scholarly journals Tjenere, pryglestokke og kropslige lidenskaber

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Lasse Løvlund Toft
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Biblical Exegesis ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Apocryphal Acts ◽  
Patristic Literature ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
The Relationship

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to Gen 1:26–28, the human being was given rule over the animals, even though this apparently conflicts with the lived reality on earth. To judge from sources from the Early Church, this apparent dichotomy posed a serious challenge to the claim of the goodness of God, which had to be defended accordingly. The present article investigates different Early Christian views on the relationship between animals and humans. Through a series of Danish translations of extracts from eastern patristic writings from around the 4th century, it is argued that despite a certain diversity of argument, two different ‘zoologies’, or views on animals and on the human rule over especially wild animals appear. These views seem to revolve around the two Christian centres of theology and biblical exegesis of the time – Alexandria and Antioch. Insights from the readings of the patristic literature are subsequently used as a hermeneutical key in order to understand encounters between animals and holy persons found in other parts of the Early Christian literature, namely the apocryphal Acts of the Apos-tles, martyr literature and ascetic literature. The article ends with a view to the Western church. DANSK RESUME: Mennesket blev ifølge Gen 1,26–28 sat til at herske over dyrene – men stemmer dette overens med den erfarede virkelighed? At dømme ud fra oldkirkelige kilder udfordrede dette tilsyneladende modsætningsforhold den kristne forståelse af Guds godhed, som følgelig måtte forsvares. I denne artikel undersøges forskellige oldkirkelige forestillinger om forholdet mellem dyr og mennesker. Gennem en række oversættelser af uddrag fra skrifter skrevet af østlige kirkefædre omkring det 4. århundrede argumenteres der for, at der trods en vis diversitet i argumentationen grundlæggende viser sig to forskellige forestillinger om dyr, eller ‘zoologier’, og om menneskets herredømme over særligt vilde dyr. Disse forskelle synes at være mellem det alexandrinske teologisk-eksegetiske miljø og det antiokenske. Indsigter fra disse undersøgelser bruges desuden som hermeneutisk nøgle til forstå relationer mellem dyr og hellige personer i anden oldkirkelig litteratur såsom de apokryfe apostelakter, martyrlitteratur og asketisk litteratur. Slutteligt gives der et udblik til vestlige kirkefædre.

scholarly journals „Związać mocarza”: starcie Jezusa i Belzebuba. Starożytna egzegeza Mt 12, 29 oraz tekstów paralelnych

Vox Patrum ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bastit-Kalinowska
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
The One

Although Peter seems to echo the opinion commonly held when he says that Jesus „went about doing good” (Act 10, 38), Jesus was accused of „casting out demons by Beelzebub, the ruler of the demons” (Mt 12, 24). In answer, he pro­poses a very short parable, the one of the „Strong one” tied up to seize his goods (Mt 12, 29). The present article studies the influence of this verse in the early Christian literature. The victory of the Saviour over evil is interpreted as the result of a cosmic fight (Origen) or as the merciful redemption of the human being and his restoration and vivification by the Holy Spirit (Irenaeus).

A Decade of Research in Early Christian Literature, 1921–1930

1933 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Church History ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Patristic Literature ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
The Subject

In the present article, which continues the critical studies of the literature on Church History, published in this Review in 1921–1925, I cannot attempt to cover so wide a field as before, both because of my own advancing years and because, with the enormous yearly increase in the material, no single scholar is any longer in a position to treat it with adequate knowledge. I shall, therefore, limit myself to the field of patristic literature, the subject in which I won my spurs almost half a century ago and with which I have never ceased to occupy myself. Now that the literature of the countries formerly at war with Germany is again accessible to me, the survey can, as in old times, be international. In all these countries, especially in France and Belgium, the investigation of early Christian literature has in recent years had a powerful development, and Germany, under present economic conditions, in spite of unrelaxed industry, is in danger of falling into the rear.

scholarly journals The Holy Spirit and the early Church: The experience of the Spirit

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Van Oort
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Justin Martyr

Firstly, the present article explored the occurrence of special gifts of the Holy Spirit (charismata) both in the New Testament and in a number of early Christian writers (e.g. Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Tertullian and Augustine). Secondly, it indicated how this experience of special charismata exerted its influence on the formulation of the most authoritative and ecumenical statement of belief, viz. the Creed of Nicaea-Constantinople (381).

Gospel as News: ευαγγελ- from Aristophanes to the Apostle Paul

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN P. DICKSON
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Apostle Paul ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Literature

Against the contentions of a number of NT scholars, the present article aims to demonstrate that the apostle Paul's gospel language never refers to ongoing Christian instruction and only ever connotes announcements which are news to those who hear them. This conclusion, which is maintained even in connection with Rom 1.15, a key text for the ‘broad-ranging’ view of ευαγγελ-, is shown to conform to the wholly consistent usage of gospel terminology throughout Graeco-Roman, Jewish and early Christian literature: ‘gospel’ is news.

scholarly journals Euzebiusz z Heraklei i jego "Homilia efeska" (CPG 6143) z etiopskiej antologii patrystycznej Qerellos

Vox Patrum ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 807-819
Author(s):  
Rafał Zarzeczny
Keyword(s):  
Cyril Of Alexandria ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Core ◽  
Patristic Literature ◽  
Ancient Manuscripts ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
Council Of Ephesus

