scholarly journals Post-natal development of EEG responses to noxious stimulation in pigs (Sus scrofa) aged 1–15 days

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Kells ◽  
NJ Beausoleil ◽  
MA Sutherland ◽  
CB Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Nociceptive Response ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Spectral Edge Frequency ◽  
Tail Docking

This study examined electroencephalographic (EEG) indices of acute nociception in pigs (Sus scrofa) aged 1, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 days, post-natal. Ten pigs per age were anaesthetised with halothane in oxygen and maintained at a light plane of anaesthesia. EEG was recorded bilaterally using a five-electrode montage. Following a 10-min baseline period, tails were docked using side-cutter pliers and recording continued for a further 5 min. Changes in the median frequency (F50), 95% spectral edge frequency (F95) and total power (PTOT) of the EEG were used to assess nociception. Tail-docking at one day of age induced no significant changes in the EEG spectrum. A typical nociceptive response, characterised by an increase in F50 and decrease in PTOT, was evident at ten days of age, with five and seven day old pigs exhibiting responses in either F50 or PTOT only. Pooling of data into ≤ 7 days of age and > 7 days of age revealed F50 was higher overall in the older group. Whilst PTOT decreased after docking in both groups, this response was larger and more prolonged in the older group. F95 increased after docking in the older pigs only. Overall, these data provide evidence of an increase in cortical responsiveness to noxious stimulation with increasing post-natal age, suggesting there may be qualitative differences in pain perception between age groups. Further, the data provide some support for current recommendations that tail-docking and other painful husbandry procedures be performed within seven days of birth in order to minimise their impact on animal welfare.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Concentrations of Halothane Anaesthesia on the Electroencephalograph of Rock Doves (Columba livia)

Birds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Heidi S. Lehmann ◽  
Ngaio J. Beausoleil ◽  
Kavitha Kongara ◽  
Preet M. Singh ◽  
Gabrielle C. Musk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Burst Suppression ◽  
Halothane Anaesthesia ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Fast Fourier Transformation ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Spectral Edge Frequency ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Halothane Concentration

Anaesthetic agents and doses used can significantly impact cerebrocortical responsiveness as assessed by electroencephalography (EEG). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different halothane concentrations on the EEG of Rock Doves using measures of frequency distribution and burst suppression. Eight healthy Rock Doves (Columba livia) were anaesthetized with halothane in oxygen, their tracheas intubated and their lungs mechanically ventilated. Five minutes of EEG were recorded at three multiples of minimum anaesthetic concentration (MAC), 1× MAC (1.6%), 1.5× MAC (2.4%) and 2× MAC (3.2%), presented in ascending then descending order. Fast Fourier transformation of the raw EEG record gave the median frequency (F50), spectral edge frequency (F95) and the total power (Ptot). Burst suppression, expressed as inactive compared to active EEG (%), was calculated on a representative two-minute section of the raw EEG. Data were analysed using repeated-measures one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc correction for comparison of 1×, 1.5× and 2× MAC. Three of eight birds demonstrated negligible (<1%) burst suppression. No effect of halothane concentration on burst suppression incidence was seen. A significant decrease in all measured frequency variables (F50, p = 0.04; F95p = 0.02; Ptotp < 0.0001) occurred between 1× and 2× MAC. Halothane anaesthesia at MAC multiples of 1×, 1.5× and 2× in the Rock Dove can be considered suitable where cortical responsiveness is desired.

scholarly journals Effects of Slaughter Positions on Catecholamine, Blood Biochemical and Electroencephalogram Changes in Cattle Restrained Using a Modified Mark IV Box

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Jurhamid Columbres Imlan ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
Yong-Meng Goh ◽  
Zulkifli Idrus ◽  
Elmutaz Atta Awad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Delta Waves ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

The proper slaughter positioning of animals is among the most crucial factors in animal welfare. The lateral position in Halal slaughter is a technique used around the world by Muslims, with a few practicing the upright position. The literature on the effects of slaughter in upright versus lateral positions on pain and stress is scarce. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of slaughter positions on blood biochemical parameters, plasma catecholamines, and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses. Twenty Brahman crossbred steers were subjected to slaughter in either lateral recumbency (LP) (n = 10) or an upright position (UP) (n = 10). There was a significant increase in adrenaline (p < 0.0001) and noradrenaline (p < 0.05) at T2 compared to T1 in the animals of both groups. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed in the median frequency (MF) and total power (Ptot) of EEG, parameters for pain and stress, between the animals slaughtered in the upright and the lateral position. However, MF and delta waves were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after slaughter in the UP group than in the LP group. The results demonstrate a lesser amount of stress and pain responses among the LP group.

