certain areas of the brain. These two nosological forms overlap in clinical features and are difficult to differentiate. The PET picture may help to provide a differential diagnosis in addition to the biochemical difference in dopamine exchange previously revealed by us in this group of patients.

FDG and Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S16) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Mintun
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Excitatory Activity ◽  
The Brain

For over 20 years, researchers have used the tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. FDG PET imaging has been utilized to study the characteristic metabolic changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and as more molecular imaging tracers become available for human research, PET will likely assume many new roles for investigating more specific abnormalities, such as amyloid deposition, in the future.FDG is a glucose analog that images glucose metabolism and also illustrates neural firing. Different synapse activity, particularly excitatory activity from glutamate release, appears to change FDG uptake. AD will affect both brain infrastructure by decreasing the amount of cell bodies and synapses as well as decreasing synaptic activity, which are both changes that decrease the amount of FDG. AD is not a perfectly uniform process, and this is reflected by distinct progressive patterns of decreased FDG and decreased metabolism across different regions of the brain.FDG enters the brain via blood flow, and then into brain tissue by both diffusion and facilitated transport. Once it enters the glia and neurons, FDG can be phosphorylated, a step that is essentially irreversible, but then cannot be processed further by the cells, effectively trapping the FDG in situ. The amount of trapping that occurs in the brain over the first 10–20 minutes is very high and constitutes over 80% of the uptake. Thus, after the first 10–20 minutes uptake phase, a pattern of FDG emerges that mirrors the distribution of glucose metabolism in all subcortical and cortical structures.

scholarly journals The 18-kDa mitochondrial translocator protein in gliomas: from the bench to bedside

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Janczar ◽  
Zhangjie Su ◽  
Isabella Raccagni ◽  
Andrea Anfosso ◽  
Charlotte Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain

The 18-kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is known to be highly expressed in several types of cancer, including gliomas, whereas expression in normal brain is low. TSPO functions in glioma are still incompletely understood. The TSPO can be quantified pre-operatively with molecular imaging making it an ideal candidate for personalized treatment of patient with glioma. Studies have proposed to exploit the TSPO as a transporter of chemotherapics to selectively target tumour cells in the brain. Our studies proved that positron emission tomography (PET)-imaging can contribute to predict progression of patients with glioma and that molecular imaging with TSPO-specific ligands is suitable to stratify patients in view of TSPO-targeted treatment. Finally, we proved that TSPO in gliomas is predominantly expressed by tumour cells.

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