Classical oriental literatures, especially in Syriac, Arabic and Coptic lan­guages, constitute extraordinary treasury for patristic studies. Apart from the texts written originally in their ecclesiastical ambient, the oriental ancient manuscripts include many documents completely disappeared or preserved in their Greek and Latin originals in defective form only. The same refers to the Ethiopian Christian literature. In this context so-called Qerəllos anthology occupies a particular place as one of the most important patristic writings. It contains Christological treaties and homilies by Cyril of Alexandria and other documents, essentially of the anti-nestorian and monophysite character, in the context of the Council of Ephesus (431). The core of the anthology was compiled in Alexandria and translated into Ge’ez language directly from Greek during the Aksumite period (V-VII century). Ethiopic homily by Eusebius of Heraclea (CPG 6143) is unique preserved ver­sion of this document, and also unique noted text of the bishop from V century. Besides the introduction to the Early Christian patristic literature and especially to the Qerəllos anthology, this paper offers a Polish translation of the Eusebius’s Homily with relative commentary.

scholarly journals Die Irrglaube in Kolosse: Aanbidding van of met engele in Kolossense 2:18?

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus Kok
Keyword(s):  
Early Church ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Relationship

The Irrglaube in Colossae: Worshipping of or with angels in Colossians 2:18?In this article, the Colossian heresy will be discussed. This is, however, a very troublesome epistle to use in any assessment of a Pauline theme, due to the uncertainty of who the author of Colossians could have been, as well as the unclear nature of the heresy in question. The majority of scholars are of the opinion that the false teachers in the congregation encouraged the worshipping of angels (cf. Col 2:18). As it will transpire from the discussion, this is indeed the case when this verse is read in an objective genitive sense. This investigative discussion will help us to discern what part angels played in certain religious circles in the early church (for example as mediators of revelation). The link between the ἀγγέλων in Colossians 2:18, and the στοιχείων τοῦ κόσμου in Colossians 2:20, will also be investigated. In Colossians, the author presents Jesus as the crucified, cosmic Christ (see Col 1:15–20), which will help us to understand the early Christian reaction to heresies such as this one in Colossae, and investigate the relationship between angelology and Christology.

The Patristic Context in Early Grotius

Grotiana ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Silke-Petra Bergjan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Historical Comparison ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
Ancient Texts

AbstractThe use of patristic texts was tightly bound up with the needs of the contemporary discussion which provided Grotius with sources for his patristic citations. His use of ancient texts especially in Ordinum Hollandiae ac Westfrisiae pietas proved to be highly controversial.Grotius's advocacy of tolerance with respect to various forms of Christianity determines his use of patristic texts as well. He looks for examples of moderation in the Early Church and by this accomplishes a significant shift of perspective. He points out the diversity of expressions in the Early Church and therefore replaces questions of dogmatic definition with the question of how to handle orthodoxy and heresy in society. In doing so, he implies requirements for the proper reading of patristic texts in his own times. Grotius's notion of Christian liberty is connected to awareness of context and intrinsically linked to a historical understanding. In his writings, contextualisation involves both religious-historical comparison and the integration of general sources from antiquity. With regard to early Christian sources, this means that Grotius understands them as deeply rooted in the broader ancient context. This approach to early Christian literature is already visible in De Iure Praedae. His sensibility for cultural variation, his comparative method and historical interest in ancient institutions are outstanding, and Grotius has these characteristics in common with legal humanists like François Baudouin.

Origen, Plato, and Conscience (Synderesis) in Jerome's Ezekiel Commentary

Traditio ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Kries
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
Patristic Literature ◽  
The Relationship

Due especially to the pioneering work of Lottin, philosophers and theologians interested in the medieval discussion of the human conscience are today well aware that the Scholastic debate was framed principally in relation to two words, conscientia and synderesis. In the now classic formulation of the distinction between those two terms by Thomas Aquinas, synderesis is understood as the special habitus of the practical intellect whereby human beings know the basic principles of morality, whereas conscientia is the act whereby the practical reasoning powers of a human being apply the fundamental principles to the particular matter at hand. It is also generally acknowledged by scholars today that the argument about the relationship between conscientia and synderesis began many years prior to Thomas's work, that the medieval debate was originally spurred by the introduction of the strange term synderesis into the conversation, and that the term entered the discussion by means of an enigmatic passage in Jerome's Commentary on Ezekiel. Finally, most scholars acknowledge that the appearance of synderesis in the medieval manuscripts of Jerome's commentary is in all likelihood a corruption of the Greek word syneidēsis, which is the standard correlate in Greek Patristic literature for the Latin conscientia.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Bishop and Clergy on the Evidence of the Early Christian Sources of the Late 1st - 2nd Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Иоанн Кечкин ◽  
Василий Владимирович Равлик
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Judicial Power ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

В статье раскрываются исторические свидетельства древности о взаимоотношениях между предстоятелем и местной общиной в Древней Церкви. Было ли сосредоточение начальственных, учительных, богослужебных и судебных полномочий в руках епископов, с подчинением им прочих церковных степеней, естественным процессом выстраивания иерархии, с опорой на учение, завещанное Господом нашим Иисусом Христом и Его святыми апостолами, или же ход событий протекал иным образом, даже с попытками узурпировать власть? Попытка ответить на этот и другие вопросы будет предпринята в данной статье. The article reveals the ancient historical evidence about the relationship between the primate and the local community in the Early Church. Was the concentration of commanding, teaching, liturgical and judicial power in the hands of the bishops, along with the subordination of church ministers of other degrees to them, a natural process of building a hierarchy, based on the teaching bequeathed to the Church by our Lord Jesus Christ and His holy apostles, or was the course of events proceeding in a different way, even with attempts to usurp power? This ar- ticle makes an attempt to answer this and other questions.

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