Teoretisk erkendelse og læring

The value and function of theoretical knowledge is an important and disputed issue, which has received surprisingly little scholarly attention. I attempt to clarify the notion of theoretical knowledge and examine its general relationship to learning. Theoretical knowledge is not necessarily distinguished by any particular content; the adjective “theoretical” can just as well signify a particular methodological approach or a way of dealing with a topic, including the way it is conceptualized. I further argue that theoretical knowledge can be merely implicit and non-propositional. Though I reject a radical constructivist view, according to which knowledge acquisition consists in socialization, it must be admitted that socialization and the acquisition of theoretical knowledge do turn out to go closely hand in hand, inasmuch as theoretical knowledge is often a precondition of successful socialization. Concepts, principles, models and symbolic systems support the acquisition of both theoretical and other kinds of knowledge, but also help the learner to find her way about in an environment that is already formed by theories and conceptual understandings. Theoretical knowledge is both a learning instrument and a tool for navigation

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Aproximación metodológica para la formalización de técnicas en Ingeniería de Requisitos [Methodological approach to formalization of techniques on requirements engineers]

Ventana informatica ◽

10.30554/ventanainform.32.1104.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Jenny Carolina Ramírez Leal ◽

William Joseph Giraldo Orozco ◽

Raquel Anaya Hernández

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Acquisition ◽

Requirements Engineering ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Software System ◽

Engineering Discipline ◽

Process Framework ◽

El Sistema

Desde el inicio de la ingeniería de Requisitos se han utilizado técnicas provenientes de diferentes contextos para obtener el conocimiento de los stakeholders y así definir los requisitos para el sistema software a construir. Este artículo presenta una propuesta metodológica para especificar de manera formalizada técnicas desde los contextos de la elicitación de conocimiento y la Comunicación, con el propósito de comprender como pueden ser aplicadas en la disciplina de ingeniería de Requisitos. Para lograrlo, se llevó a cabo cuatro etapas que permitieron definir la metodología, determinando así los niveles de granularidad de especificación de cada técnica. Con esta propuesta metodológica adaptada al marco de trabajo de Eclipse Process Framework Project (EPF) se construyó para los analistas o ingenieros de requisitos un catálogo con 24 técnicas, con el propósito de que estos usaran estas 24 técnicas en la elicitación de los requisitos de productos software y potencializar el proceso de comunicación. Encontrando que esta metodología de formalización logra ser flexible para ser incorporada en ella, cualquier otro tipo de técnica y facilitar su entendimiento.Palabras Claves: Adquisición de conocimiento, Ingeniería de requisitos, Metodología de formalización, Técnicas.Since the beginning of the Requirements engineering, techniques from different contexts have been used in order to know about this stakeholders and define the requirements for the software system to be built. This article presents a methodological proposal to specify, in a technical formalized way techniques from the contexts of the knowledge gathering (elicitation) and communication with the purpose of understanding how they can be applied in the Engineering Requirements discipline. To achieve the above, four stages that allowed defining the methodology were conducted determining in this way, the granularity levels specification of each technique. Having this methodological approach adapted to the frame of work of the Eclipse Process Framework Project (EPF) , a catalog of 24 techniques, was provided for Requirements analysts or engineers so that they will guide the implementation of these 24 techniques in the engineering discipline Requirements proving its value to potentiate the process of communication. Finding that this method of formalization happens to be flexible to be incorporated therein, any other technical and facilitate its understandingKeywords: Knowledge Acquisition, Requirements Engineering, Methodology formalization techniques.

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‘The Duty of Discontent’: Some Remarks on Pieter F. Craffert’s The Life of a Galilean Shaman: Jesus of Nazareth in Anthropological-Historical Perspective

Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus ◽

10.1163/17455197-01103006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 251-280

Author(s):

Christian Strecker

Keyword(s):

New Testament ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Historical Jesus ◽

Critical Scholarship ◽

Western Discourse ◽

The New Testament ◽

Scholarly Attention

This essay commends Pieter Craffert’s book “The Life of a Galilean shaman” as an important contribution in the field of Jesus studies. At the same time it reveals that Crafferts attempt to identify Jesus as a Galilean shaman is problematic, particularly considering the enigmatic nature of the category “shaman.” Western discourse on shamanism tends to contain an unwelcome mix of exoticism, alienation, and fascination; transferring this model to the life of Jesus is in danger of applying anachronistic and ethnocentric notions to the historical Jesus, not to mention the difficulties involved in verifying the supposed treatment of shamanic ASC-experiences in the New Testament texts. Although Crafferts new methodological approach of “anthropological historiography”, independent of the shamanism thesis, deserves scholarly attention, his employment of it shows an all too rigid, and ultimately counterproductive, rejection of classic historical-critical scholarship.

