scholarly journals The participation role of the researcher as a co-operative achievement

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Goico
Keyword(s):  
Social Ecology ◽  
Classroom Participation ◽  
Deaf Students ◽  
Mainstream Classrooms ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Participant Observer ◽  
Participation Frameworks

In this paper, I examine my role as a researcher doing video-based fieldwork in mainstream classrooms with deaf youths in Iquitos, Peru through the lens of participation frameworks that emerged within moments of situated interaction. While conducting video-based fieldwork, I attempted to primarily occupy the role of a passive participant-observer in order to capture the deaf students’ everyday interactions with minimal interference from the researcher. As I will develop in the paper, it is evident that my status within the classroom participation frameworks was dynamic. While I often was not attended to in the participation framework and positioned as a ratified overhearer of the unfolding interaction, my status could quickly shift as the students and teacher responded to my presence. Moments when my status in the participation framework changed make visible the various roles that I occupied in the classroom, from an observer, to a confidant, to an authority figure. Through interactional extracts, I illustrate how the roles that I occupy in the classroom social ecology are a moment-by-moment co-operative achievement between members of the class and myself.

Private Capital Participation: Choices and Constraints

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1915-1920
Author(s):  
D. Kinnersley
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Government Role ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Participation Frameworks

The scope for involving private capital participation in wastewater treatment and pollution control is attracting attention in a number of countries. After noting briefly some influences giving rise to this trend, this paper discusses frameworks in which such participation may be developed. In some aspects, there are choices available and it is essential to shape the private participation appropriately to the community's situation and problems, with due recognition of the hazards also involved. In other aspects, policy choices are more constrained, and there are requirements which it is suggested all private participation frameworks should provide for as clearly as possible. Effective private participation generally depends on re-designing and strengthening the role of government as the scale of its former role is reduced. Getting this re-design of the government role right is at least as important as making appropriate choices for format of private participation.

Friends of Rose Canyon

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
First Century ◽  
Grassroots Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
University City ◽  
Participant Observer ◽  
The Rose

Place-based activism has played a critical role in the history of urban and environmental politics in California. This article explores the continuing significance of environmental place making to grassroots politics through a case study of Friends of Rose Canyon, an environmental group in San Diego. Based in the fast-growing University City neighborhood, Friends of Rose Canyon waged a long, successful campaign between 2002 and 2018 to prevent construction of a bridge in the Rose Canyon Open Space Park in their community. Using historical and participant observer methodologies, this study reveals how twenty-first-century California urbanites claimed and created meaningful local places and mobilized effective politics around them. It illuminates the critical role of individual activists; suggests practical, replicable strategies for community mobilization; and demonstrates the significant impact of local activism at the urban and metropolitan scales.

Participant-Observation as a Method for Analyzing Avatar Design in User-Generated Virtual Worlds

2011 ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Jeremy O. Turner ◽  
Janet McCracken ◽  
Jim Bizzocchi
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Participant Observer

This chapter explores the epistemological, and ethical boundaries of the application of a participant-observer methodology for analyzing avatar design in user-generated virtual worlds. We describe why Second Life was selected as the preferred platform for studying the fundamental design properties of avatars in a situated manner. We will situate the specific case study within the broader context of ethnographic qualitative research methodologies, particularly focusing on what it means to live – and role-play - within the context that one is studying, or to facilitate prolonged engagement in order to have the research results accepted as trustworthy or credible (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). This chapter describes a case study where researchers can extract methods and techniques for studying “in-world” workshops and focus groups. Our speculations and research questions drawn from a close analysis of this case study will illuminate the possible limitations of applying similar hybrid iterations of participation-observation tactics and translations of disciplinary frameworks into the study of user-generated content for future virtual world communities. Finally, we will review the broader epistemological and ethical issues related to the role of the participant-observation researcher in the study of virtual worlds.

Interpreting Unfamiliar Languages

The Fixers ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 114-141
Author(s):  
Lindsay Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Cultural Identification ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Cultural Mediator ◽  
Complex Culture

This chapter looks at the labor of interpreting unfamiliar languages. Fixers place great emphasis on their role as translators, but they echo much of the recent scholarship on translation by indicating that the task of translating and interpreting is not a passive process. The very act of standing at the crossroads between two (or more) languages places news fixers in the role of cultural mediator, demanding that they live simultaneously within more than one linguistic expression of culture. Though some news fixers certainly conceptualize translation and interpreting as the process of building a bridge, they also suggest that the act of translation is fraught with moments of disconnection and miscommunication. Sometimes, the fixer might choose to translate a journalist’s question rather differently than the journalist intended, for instance, in order to assuage the anxiety of a source or an authority figure. Sometimes the fixer might leave some of the source’s response out of the translation, or paraphrase instead of translating word for word. Throughout the entire process of interpreting unfamiliar languages, the news fixer makes active decisions about what to say and how to say it. These decisions are typically guided by the fixer’s own understanding of both the source’s cultural identification, and the journalist’s. From news fixers’ perspectives, interpreting is much more than translating words—it is also a process of actively and creatively interpreting “culture,” however complex culture may be.

