scholarly journals Unge fodboldtalenters veje mod toppen - evolutionær eller strategisk talentudvikling?

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Krogh Christensen ◽  
Michael Sorgenfri Pedersen ◽  
Christian Stilling Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
National Team ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Modes Of Thought ◽  
Evolutionary Mode

Med udgangspunkt i en kvantitativ undersøgelse af fodboldspilleres vej mod toppen diskuterer artiklen tendenser i dansk elitefodbolds talentudvikling. Der kigges nærmer på den relative alderseffekt blandt spillerne og på den evolutionære og strategiske udviklingstankegangen. Mette Krogh Christensen: Young Football Talents’ Ways to the Top – Evolutionary or Strategic Talent Development? During the next four years the Danish government intends to spend 40 million Dkr. on talent development within Danish top-level sport. Like many other countries Denmark has chosen to use many resources on talent development in top-level sport expecting that the investment will »strengthen the exposure and increase the knowledge of Denmark« (The Danish Ministry of Culture, 2007). For that reason questions concerning how talent development in Denmark is managed and which modes of thought form the basis of talent development in top-level sport are highly topical. In this paper we will explore two modes of thought in Danish top-level football talent development: an evolutionary and a strategic mode of thought. An evolutionary mode of thought about talent development is characterized by giving a high priority to broad groups of talents as long as possible. The idea is that young football talents have the opportunity to develop in their own pace, to move in their well-known environments and to find their own peak compe186 tence (or qualification) after which experienced coaches select the footballers that they find appropriate. A strategic mode of thought about talent development is concerned with selecting and thinning out the broad group of talent at a much earlier stage. The selection is carried out on the basis of precise and distinct criteria and principles with the purpose of narrowing down the number of talents to a strategically selected group who are then given optimal conditions of development. The paper presents a retrospective, quantitative cohort study of 635 Danish youth football talents’ ways to the top (i.e. the national teams) from 1991-2006. The results showed among other things that relatively few talents from U/16 and U/17 national teams make their debut on the All-Denmark team, and that there is a massive flow of talents on the U/17 and U/18 national teams, which indicates an evolutionary mode of thought among the youth national team coaches. The results also showed a relative age effect among the younger talents, which might indicate a strategic mode of thought based on maturation as a performance determinant. On the background of the results from the study a pivotal dilemma in the investment in talent development in top-level sport is discussed: the dilemma between evolutionary and strategic talent development.

scholarly journals Relative Age Effect and Long-Term Success in the Spanish Soccer and Basketball National Teams

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina López de Subijana ◽  
Jorge Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
National Team ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Talent Selection

AbstractThe aims of this study were: i) to analyze whether relative age effect occurs in the athletes of the junior national teams and professional athletes in Spain in general and in soccer and basketball, and ii) to compare the long-term success of the players selected for the junior national team between these sports. The samples for this study were Spanish professional soccer (n = 461) and basketball (n = 250) players in the 2013-2014 premier league and players from the junior Spanish soccer (i.e., n = 273; U-17: n = 107; U-19: n = 166) and basketball (i.e., n = 240; U-18: n = 120, U-16: n = 120) teams that classified to play in the European Championships (from 2004 to 2013). Junior players (42.3%) were more frequently born in the 1st quarter of the year than the professional players (30.7%) (χ2(3) = 30.07; p = .001; Vc = .157). This was found in both basketball (χ2(3) = 12.2.; p = .007; Vc = .158) and soccer (χ2(3) = 20.13; p < .001; Vc = .166). Long-term success is more frequent in soccer, where 59.9% of the juniors selected for the national team played later in the premier league, while in basketball that percentage was 39.6% (χ2(1) = 14.64; p < .001; Vc = .201). On the other hand, 79.4% and 39.8% of the professional soccer and basketball players had been previously selected for junior national teams (χ2(1) = 60.2; p < .001; Vc = .386), respectively. The talent selection process should be reviewed as players born in the second half of the year have fewer opportunities to stand out.

scholarly journals The Relative Age Effect in Poland's Elite Youth Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystian Rubajczyk ◽  
Andrzej Rokita
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
National Team ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Biological Development