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The Net Generation and Changes in Knowledge Acquisition

Social Software and the Evolution of User Expertise ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2178-7.ch012 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 201-226

Author(s):

Werner Beuschel

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Knowledge Acquisition ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Social Software ◽

Net Generation ◽

High Expectations ◽

Software Applications ◽

Design Of Learning Environments ◽

New Generation ◽

Research And Design

This chapter uses a methodological approach to investigate research and design knowledge acquisition in the context of social software applications, an area cluttered by an ever-growing number of applications and high expectations about the capabilities of a new generation of young users, the Net Generation. Its objectives are twofold: to provide a rational point of departure for developing a research and design framework and to exemplify it for the use of social software in higher education. The chapter scrutinizes popular assumptions about the Net Generation, basing the framework on the interdependency of user audience and technology. The results of a longitudinal exploratory study for the area of social software use in higher education are presented. The final part of the chapter discusses implications for the design of learning environments and a number of ideas for further research on knowledge acquisition within the social software context.

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ON AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO USE THE COMBINED METHOD OF ALGORITHMIZATION AND REASONED LEARNING IN A MATHEMATICS COURSE

Bulletin Series of Physics & Mathematical Sciences ◽

10.51889/2020-2.1728-7901.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 104-109

Author(s):

B. Musilimov ◽

◽

Z.E. Musabekova ◽

Keyword(s):

Mathematics Teacher ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Teaching Mathematics ◽

Theoretical Knowledge ◽

Specific Topic ◽

Combined Method ◽

Specific Question ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

Modern Mathematics ◽

Modern Technologies

The proposed article substantiates an effective way to use the combined method of algorithmization and reasoned learning for reliable consolidation of theoretical knowledge and skills in mathematics and provides a specific example to demonstrate its effectiveness. The proposed methodological approach allows the student to organize and study independently more effectively, successfully engage in search, and thoroughly study a specific question of mathematics or a specific topic at their own discretion. In this regard, a modern mathematics teacher should know and possess modern technologies and methods of teaching mathematics, be able to effectively apply them in practice. The main methodological ideas proposed by the authors in this article can be successfully used to improve the General professional level of a student of any specialty.

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Charles V and the Fury at the Prado Museum

Eikon / Imago ◽

10.5209/eiko.73559 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 49-66

Author(s):

Mirko Vagnoni

Keyword(s):

Methodological Approach ◽

International Conference ◽

Charles V ◽

Bronze Sculpture ◽

The Future ◽

Social Use ◽

And Function ◽

Prado Museum

This is the text of the presentation “Charles V and the Fury at the Prado Museum: The Power of the King’s Body as Image” at the International Conference “El poder del la imagen en el Museo del Prado” (Madrid, December 12th-13th, 2017). By analysing the bronze sculpture Charles V and the Fury (Leone and Pompeo Leoni, 1549-1564. Prado Museum, Madrid), this paper aims to underline the necessity to study royal images in their context (with particular attention to their visibility) to understand better their social use and function. This type of methodological approach can be without any doubt very useful for the historiography in the overall analysis of the leader’s portrait and can stimulate new researches for the future and reformulate some of the traditional conceptions on this topic.

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Can exercise make our children smarter?

