scholarly journals Current trends in orthognathic surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Hyung Joon Seo ◽  
Youn-Kyung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Cosmetic Outcomes ◽  
Set Up

Orthognathic surgery has steadily evolved, gradually expanding its scope of application beyond its original purpose of simply correcting malocclusion and the facial profile. For instance, it is now used to treat obstructive sleep apnea and to achieve purely cosmetic outcomes. Recent developments in three-dimensional digital technology are being utilized throughout the entire process of orthognathic surgery, from establishing a surgical plan to printing the surgical splint. These processes have made it possible to perform more sophisticated surgery. The goal of this review article is to introduce current trends in the field of orthognathic surgery and controversies that are under active discussion. The role of a plastic surgeon is not limited to performing orthognathic surgery itself, but also encompasses deep involvement throughout the entire process, including the set-up of surgical occlusion and overall surgical planning. The authors summarize various aspects in the field of orthognathic surgery with the hope of providing helpful information both for plastic surgeons and orthodontists who are interested in orthognathic surgery.

scholarly journals Russia’s Foreign Policy Evolution in the New Balkan Landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-199
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Entina ◽  
Alexander Pivovarenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Difference

The article reflects on the issue of the foreign policy strategy of modern Russia in the Balkans region. One of the most significant aspects of this problem is the difference in views between Russia and the West. Authors show how different interpretations of the events in former Yugoslavia in the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s predetermined the sense of mutual suspicion and mistrust which spread to other regions such as the post-Soviet space. Exploring differences between the Russian and the Western (Euro-Atlantic) views on the current matters, authors draw attention to fundamental differences in terminology: while the Western narrative promotes more narrow geographical and political definitions (such as the Western Balkan Six), traditional Russian experts are more inclined to wider or integral definitions such as “the Balkans” and “Central and Southeast Europe”. Meanwhile none of these terms are applicable for analysis of the current trends such as the growing transit role of the Balkans region and its embedding in the European regional security architecture. Therefore, a new definition is needed to overcome the differences in vision and better understand significant recent developments in the region. Conceptualizing major foreign policy events in Central and Southeast Europe during the last three decades (the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s), authors demonstrate the significance of differences in tools and methods between the Soviet Union and the modern Russia. Permanent need for adaptation to changing political and security context led to inconsistence in Russian Balkan policy in the 1990s. Nevertheless, Russia was able to preserve an integral vision of the region and even to elaborate new transregional constructive projects, which in right political circumstances may promote stability and become beneficial for both Russia and the Euro-Atlantic community.

scholarly journals Current trends in oxysterol research

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Griffiths ◽  
Jonas Abdel-Khalik ◽  
Thomas Hearn ◽  
Eylan Yutuc ◽  
Alwena H. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Th17 Cell ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Recent Developments

In this short review we provide a synopsis of recent developments in oxysterol research highlighting topics of current interest to the community. These include the involvement of oxysterols in neuronal development and survival, their participation in the immune system, particularly with respect to bacterial and viral infection and to Th17-cell development, and the role of oxysterols in breast cancer. We also discuss the value of oxysterol analysis in the diagnosis of disease.

scholarly journals Liquid repellency enhancement through flexible microstructures

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (32) ◽  
pp. eaba9721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songtao Hu ◽  
Xiaobao Cao ◽  
Tom Reddyhoff ◽  
Debashis Puhan ◽  
Sorin-Cristian Vladescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Type System ◽  
Laser Lithography ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Mechanical Metamaterials ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Flexible Supports ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Liquid Repellency

Artificial liquid-repellent surfaces have attracted substantial scientific and industrial attention with a focus on creating functional topological features; however, the role of the underlying structures has been overlooked. Recent developments in micro-nanofabrication allow us now to construct a skin-muscle type system combining interfacial liquid repellence atop a mechanically functional structure. Specifically, we design surfaces comprising bioinspired, mushroom-like repelling heads and spring-like flexible supports, which are realized by three-dimensional direct laser lithography. The flexible supports elevate liquid repellency by resisting droplet impalement and reducing contact time. This, previously unknown, use of spring-like flexible supports to enhance liquid repellency provides an excellent level of control over droplet manipulation. Moreover, this extends repellent microstructure research from statics to dynamics and is envisioned to yield functionalities and possibilities by linking functional surfaces and mechanical metamaterials.

scholarly journals Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ovarian and endometrial carcinoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (47) ◽  
pp. 1887-1893
Author(s):  
Sándor Valent ◽  
Orsolya Oláh ◽  
Levente Sára ◽  
Attila Pajor ◽  
Zoltán Langmár
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Gynecological Diseases ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Crucial Part

Transvaginal sonography has become a crucial part of the routine gynecologic examination. It offers now a great help in the diagnosis of almost all gynecological diseases. Transvaginal ultrasound means the first step in the diagnosis of the first two most common gynecological malignancies, and in many cases we are able to set up a diagnosis of its own. The purpose of this article is to emphasize the significant role of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of these two dieseases mentioned above, with summarizing the latest developments regarding the capabilities of sonography (Doppler-technique, three-dimensional ultrasonograpy). Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1887–1893.

scholarly journals Internal wave attractors in three-dimensional geometries: trapping by oblique reflection

2018 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 203-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pillet ◽  
E. V. Ermanyuk ◽  
L. R. M. Maas ◽  
I. N. Sibgatullin ◽  
T. Dauxois
Keyword(s):  
Internal Wave ◽  
Internal Waves ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Set Up