Description and validation of an ECG removal procedure for EMGdi power spectrum analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Levine ◽  
J. Gillen ◽  
P. Weiser ◽  
M. Gillen ◽  
E. Kwatny
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Maximum Correlation ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Centroid Frequency ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Correlation Procedure ◽  
Power Standard

We describe a cross-correlation procedure for removing contaminating electrocardiogram (ECG) complexes from the diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi). First, the operator selects ECG templates from the EMGdi signal during expiratory intervals. Second, these templates are used to locate ECG complexes occurring during inspiratory EMGdi activity. Third, at the point of maximum correlation between the template and these ECG complexes, the template is adjusted in size and offset to “match” the ECG complex, and adjustments are determined by the linear regression coefficients. Finally, the modified template is subtracted from the EMGdi signal. To evaluate our method, we compared the power spectral density (PSD) obtained from processing EMGdi signals by our method with those obtained from the EMGdi signal in which ECG complexes had been removed by gating. Our results indicate that PSD obtained by these two different methods shows no statistically significant differences with respect to the following features: centroid frequency, median frequency, total power, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis.

scholarly journals Apparent diffusion in nucleus pulposus is associated with pain and mobility improvements after spinal mobilization for acute low back pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thiry ◽  
Francois Reumont ◽  
Jean-Michel Brismée ◽  
Frédéric Dierick
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Nociceptive Response ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Acute Low Back Pain ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

ABSTRACTPain perception, trunk mobility in flexion, extension, and lateral flexion, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) within nucleus pulposus of all lumbar discs were collected before and after posterior-to-anterior mobilization in 16 adults with acute low back pain. ADC was computed from diffusion maps and 3 specific portions of the nucleus pulposus were investigated: anterior (ADCant), middle (ADCmid), and posterior (ADCpost), and their mean as ADCall, a summary measure of ADC within nucleus pulposus. Pain ratings were significantly reduced after mobilization, and mobility of the trunk was significantly increased. Concomitantly, a significant increase in ADCall values was observed. The greatest ADCall changes were observed at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels and were mainly explained by changes in ADCant and ADCpost. The simultaneous reduction in pain and increase of water diffusion within nucleus pulposus has has been previously observed in subjects with chronic conditions and exists in the acute phase of the disease. Since the largest changes in ADC were observed at the periphery of the nucleus pulposus, and taken together with pain decrease, our results suggest that increased peripheral random motion of water molecules is implicated in the modulation of the intervertebral disc nociceptive response.

Step-down vs. step-up noxious stimulation: differential effects on pain perception and patterns of brain activation

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Choi ◽  
J. Kim ◽  
E. Kang ◽  
J.-H. Choi ◽  
W. Y. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Noxious Stimulation ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Step Down

scholarly journals Skull asymmetries in wild boar (Sus scrofa LINNAEUS, 1758)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. e150704
Author(s):  
Pere M. Parés-Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Perfect Symmetry ◽  
Left And Right

Organisms can develop different kinds of asymmetry when deviations from expected perfect symmetry occur. Among others are fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and directional asymmetry (DA). FA represents small random differences between corresponding parts on the left and right sides of an individual in bilaterally paired structures. It is thought that FA reflects an organism’s ability to cope with genetic and environmental stress during growth. DA occurs whenever one side on the plane of symmetry develops more than the other side, and has a genetic component. In this research, we examined the expression of morphological symmetry in 38 skulls of different age groups of wild boar (Sus scrofa), on their ventral aspect, using two-dimensional coordinates of 27 landmarks. Analyses showed the presence of significant FA and DA in the entire sample, detecting also distinctive differences between age groups. The obtained results show that the shape differences in different age groups could reasonably be a consequence of a response to environmental factors for FA and a masticatory lateralization for DA.

Bispectral index, spectral edge frequency 95%, and median frequency recorded for various concentrations of isoflurane and sevoflurane in pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria F. Martin-Cancho ◽  
Juan R. Lima ◽  
Laura Luis ◽  
Veronica Crisostomo ◽  
Luis J. Ezquerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Spectral Edge Frequency ◽  
Spectral Edge
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