scholarly journals Thinking, Deciding, Acting: Gaps and Relations

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aistė Diržytė
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Media ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Perceptual Distortion ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Effort Reduction

In the first part of this essay the author points to possible gaps and relations between cognitive (thinking, reasoning, decision making) and behavioural (acting) processes. Mainstream cognitive sciences assume that thinking might result in decision making which might result in acting: i.e. cognitive processes are related to behavioural processes. Perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is broadly called irrationality might lead to destructive behaviours on personal or societal levels. It is noted that some researchers focus on mediating/moderating factors and correlations between thinking, decision making and acting, while others focus on gaps. In the second part the author reviews the articles presented in this issue and questions as they have been discussed by others: heuristics as a method that uses principles of effort-reduction and simplification, hermeneutics of values based on Max Weber concepts, Bakhtin’s ideas on philosophy of the act and diachronic, dialogistic linguistic activities, phenomenology of solidarity implying that the acts determine experience of the world in modi ‘we’, Heidegger’s thinking, assuming the vital link between practical and ontological aspects of Heideggerian phenomenology, the evidence on theory and practice of new media and the development of concepts of creativity.

Constructive realism: In defense of the objective reality of perspectives

Human Affairs ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Madzia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
William James ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Constructive Realism ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Epistemological Position ◽  
Epistemological Realism

AbstractThe paper proposes an outline of a reconciliatory approach to the perennial controversy between epistemological realism and anti-realism (constructionism). My main conceptual source in explaining this view is the philosophy of pragmatism, more specifically, the epistemological theories of George H. Mead, John Dewey, and also William James’ radical empiricism. First, the paper analyzes the pragmatic treatment of the goal-directedness of action, especially with regard to Mead’s notion of attitudes, and relates it to certain contemporary epistemological theories provided by the cognitive sciences (Maturana, Rizzolatti, Clark). Against this background, the paper presents a philosophical as well as empirical justification of why we should interpret the environment and its objects in terms of possibilities for action. In Mead’s view, the objects and events of our world emerge within stable patterns of organism-environment interactions, which he called “perspectives”. According to pragmatism as well as the aforementioned cognitive scientists, perception and other cognitive processes include not only neural processes in our heads but also the world itself. Elaborating on Mead’s concept of perspectives, the paper argues in favor of the epistemological position called “constructive realism.”

scholarly journals Confidence as a diagnostic tool for perceptual aftereffects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regan M. Gallagher ◽  
Thomas Suddendorf ◽  
Derek H. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Subjective Uncertainty ◽  
The World ◽  
Subjective Confidence ◽  
Sensory Encoding ◽  
The Mind

AbstractPerceptual judgements are, by nature, a product of both sensation and the cognitive processes responsible for interpreting and reporting subjective experiences. Changed perceptual judgements may thus result from changes in how the world appears (perception), or subsequent interpretation (cognition). This ambiguity has led to persistent debates about how to interpret changes in decision-making, and if cognition can change how the world looks, or sounds, or feels. Here we introduce an approach that can help resolve these ambiguities. In three motion-direction experiments, we measured perceptual judgements and subjective confidence. Sensory encoding changes (i.e. the motion-direction aftereffect) impacted each measure equally, as the perceptual evidence informing both responses had changed. However, decision changes dissociated from reports of subjective uncertainty when non-perceptual effects changed decision-making. Our findings show that subjective confidence can provide important information about the cause of aftereffects, and can help inform us about the organisation of the mind.

scholarly journals عروض مختصرة

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (94) ◽  
pp. 192-183
Author(s):  
إيصال صالح الحوامدة
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Thinker

سلسلة التفكير وأنماطه (1-5)، رعد زروقي ونبيل محمد وإستبرق لطيف وجميلة سهيل، بيروت: دار الكتب العلمية، 2018م، 1888 صفحة. تنمية مهارات التفكير، عدنان يوسف العتوم وآخرون، عمان: دار المسيرة، 2018م، 360 صفحة. التفكير من الألف إلى الياء، نايجل واربرتون، ترجمة: هالة عباس وأسامة عباس، بيروت: مركز نماء للبحوث والدراسات، 2018م، 200 صفحة. تدريس 21 مهارة تفكير للقرن 21 وفق نموذج MiCOSA، كارول روبنسون – زانارتو وباتريشيا دوير وجاكلين بورتمان، ترجمة: ديالا حميدي، عمان: دار الفكر ناشرون وموزعون، 2016م، 336 صفحة. أثر مقاصد القرآن في حل مشكلات الأمة، سعود بن خالد آل سعود، الرياض: الجمعية العلمية السعودية للقرآن الكريم وعلومه، 2018م، 442صفحة واجب العلماء في قيادة الأمة، عبد الحي يوسف، القاهرة: دار اليسر، 2018م، 109 صفحة. سياسة المسلمين عبر القومية: إعادة تخيل الأمة، بيتر ماندافيل، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر، 2018م، 367 صفحة. تصورات الأمة المعاصرة: دراسة تحليلية لمفاهيم الأمة في الفكر العربي الحديث والمعاصر، ناصيف نصار، الدوحة: المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات، 2017م، 528 صفحة. التجسيم الحضاري من منظور التنمية المركبة- دراسة تطبيقية لمشروع مالك ابن نبي، ناصر يوسف، بيروت: مركز نماء للبحوث والدراسات، 2018م، 432 صفحة. التسخير الكوني للإنسان من السؤال إلى النظرية، مسفر بن علي القحطاني، القاهرة: دار المشرق، 2018م، 151 صفحة. إصلاح العلوم؛ فقه المعرفة السوسيولوجية بين التفكير الحسي والتفكير العقلي الإسلامي في فهم ودراسة الموضوع الاجتماعي، السعيد بولمزاود، عمان: دار زهران، 2017م، 386 صفحة. سوسيولوجيا الإسلام: المعرفة والسلطة والمدنية، أرماندو سالفاتوري، بيروت: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر، 2017م، 367 صفحة. جدل الدين والعلم في الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر: دراسة في مشروع إسلامية المعرفة، محمد مينار، عمان: دار الأيام للنشر والتوزيع، 2017م، 346 صفحة. الحكم وسياسة الأمة في القرآن الكريم، عاطف إبراهيم رفاعي، لاتفيا: نور للطباعة، 2017م، 520 صفحة. Facets Of Faith - Malek Bennabi and Abul A'la Maududi: The Early Life and Selected Writings of two Great Thinkers of the Twentieth Century, A. Sherif, Islamic Book Trust, 2018, 408 pages. Islam and International Relations: Contributions to Theory and Practice, Deina Abdelkader, Nassef Adiong & Raffaele Mauriello, London: Palgarve Macmillan, 2016, 232 Five Worldviews: The Way We See the World, Dr. Denise R Ames, New Mexico: Center for global awareness, 2017, 115 Imagining the Future: Insights from Cognitive Psychology, Edit by Karl K. Szpunar &Gabriel A. Radvansky, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2017, 212 The Critical Thinker: The Path To Better Problem Solving, Accurate Decision Making, and Self-Disciplined Thinking , Steven Schuster , United Kingdom: Routledge, 2017, 212 pages. للحصول على كامل المقالة مجانا يرجى النّقر على ملف ال PDF  في اعلى يمين الصفحة.

