scholarly journals arlige ord på fri fod. Åben debat og netværk på tværs af faglige og geografiske grænser er uomgængelige for at skaffe kvalificerede løsninger på den moderne idræts problemer.

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Sejer Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Organised Crime ◽  
External Control ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
Sports Governance

Artiklen omhandler sportsverdens problemer, at lukke op for kritik og debat. Jens Sejer Andersen: Dangerous wordsDue to lack of credible internal and external control mechanisms sport is vulnerable to organised crime and individual corruption. International sports organisations often react with threats and intimidation towards those who openly raise critical sports governance issues. The federations often settle in countries that are reluctant to monitor their business practices, and on the inside the sports organisations are marked by a family culture that seeks to suppress conflicts rather than debating and solving them in open democratic procedures. It is necessary to create networks across professional and geographical boundaries in order to help sport find solutions to its inherent governance problems.

Organizational Dependence: An Exploration of External Power Relationships of Companies

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Koot
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Active Control ◽  
External Control ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
External Power ◽  
Binding Mechanisms

The concept of dependence is developed by explication of the concept used in the Aston Programme, and by elaboration from new data. Data from a study of 66 companies in The Netherlands go beyond the Aston dependence scales to construct indices for three different types of commercial binding mechanisms as used by companies: (1) striving for active control of 'partners', (2) reacting to relations of dependence, and (3) safeguarding production rationality. Mintzberg's hypothesis regarding external control is tested and a new one regarding commercial ties and autonomy is offered. The existence of a large variety of interorganizational control mechanisms is em phasized.

scholarly journals Light-Powered, yet Chemically Fueled, Dissipative DNA Systems with Transient Lifecycles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Deng ◽  
Dominik Bezold ◽  
Henning J. Jessen ◽  
Andreas Walther
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
External Control ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Latent Energy ◽  
Autonomous Behavior ◽  
Adaptive Materials ◽  
Spatiotemporal Control

<div><div><div><p>Fuel-driven dissipative self-assemblies are gaining ground for creating life-like, active and adaptive materials with autonomous behavior. However, up to now there is a lack for simple external control mechanisms of the transient behavior of the steady-state properties, at best using high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we introduce the first examples of an externally controlled, chemically fueled transient self-assembly system that is ultimately powered using different colors of light. We demonstrate this concept for the programming of the transient lifecycle behaviors of ATP-dissipating, enzymatically controlled, dynamic covalent DNA polymerizations using controlled photolysis of properly designed caged ATP derivatives. Multiple uncaging, as well as wavelength-orthogonal activation are achieved by storing caged fuels as latent energy sources inside the system. We anticipate that this approach can be generalize to other ATP-dissipating self-assemblies and other chemical fuels to achieve versatile spatiotemporal control.</p></div></div></div>

Banks and Misconduct

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-250
Author(s):  
Richard S Collier
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Significant Incidence ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
The Impact

This chapter deals with the issues and implications of misconduct scandals involving banks and the inter-bank market. The discussion begins by surveying the significant incidence of misconduct by banks across the globe and then presents an explanation for this based on systemic features of the banking market. This includes an account of the impact of a number of profound changes to the banking business model which have taken place in the last half-century as banks have shifted to a highly transactional business model and discovered that tax systems around the globe present fertile opportunities for exploitation. The discussion includes an analysis of why it is considered that the banks’ internal and external control mechanisms have materially failed.

scholarly journals Light-Powered, yet Chemically Fueled, Dissipative DNA Systems with Transient Lifecycles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Deng ◽  
Dominik Bezold ◽  
Henning J. Jessen ◽  
Andreas Walther
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
External Control ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Latent Energy ◽  
Autonomous Behavior ◽  
Adaptive Materials ◽  
Spatiotemporal Control

<div><div><div><p>Fuel-driven dissipative self-assemblies are gaining ground for creating life-like, active and adaptive materials with autonomous behavior. However, up to now there is a lack for simple external control mechanisms of the transient behavior of the steady-state properties, at best using high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we introduce the first examples of an externally controlled, chemically fueled transient self-assembly system that is ultimately powered using different colors of light. We demonstrate this concept for the programming of the transient lifecycle behaviors of ATP-dissipating, enzymatically controlled, dynamic covalent DNA polymerizations using controlled photolysis of properly designed caged ATP derivatives. Multiple uncaging, as well as wavelength-orthogonal activation are achieved by storing caged fuels as latent energy sources inside the system. We anticipate that this approach can be generalize to other ATP-dissipating self-assemblies and other chemical fuels to achieve versatile spatiotemporal control.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Regulatory agencies and creative accounting practices in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
Paul Olojede ◽  
Francis Iyoha ◽  
Ben-Caleb Egbide ◽  
Olayinka Erin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
External Control ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Creative Accounting ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Impact

Regulation and regulatory agencies are to serve as external control mechanisms to ensure that the financial statements provide a fair view of the company’s operating performance and financial position, free of any unethical practice and suitable for all stakeholders’ needs. Despite the increasing importance of regulatory agencies in enforcing compliance with the standards and laws, it occupies a limited space in accounting research. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of regulatory agencies on creative accounting practices. The study used descriptive and survey research design to achieve its aim. It employed a multi-stage sampling technique, also questionnaires were distributed among 405 respondents consisting of preparers of accounts, users of accounts, and regulators. Out of the number distributed, the respondents returned 241 copies, and all of them were found suitable. The study used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to analyze the data and test the hypothesis. The empirical findings showed that the regulatory agencies jointly show a significant impact on creative accounting practices, but the level of contribution to the overall impact by each regulatory agency varies. The study concludes that Nigeria’s regulatory agencies are weak and inefficient in enforcing compliance with the relevant rules. The study recommends that the institutional capacity of the regulatory agencies should be strengthened by enforcing compliance with financial reporting rules and regulation. Most of these agencies should develop capacity in the areas of manpower, information technology infrastructures, and funding. Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge Covenant University who has solely provided the platform for this research and has also fully sponsored the research cluster search for data across the country.