We study experimentally the propagation of internal waves in two different three-dimensional (3D) geometries, with a special emphasis on the refractive focusing due to the 3D reflection of obliquely incident internal waves on a slope. Both studies are initiated by ray tracing calculations to determine the appropriate experimental parameters. First, we consider a 3D geometry, the classical set-up to get simple, two-dimensional (2D) parallelogram-shaped attractors in which waves are forced in a direction perpendicular to a sloping bottom. Here, however, the forcing is of reduced extent in the along-slope, transverse direction. We show how the refractive focusing mechanism explains the formation of attractors over the whole width of the tank, even away from the forcing region. Direct numerical simulations confirm the dynamics, emphasize the role of boundary conditions and reveal the phase shifting in the transverse direction. Second, we consider a long and narrow tank having an inclined bottom, to simply reproduce a canal. In this case, the energy is injected in a direction parallel to the slope. Interestingly, the wave energy ends up forming 2D internal wave attractors in planes that are transverse to the initial propagation direction. This focusing mechanism prevents indefinite transmission of most of the internal wave energy along the canal.

scholarly journals The role of non-invasive ventilation in the management of type II respiratory failure in patients with myotonic dystrophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 00192-2020
Author(s):  
V. Rautemaa ◽  
M. E. Roberts ◽  
A. Bentley ◽  
T. W. Felton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Type 1 myotonic dystrophy (DM1) causes sleep disordered breathing and respiratory failure due to a combination of obstructive sleep apnoea, reduced central drive and respiratory muscle weakness. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is commonly used for treating respiratory failure in neuromuscular disease, however, there have been few studies assessing the role of NIV in DM1. The aim of this retrospective service evaluation was to investigate the impact of NIV adherence on hypercapnia and symptoms of hypoventilation in patients with DM1. Data on capillary pCO2, lung function, adherence to NIV and symptoms of hypoventilation were obtained from the records of 40 patients with DM1. Mean capillary pCO2 significantly reduced from 6.81±1.17 kPa during supervised inpatient set-up to 5.93±0.82 kPa after NIV set-up (p<0.001). NIV adherence reduced from 7.8 (range: 1.0–11.0) h/24 h during supervised inpatient set-up to 2.9 (0–10.4) h/24 h in the community. Overall 72% of patients used NIV <5/24 h during follow-up, including 11% who discontinued NIV completely. There was no correlation between adherence to NIV and changes in capillary pCO2. Patients who reported symptomatic benefit (50%) had higher adherence than those who did not feel benefit (p<0.05). In conclusion, in patients with Myotonic Dystrophy with type II respiratory failure maintaining adherence is challenging.

scholarly journals 3D RECONSTRUCTION AND PRESENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: AR AND VR EXPERIENCES AT THE MUSEO D’ARTE ORIENTALE DI TORINO

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 697-704
Author(s):  
R. Spallone ◽  
F. Lamberti ◽  
M. Guglielminotti Trivel ◽  
F. Ronco ◽  
S. Tamantini
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. For years, virtual reconstruction in the figurative arts, and sculpture, in particular, has been developing and consolidating. The workflow from the acquisition to three-dimensional modelling and to the integration of missing parts, has been optimized through processes entirely implemented in the digital dimension. The most recent developments in augmented reality and virtual reality technologies, together with the possibility of using low-cost and widely available devices, have made it possible to establish new links between the real and the virtual. The experiences presented in this paper comes up within the agreement between the Politecnico di Torino and the Museo d’Arte Orientale (MAO). The workflow set up for this research involves: structure from motion (SfM) survey, 3D modelling, and 3D philological reconstruction, then develops a proposal to implement augmented and virtual reality experiences aimed at the communication and fruition of the exhibits. The case study concerns two Japanese statues, and proposes their visualisation with the respective weapons virtually reconstructed, and through VR, involving the reconstruction of the interior space of a temple recognised as philologically compatible with the location of the statues within a statuary complex.

scholarly journals Inhibiting Monocyte Recruitment to Prevent the Pro-Tumoral Activity of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Chondrosarcoma

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Minopoli ◽  
Sabrina Sarno ◽  
Gioconda Di Carluccio ◽  
Rosa Azzaro ◽  
Susan Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Alternatively Activated

Chondrosarcomas (CHS) are malignant cartilaginous neoplasms with diverse morphological features, characterized by resistance to chemo- and radiation therapies. In this study, we investigated the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM)s in tumor tissues from CHS patients by immunohistochemistry. Three-dimensional organotypic co-cultures were set up in order to evaluate the contribution of primary human CHS cells in driving an M2-like phenotype in monocyte-derived primary macrophages, and the capability of macrophages to promote growth and/or invasiveness of CHS cells. Finally, with an in vivo model of primary CHS cells engrafted in nude mice, we tested the ability of a potent peptide inhibitor of cell migration (Ac-d-Tyr-d-Arg-Aib-d-Arg-NH2, denoted RI-3) to reduce recruitment and infiltration of monocytes into CHS neoplastic lesions. We found a significant correlation between alternatively activated M2 macrophages and intratumor microvessel density in both conventional and dedifferentiated CHS human tissues, suggesting a link between TAM abundance and vascularization in CHS. In 3D and non-contact cu-culture models, soluble factors produced by CHS induced a M2-like phenotype in macrophages that, in turn, increased motility, invasion and matrix spreading of CHS cells. Finally, we present evidence that RI-3 successfully prevent both recruitment and infiltration of monocytes into CHS tissues, in nude mice.

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