Abstract The relative age effect (RAE) is related to discrimination against youth athletes born in the last quarter of the calendar year. The current study presents research on the RAE in elite youth soccer players in Poland. Players in the Central Junior League (CLJ) finals represent 0.59% of the 25,756 players under 20 years old (U20). This study analyzed the post-game protocols of the CLJ knockout stage from the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons as well as the U17-U21 teams during 2015, including only players who played on the field for at least one minute (n = 395). The results revealed the existence of RAE in the examined groups ( CLJ 2013/2014, χ23 = 15.441, p < 0.01, CLJ 2014/2015, χ23 = 20.891, p < 0.001 U17-U21, χ23 = 25.110, p < 0.001). In addition, the results differed by monthly birth distribution in the Polish population (PP) between 1995 and 1999. This study is the first to examine the RAE in youth soccer in Poland. The occurrence of the RAE with regard to the most promising youth and national team players suggests that a similar effect exists among younger age categories. To reduce the RAE related to identifying soccer talent, tools should be implemented to optimize the player-selection process, such as those that consider the biological development of a player.

scholarly journals Relative Age Effect in UEFA Championship Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sixto González-Víllora ◽  
Juan C. Pastor-Vicedo ◽  
David Cordente
Keyword(s):  
Age Effect ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
National Team ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Levene Test ◽  
Smirnov Test

AbstractRelative Age Effect (RAE) is the breakdown by both age grouping and dates of birth of athletes. In the past 20 years the existence of this effect has been shown with higher or smaller impact in multiple sports, including soccer. The purpose of this study was to identify the existence of RAE in European soccer players. The sample included 841 elite soccer players who were participants in the UEFA European Soccer Championship in different categories. The professional category (n = 368), U-19 (n = 144) and U-17 (n = 145) were in 2012, and U-21 was in 2011 (n = 184). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Levene test recommended the use of nonparametric statistics. The results obtained by the square test (the Kruskal-Wallis test and Cohen’s effect sizes revealed the existence of RAE (χ2 = 17.829, p < 0.001; d = 0.30), with the size of their different effects depending on their category or qualifying round achieved by the national team and the existence of significance in the observed differences by category. Therefore, we could continue examining RAE which is present in elite soccer, and could be considered a factor that influences performance of the national teams tested. RAE was not evident in the professional teams analysed, however it was present in the three lower categories analysed (youth categories), with its influence being greater on younger age categories (U-17).

Association between relative age effect and organisational practices of American youth football

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1146-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciera Jones ◽  
Amanda J. Visek ◽  
Mary J. Barron ◽  
Mark Hyman ◽  
Avinash Chandran
Keyword(s):  
Age Effect ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Youth Football

scholarly journals Efecto de la edad relativa en la élite del balonmano femenino español y su relación con aspectos antropométricos, de rendimiento y velocidad de lanzamiento.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Carmen Ferragut ◽  
Helena Vila ◽  
Juan J. Fernández ◽  
Miguel Ángel Saavedra García
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
National Team ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Subject

