scholarly journals Parasites and parasitosis of the domestic animals : the zoölogy and control of the animal parasites and the pathogenesis and treatment of parasitic diseases /

1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Mott. Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities Developing Mathematical Models of Shared Pathogens of Domestic and Wild Animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Huyvaert ◽  
Robin Russell ◽  
Kelly Patyk ◽  
Meggan Craft ◽  
Paul Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Transmission Pathways ◽  
And Control

Diseases that affect both wild and domestic animals can be particularly difficult to prevent, predict, mitigate, and control. Such multi-host diseases can have devastating economic impacts on domestic animal producers and can present significant challenges to wildlife populations, particularly for populations of conservation concern. Few mathematical models exist that capture the complexities of these multi-host pathogens, yet the development of such models would allow us to estimate and compare the potential effectiveness of management actions for mitigating or suppressing disease in wildlife and/or livestock host populations. We conducted a workshop in March 2014 to identify the challenges associated with developing models of pathogen transmission across the wildlife-livestock interface. The development of mathematical models of pathogen transmission at this interface is hampered by the difficulties associated with describing the host-pathogen systems, including: (1) the identity of wildlife hosts, their distributions, and movement patterns; (2) the pathogen transmission pathways between wildlife and domestic animals; (3) the effects of the disease and concomitant mitigation efforts on wild and domestic animal populations; and (4) barriers to communication between sectors. To promote the development of mathematical models of transmission at this interface, we recommend further integration of modern quantitative techniques and improvement of communication among wildlife biologists, mathematical modelers, veterinary medicine professionals, producers, and other stakeholders concerned with the consequences of pathogen transmission at this important, yet poorly understood, interface.

scholarly journals Investigation of the spread of brucellosis among human and animal populations in southeastern Bulgaria, 2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Tzaneva ◽  
S Ivanova ◽  
M Georgieva ◽  
E Tasheva
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Results

Three human cases of brucellosis were reported in summer 2007 in the region of Haskovo in southeastern Bulgaria. Subsequently, the regional veterinary and public health authorities carried out investigations to determine the spread of infection in domestic animals and in the human population. As a result, over 90,000 animals were tested, and 410 were found infected with brucellosis. The screening of 561 people believed to have been at risk of infection yielded 47 positive results. The majority of these persons had direct contact with domestic animals or had consumed unpasteurised dairy products. The investigations revealed evidence of disease among animals in the region and a considerable risk to humans, thus emphasising the need for effective prevention and control programmes.

scholarly journals Prevalence Survey of Selected Bovine Pathogens in Water Buffaloes in the North Region of Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenevaldo Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Priscilla Nunes dos Santos ◽  
Gustavo Nunes de Santana Castro ◽  
Adivaldo Henrique da Fonseca ◽  
José Diomedes Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The North ◽  
And Control

Although the largest buffalo herd in the occident is in the north region of Brazil, few studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of selected parasitic diseases in buffalo herd. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiological ofToxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina,andBabesia bovisin water buffaloes in the north region of Brazil. A total of 4796 buffalo blood samples were randomly collected from five provinces and simultaneously analyzed by the IFAT and ELISA. The serological prevalence ofT. gondiiandN. caninumwas 41.3% and 55.5% in ELISA and 35.7% and 48.8% in IFAT, respectively. The overall prevalence ofA. marginale, B. bovis, and B. bigeminawas 63%, 25%, and 21% by ELISA and 50.0%, 22.5%, and 18.8% by IFAT, respectively. This study shows valuable information regarding the serological survey of selected bovine pathogens in water buffaloes in the north region of Brazil which will likely be very beneficial for the management and control programs of this disease.

A systematic review on modelling approaches for economic losses studies caused by parasites and their associated diseases in cattle

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Imran Rashid ◽  
Haroon Akbar ◽  
Liaquat Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Adeel Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
And Control ◽  
Financial Losses