Annales Kinesiologiae ◽

10.35469/ak.2019.211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nenad Stojiljković ◽

Petar Mitić ◽

Goran Sporiš

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Brain Structure And Function ◽

And Function ◽

The Brain

Purpose. The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of exercise on the brain structure and function in children, and to analyze methodological approach applied in the researches of this topic. Methods. This literature review provides an overview of important findings in this fast growing research domain. Results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and interventional studies of the influence of exercise on the brain structure and function of healthy children are reviewed and discussed. Results. The majority of researches are done as cross sectional studies based on the exploring correlation between the level of physical activity and characteristics of brain structure and function. Results of the studies indicate that exercise has positive correlation with improved cognition and beneficial changes to brain function in children. Physically active children have greater white matter integrity in several white matter tracts (corpus callosum, corona radiata, and superior longitudinal fasciculus), have greater volume of gray matter in the hippocampus and basal ganglia than their physically inactive counterparts. The longitudinal/interventional studies also showed that exercise (mainly aerobic) improve cognitive performance of children and causes changes observed on functional magnetic resonance imaging scans (fMRI) located in prefrontal and parietal regions. Conclusion. Previous researches undoubtable proved that exercise can make positive changes of the brain structures in children, specifically the volume of the hippocampus which is the center of learning and memory. Finally the researchers agree that the most influential type of exercise on changes of brain structure and functions are the aerobic exercises.

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A review of musculoskeletal modelling of human locomotion

Interface Focus ◽

10.1098/rsfs.2020.0060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 20200060

Author(s):

Adam D. Sylvester ◽

Steven G. Lautzenheiser ◽

Patricia Ann Kramer

Keyword(s):

Inverse Dynamics ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Human Locomotion ◽

Biological Anthropology ◽

Human Form ◽

Single Male ◽

Musculoskeletal Modelling ◽

Form And Function ◽

Musculoskeletal Models ◽

And Function

Locomotion through the environment is important because movement provides access to key resources, including food, shelter and mates. Central to many locomotion-focused questions is the need to understand internal forces, particularly muscle forces and joint reactions. Musculoskeletal modelling, which typically harnesses the power of inverse dynamics, unites experimental data that are collected on living subjects with virtual models of their morphology. The inputs required for producing good musculoskeletal models include body geometry, muscle parameters, motion variables and ground reaction forces. This methodological approach is critically informed by both biological anthropology, with its focus on variation in human form and function, and mechanical engineering, with a focus on the application of Newtonian mechanics to current problems. Here, we demonstrate the application of a musculoskeletal modelling approach to human walking using the data of a single male subject. Furthermore, we discuss the decisions required to build the model, including how to customize the musculoskeletal model, and suggest cautions that both biological anthropologists and engineers who are interested in this topic should consider.

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Andronikos I Komnenos: Tyrant of Twelfth-century Europe

The Medieval History Journal ◽

10.1177/0971945818807276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 92-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Savvas Neocleous

Keyword(s):

Political Philosophy ◽

Twelfth Century ◽

Byzantine Empire ◽

Historical Events ◽

Great Insight ◽

Reign Of Terror ◽

And Function ◽

Meaning And Function ◽

Insight Into ◽

Scholarly Attention

Few, if any, rulers in twelfth-century Christendom received as much attention by contemporary chroniclers as the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos (1183–85). Even though Andronikos ruled for less than three years, his rise to power, reign of terror, downfall and gruesome death at the hands of the lynch mob of Constantinople struck contemporaries. In contrast to medieval chroniclers, modern historians have shown little interest in this emperor. While some scholarly attention has been paid to the Greek sources in order to reconstruct the historical facts of Andronikos’s reign, there has been little focus on the Greek historians’ perceptions and representations of their ruler. As to the relatively large number of Latin accounts of Andronikos’s reign, these have been either completely disregarded by historians or dismissed as ‘full of imagined conversations and romantic fictions’ and therefore as being of limited value for the reconstruction of historical events. All these accounts, however, are important, among others, in giving great insight into how a harsh and oppressive rule was viewed in both Byzantium and the Latin world in the late twelfth and early thirteenth century. This article examines accusations of tyranny against Andronikos expressed uniformly across Byzantine, French, German–Austrian and English accounts, and explores their meaning and function. To gain a greater appreciation of their significance, these accusations against the Byzantine emperor are subsequently cast against the backdrop of charges of tyranny levelled against other Christian rulers in twelfth-century Christendom. Therefore, the significance of this article extends beyond Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire to the evolution of many other strands of political philosophy of rulership in medieval European history.1

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