El efecto de la edad relativa es un aspecto de relevancia en el deporte en general y en balonmano en particular. Ha sido objeto de gran cantidad de estudios centrados mayoritariamente en deporte masculino. Los estudios sobre la edad relativa en balonmano femenino, no son tan numerosos, y no aclaran el efecto de la misma en esta modalidad deportiva. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la existencia del efecto de la edad relativa en jugadoras de élite de balonmano, así como valorar dicho efecto en función de variables antropométricas, de condición física y técnico tácticas (velocidad de lanzamiento). Han sido evaluadas 136 jugadoras de balonmano de los ocho primeros equipos de división de honor. Se ha encontrado un efecto de la edad relativa (con la prueba de chi-cuadrado) en las jugadoras de balonmano, sustentado por aquellas que formaron parte de los equipos nacionales. No se encontraron efectos de la edad relativa en las variables antropométricas, ni en las velocidades de lanzamiento con y sin interacción. La lateralidad y el Squat Jump (SJ), presentaron un efecto de la edad relativa. El efecto de la edad relativa es importante para llegar a la selección, pero para jugar en la máxima categoría el efecto de la edad relativa no es tan importante. Son necesarios más estudios sobre el efecto de la edad relativa en el balonmano femenino. Relative age effect is an aspect of relevance in sport in general and in handball in particular. It has been the subject of a great number of studies focused largely on men's sport. Studies on relative age in female handball are not so numerous, and do not clarify the effect of female handball on this sport. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the effect of relative age on élite handball players, as well as to assess this effect based on anthropometric variables, physical fitness and technical and tactical skills (throwing speed). 136 handball players from the first eight honour division teams have been assessed. A relative age effect has been found (with chi-square test) in the handball players supported by those included in national teams. No effects of relative age were found on anthropometric variables, nor on throwing speed with and without interaction. Laterality and Squat Juam (SJ) presented a relative age effect. Relative age is important to reach the national team, but to play in the highest category the effect of relative age seems to lose weight Further studies on the effect of relative age on women's handball are needed. O efeito da idade relativa é um aspecto de relevância no desporto em geral e no andebol em particular. Tem sido objeto de elevado número de estudos centrados em grande parte no andebol masculino. Os estudos sobre a idade relativa no andebol feminino, não são tão numerosos, e não clarejam o efeito da mesma nesta modalidade esportiva. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a existência do efeito da idade relativa em jogadoras de élite de andebol, assim como valorar este efeito em função das variáveis antropométricas, de condição física e técnico-táticas (velocidade de remate). Foram avaliadas 136 jogadoras de andebol das oito primeiras equipas da divisão de honra. Encontrou-se um efeito de idade relativa (foi usado o teste qui-quadrado) nas jogadoras de andebol sustentado pelas que participam nas seleções nacionais. Não se encontrou efeitos de idade relativa nas variáveis antropométricas, nem na velocidade de remate com e sem interação. A lateralidade e o Squat Juam (SJ) apresentaram um efeito de idade relativa. A idade relativa é importante para chegar às seleções, mas para jogar na categoria máxima o efeito da idade relativa parece perder significado. São necessários mais estudos sobre o efeito da idade relativa no andebol feminino.

Career patterns in German football youth national teams – A longitudinal study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Schroepf ◽  
Martin Lames
Keyword(s):  
Transition Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Career Patterns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
National Team ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect

The aim of this study was to identify career patterns in German youth national teams and investigate differences between the patterns in relative age effect and transition rate to professional senior football. Also, player transitions between age group levels were traced to identify squad politics of German Football Association. We examined all 636 youth national team players born between 1987 and 1994, who represented Germany between U16 and U21, as well as all senior national team players born in those age groups. We identified eight typical career types. It was found that youth national team careers lasting one or two years make up 60.5%, which shows a high fluctuation between age groups. Moreover, early and short youth national team careers mostly do not end in a professional career, while late and long youth national team careers more likely lead to a successful career in senior football. Regarding relative age effect, it could be shown that its effect size is highest the younger the age of the player is. Predominantly short careers and a high fluctuation between age groups evidence a short-term strategy in talent development by German Football Association selecting the momentary best players instead of searching for prospects.

scholarly journals Relative age and perceptions of soccer specific skills among elite youth players in Norway

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Tore Johansen ◽  
Ketil Østrem ◽  
Stig Arve Saether ◽  
Martin Kjeøen Erikstad
Keyword(s):  
Talent Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect

One common feature among the selected players in talent development programs are the well-known relative age effect (RAE), characterized by a skewed birth distribution among selected players with an over-representation of players born early in the selection year. The aim of the present study was to examine potential differences in soccer-specific skills between players selected for national talent program born in the first half of the year compared to the players born in the second half of the year. A total of 753 elite male U 14 (N = 363) and U 13 players (N = 390) from 16 of 18 soccer regions in Norway participated. The results showed players born early in the selection year considered themselves stronger and faster than late born players. Similar, coaches considered the players born early in the selection year as stronger than players born late in the selection year. Neither the players or coaches considered the early born players as technically, tactically and mentally better. Within a talent development program, we argue that coaches and recruiters should be aware of differences in relative age, and thus prevent that late born players must compensate their physical disadvantages to be allowed into such programs.

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