Supervision and Teaching

2012 ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Alfred J. Finch ◽  
John E. Lochman ◽  
W. Michael Nelson III ◽  
Michael C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Authority Figure

Chapter 7 discusses two competency areas that are important for some, but not all, clinical child and adolescent psychologists, which are providing clinical supervision to trainees or subordinate employees, and teaching students and trainees in college, university, or other educational settings. Depending on psychologists' work settings, they may be expected to spend some of their professional time in these activities, and it covers how the clinical child and adolescent psychologist will be placed in the role of providing information and facilitating learning, and in both cases there is a relationship between an authority figure (the psychologist) and a mentee (the clinical trainee or student) that must be carefully managed. It also addresses these two areas of professional activity, with reference to models of supervision and teaching, and to research on these topics.

“I Would Never Fall for That”: The Use of an Illegitimate Authority to Teach Social Psychological Principles

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Sally D. Farley ◽  
Deborah H. Carson ◽  
Terrence J. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Ambiguous Situation ◽  
Psychology Curriculum ◽  
The Mean

This activity explores attitudinal beliefs and behavioral responses of obedience to an illegitimate authority figure in an ambiguous situation. In Experiment 1, students either self-reported the likelihood that they would obey a request made by a stranger to surrender their cell phone or were asked directly and in person by a confederate to relinquish their cell phone. The exercise revealed a marked discrepancy between how students predicted they would respond and how they actually did respond to the request. In Experiment 2, student learning was measured in addition to obedience. Although students exposed to the exercise had similar gains in learning as those exposed to a control condition, the mean obedience rate was a compelling 95.7%. Furthermore, students self-reported a greater willingness to obey the commands of an authority figure after learning about the Milgram study than before, thereby acknowledging their vulnerability to authority. We discuss the role of Milgram’s study in the psychology curriculum and provide recommendations for how this exercise might assist understanding of myriad social psychological principles.

Jean Charlot and the Mexican Mural Renaissance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Charlot
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Mexican Art ◽  
Print Medium ◽  
Carnegie Institution Of Washington ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Participant Observer ◽  
Chichen Itza

That the Mexican mural renaissance is understudied is clear from the fact than not one of its artists has been the subject of a scholarly biography. Moreover, the movement as a whole has usually been viewed through nationalist prejudices and partisan interpretations. A current reevaluation uses the wedge of several hitherto marginalized artists who figure more prominently in documents and chronology than in popular history. Among them, Jean Charlot can be placed securely at the beginning of several major developments, which were continuations of his work in France. At the open air art school of Coyoacán, he helped the young teachers move from impressionism to a geometry-based postimpressionism more appropriate for mural composition. He introduced woodcut, which he had practiced in France and which became the print medium of choice for generations of Mexican artists. His first mural, The Massacre in the Main Temple, was important for its successful use of fresco—immediately adopted as the preferred medium by other muralists—and its dynamic geometric composition, an alternative to Diego Rivera’s static classicism in Creation. Charlot further broadened the thematic and stylistic options of the movement in a series of small oils and in the first studies of the indigenous nude. He continued to nourish his colleagues with the results of his work as an archeological draughtsman at the Chichen Itza expedition of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, DC. Charlot also participated in the notable collaboration between artists and writers in 1920s Mexico. Along with Manuel Maples Arce, he was on the two-man Direction Committee of the estridentista movement, illustrating books of poetry and joining group exhibitions. His writings are among the earliest discussions of contemporary Mexican art—publicizing the movement in Europe and the United States—and continue to influence interpretation today. His collections of documents and interviews, as well as his personal experience, became the invaluable basis of books like his The Mexican Mural Renaissance, 1920–1925 and numerous articles in several languages. His latest bibliography is 173 pages long. Charlot fulfilled the unique role of insider-outsider, participant-observer, in the Mexican mural renaissance.

THE AUTHORITY OF AN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TEACHER IN THE PERCEPTION OF CHILDREN AND PARENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Teresa Parczewska
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Education Teacher ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Social

Every person – regardless of place of residence, age, sex, or social status – needs an authority figure, someone they can trust, someone who serves as their source of inspiration and a beacon of hope. However, numerous contemporary researches point out to the existence of a crisis in terms of personal examples, the decline in the quality of education both at home and at school, and the worrisome rise in consumerist and egotistical attitudes which results in pathologies of various shape and form and consequently leads to the general deg¬radation of society. The social life transformations necessitate the introduction of changes to education and the image and authority of a teacher. The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of authority in education, show teacher as a figure of authority as perceived by pupils and their parents, and their expectations and preferences as well as to attempt to define the future of authority in the changing world.

scholarly journals An Ethnographic Investigation into a Series of Incidents on a Large Construction Project

10.29007/999r ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Construction Project ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Incident Investigation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Blame Culture ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Participant Observer

A series of incidents in a short period created cause for concern on a large construction project in the UK (+£500m). Incident investigations are one of the ways to learn about safety failings, so that remedial action can be put into place to avoid a recurrence. The researcher was a member of the H&S department, with the role of a participant observer during the incident investigation period. Data collection included: informal conversations with employees; attending safety and accident investigation meetings; viewing project documents; and attending the safety stand down that occurred. The case study findings revealed that a blame culture restricted information flow on the incidents; and consequently there was a focus on easily observable unsafe acts, and static unsafe conditions, providing a narrow rather than deep perspective. These acts and conditions, such as a lack of compliance with PPE, or a weather condition, were often difficult to manage. For safety understanding the project repeatedly used Heinrich’s (1931) seminal work as a foundation. However, this work is arguably outdated as it focuses on accidents on an individual rather than complex socio-technical level.

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