AbstractParasites reside inside or outside their hosts and get host nutrition and blood. Here, we have emphasized economic losses in cattle caused by parasitic diseases due to ecto- and endo- parasites (flies, ticks, mites and helminths). We have outlined different methods/models including economic evaluation techniques and dynamic analysis as a major class, used for the calculation of economic losses caused by parasites in cattle. According to already conducted studies, a decrease in production is mentioned in quantity and percentage while financial losses are expressed in the form of account with respect to per head, herd or for the specific study area. The parasites cause the reduced production and financial losses due to control, treatment and mortality costs. We calculated the average decrease in milk production and organ condemnation as 1.16 L animal−1 day−1 and 12.95%, respectively, from overall cattle parasitic infections. Moreover, the average calculated financial and percentage losses were US$ 50.67 animal−1 year−1 and 17.94%, respectively. Economically important parasitic diseases mentioned here are caused by specific spp. of protozoans and helminths according to data collected from the literature. Protozoan diseases include tick-borne diseases, coccidiosis, neosporosis, trypanosomiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Losses due to tick-borne infections were encountered for decreased milk production, mortality, treatment and control. Losses from coccidiosis were due to decreased weight gain, treatment costs and mortality. While abortion losses were encountered in neosporosis. Trypanosomiasis caused losses due to a decrease in milk yield. Moreover, only diagnostic (conventional or molecular techniques) cost was taken into account for cryptosporidiosis. Economically important nematode parasites are Oesophagostomum spp., Cooperia spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides spp., Ostertagia spp. and Haemonchus placei. Due to the zoonotic importance of echinococcosis, Echinococcus granulosus is the most economically important cestode parasite. Losses caused by echinococcosis were due to organ condemnation, carcass weight loss and decreases hide value, milk production and fecundity. While, fascioliasis is one of the most economically important trematodal disease, which causes cirrhosis of the liver due to parasite migration, and thus, the organ becomes inedible. So, it would be helpful for farmers and researchers to approach these methods/models for calculation of parasitic losses and should adopt suitable measures to avoid long-term economic losses.

scholarly journals Taenia hydatigena cysticercosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from southern Italy: an epidemiological and molecular survey

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (14) ◽  
pp. 1636-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sgroi ◽  
Antonio Varcasia ◽  
Nicola D'Alessio ◽  
Paolo Varuzza ◽  
Francesco Buono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Hunting Dogs

AbstractTaenia hydatigena cysticercosis is a widespread parasitic disease of wild and domestic animals. In Europe, the increase in wild boar population may potentially contribute to the spread of this parasitic infection. To determine the occurrence of cysticerci (metacestodes) in wild boar population from southern Italy, carcasses were inspected during three hunting seasons (2016–2018). Out of 3363 wild boar examined, 229 (6.8%) harboured cysticerci with 188 (82.1%) infected by a single cyst, vs 41 (17.9%) boars having more than one. Most of the positive animals (187; 81.7%) showed cysts on the liver, whereas a multiple localization of cysticerci was reported in 10 (4.4%) wild boar. The total number of cysts retrieved from positive animals was 301 (average 1.3). Molecular analysis revealed the occurrence of a common haplotype (Hap 8) shared between wild boar and domestic animals. Our findings suggest the presence of a T. hydatigena semi-domestic life cycle in which wild boar may play an important role, due to a large number of offal available to hunting dogs, wolves and foxes during hunting seasons. Hunters may be players in the management of wildlife species to control and prevent the circulation of parasitic diseases.

Retrospective Study on Prevalence of Parasitic Diseases of Sheep Diagnosed At Katsina Zonal Veterinary Clinic (2012-2015)

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
Zainab Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Time Period ◽  
And Control

A four-year retrospective study was conducted to determine the distribution of parasitic diseases of sheep encountered at the zonal veterinary clinic katsina from 2012 to 2015. A total of 391 cases were recorded during the time period, out of which 115 cases of parasitic diseases were identified. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using descriptive statistics. The result indicated that the overall prevalence of parasitic diseases is 29.40%, with helminthosis (26.60%) as the most prevalent parasitic disease in the study area. Other parasitic diseases of sheep identified during the study are lousiness (0.77%), coccidiosis (1.53%), and tick infestation (0.24%). It is recommended that farmers should be enlightened on the menace of these parasitic diseases, with emphasis on routine deworming, and use of appropriate drugs for prevention and control of these parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals The development of an age structured model for schistosomiasis transmission dynamics and control and its validation for Schistosoma mansoni

1995 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Chan ◽  
H. L. Guyatt ◽  
D. A. P. Bundy ◽  
M. Booth ◽  
A. J. C. Fulford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
Age Structured Model ◽  
And Control

SummaryMathematical models are potentially useful tools to aid in the design of control programmes for parasitic diseases. In this paper, a fully age structured epidemiological model of human schistosomiasis is developed and parameterized, and used to predict trends in infection prevalence, intensity and prevalence of heavy infections over age and time during several rounds of mass and age targeted treatment. The model is validated against data from a Schistosoma mansoni control programme in Kenya.

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