Beat-to-beat regulation of left ventricular function in the intact cardiovascular system

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (4) ◽  
pp. R962-R975
Author(s):  
B. K. Slinker ◽  
S. A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Function ◽  
Systematic Error ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Stroke Work ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Cardiac Pumping

A variety of regulatory mechanisms have evolved to control the heart's pump function because the cardiovascular system must continually adapt to the changing demands that body functions place on it. This regulation takes place through many physiological systems; however, fine adjustments in cardiac pumping probably require adaptations more quickly than external control mechanisms (such as the autonomic nervous system) can compensate. Thus cardiac pumping is also regulated by mechanisms intrinsic to the heart. To better understand these intrinsic control mechanisms, we studied the beat-to-beat response of left ventricular function to continually varying changes in loading conditions produced by transiently occluding the pulmonary artery, venae cavae, and aorta. We used multiple linear regression to identify and quantify the important beat-to-beat determinants of left ventricular systolic function, quantified as stroke work. We could not adequately explain or predict beat-to-beat changes in stroke work with traditional determinants of ventricular function, preload, afterload, and heart rate, because a large systematic error remains after taking these traditional determinants of function into account. To eliminate this systematic error, we had to include some function of previous beat stroke volume and end-systolic size and pressure. This additional information significantly improved both our ability to model the observed transient changes in left ventricular stroke work and to predict additional observations that were not used to develop our model. We conclude that previous beat contraction history is an important determinant of left ventricular function and implies an important regulatory mechanism whereby the left ventricle can fine tune its function from beat to beat in response to continually changing loading conditions.

The 1920 Farrow's Bank failure: a case of managerial hubris?

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hollow
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Witness Statements ◽  
Set Up

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which hubristic behaviour on the part of Thomas Farrow contributed to the downfall of Farrow's Bank in 1920. Design/methodology/approach – The article traces the way in which Thomas Farrow's behaviour changed over the course of his managerial career using primary sources obtained from various British archives, including: court records, witness statements, auditors' reports, newspapers, journals, and personal letters. The article then evaluates Farrow's actions in relation to the criteria outlined in Petit and Bollaert's “Framework for diagnosing CEO hubris” so as to assess how far he can be said to have become afflicted by managerial hubris. Findings – All the collected evidence points to the conclusion that Thomas Farrow had, by the time of the Bank's collapse in 1920, become afflicted by managerial hubris. This was reflected most clearly in the fact that he increasingly came to view himself as being somehow above and beyond the laws of the wider community. As a result, he felt little compunction about fraudulently writing-up the Bank's assets so as to cover the huge losses that his reckless investments had produced. Practical implications – The Farrow's Bank episode confirms that the probability of management hubris materialising is enhanced when external control mechanisms are either lacking or inefficiently applied. On top of this, the amateurish organizational set-up of the Bank also suggests that the likelihood of hubris syndrome developing is enhanced when organizations themselves grant too much discretion to their leaders. Originality/value – The paper breaks new ground by applying the latest management and psychology theories on the subject of leadership hubris to the field of financial management. Its value lies in the fact that it provides scholars and practitioners with an in-depth insight into how hubris syndrome can develop in organizational settings.

A driver visual attention model. Part 1. Conceptual framework

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark Lim ◽  
Tarek Sayed ◽  
Francis Navin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Visual Attention Model ◽  
Attention Model ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Attention Demand

This paper describes a driver visual attention model that gathers information based on a selective process so that events such as distractions can be modelled. This model contains visual information gathering capabilities and visual attention mechanisms based on subjective and objective factors. As the research focused on applicability, the model's framework was designed to be integrated as a component processor within a microscopic computer traffic simulation. The model determines visual attention using two mechanisms: internal and external focusing. The internal focusing mechanism is a proactive attention director. This subjective-based mechanism moves the head and eye to a general direction such that information relevant to the current task is actively searched for based on the driver's expectancy. The external focusing mechanism is a reactive attention director based on the characteristics of the objects within the driver's visual field. External control allows for distractions to be modelled, since irrelevant information may objectively demand higher attention than relevant information. For each visible object, these two control mechanisms determine its attention demand value (ADV). Visual information from the object with the highest ADV is then acquired. The ADV also plays a role in determining the information processing time and amount of attention allocated to driving. With the use of this model and its input of various internal and external variables, it is hoped that a variety of driver types with varying visual abilities (age-related, intoxicated) can be simulated within visually detailed environments.Key words: driver behaviour, visibility, driver visual attention, attention demand value, driver simulation models

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