Innovation Challenges and Opportunities in Biopharma, MedTech, Digital Medicine, and Their Emerging Convergence: User & Patient Centric Applications in the “Pharma 3.0 Business Model Paradigm”

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur A Boni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Business World ◽  
Digital Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Patient Centric

In the first section of this monograph, titled “Bridging Theory and Practice for Commercialization and Innovation – a market-centered perspective for cross-industry applications”, we outlined a number of overlapping theories or models dealing with innovation. Theories, when well stated and proven, are basically statements of causality. Scientists and technologists use them all the time to predict physical or chemical phenomenon for example. However, whether or not we explicitly recognize them as such, theories also exist in the business world and can be useful as guides to behavior and decision making. These models serve as lenses through which “the world” is viewed and that enable predictions, or forecasts to be made. However, they may also act as “blinders”, limiting our ability to see that which may not fit into our existing models. As the famous statistician, George Box said in an often-repeated quote, “essentially, all models (theories) are wrong, but some are useful.”

scholarly journals Analysis of facial expression movements and the phenomenon of frontal asymmetry as the basis for automation of the research of hidden cognitive attitudes. Some basic remarks

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sołoducha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Frontal Asymmetry ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
The World ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Cognitive Attitudes ◽  
Opinion Polls

Abstract The aim of this text is to show how, using the achievements of modern computer science, psychology and neurobiology, we can search for an answer to the question about the a priori mechanisms of shaping a phenomenal image of reality given by experience. This phenomenalism statement is very close to, so called, Bayesian model of mind by Karl Friesen. The author asks how in massive scale to reach the cognitive processes taking place without representation, outside the field of consciousness, which influence the formation of this model of the world. The result of the consideration is to be a neuromachine project whose task will be to automate and mass research of hidden cognitive attitudes. Its activity is to become a real alternative to opinion polls performed in the paradigm of the so-called declarative sociology, which do not provide results significantly reducing the risk of decision-making in management.

An External Cognition Framework for Visualizing Uncertainty in Support of Situation Awareness

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1198-1202
Author(s):  
Olivia B. Newton ◽  
Stephen M. Fiore ◽  
Joseph J. LaViola
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interactive Visualization ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Enactive Cognition ◽  
External Cognition

This paper discusses an approach for the development of visualizations intended to support cognitive processes deemed fundamental in the maintenance of Situation Awareness under conditions of uncertainty. We integrate ideas on external cognition from the cognitive sciences with methods for interactive visualization to help cognitive engineering examine how visualizations, and interacting with them, alter cognitive processing and decision-making. From this, we illustrate how designers and researchers can study principled variations in visualizations of uncertainty drawing from extended and enactive cognition theory.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Medical Diagnosis from a Clinician’s Point of View

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
F. T. De Dombal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
The World

This paper discusses medical diagnosis from the clinicians point of view. The aim of the paper is to identify areas where computer science and information science may be of help to the practising clinician. Collection of data, analysis, and decision-making are discussed in turn. Finally, some specific recommendations are made for further joint research on the basis of experience around the world to date.

Coda: The Rosetta Stone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Digital Code ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Imagination ◽  
Origin Point

Hieroglyphs have persisted for so long in the Western imagination because of the malleability of their metaphorical meanings. Emblems of readability and unreadability, universality and difference, writing and film, writing and digital media, hieroglyphs serve to encompass many of the central tensions in understandings of race, nation, language and media in the twentieth century. For Pound and Lindsay, they served as inspirations for a more direct and universal form of writing; for Woolf, as a way of treating the new medium of film and our perceptions of the world as a kind of language. For Conrad and Welles, they embodied the hybridity of writing or the images of film; for al-Hakim and Mahfouz, the persistence of links between ancient Pharaonic civilisation and a newly independent Egypt. For Joyce, hieroglyphs symbolised the origin point for the world’s cultures and nations; for Pynchon, the connection between digital code and the novel. In their modernist interpretations and applications, hieroglyphs bring together writing and new media technologies, language and the material world, and all the nations and languages of the globe....

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