scholarly journals The Ambiguities of Disciplinary Professionalization: The State and Cultural Dynamics of Canadian Inter-war Anthropology

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract The professionalization of Canadian anthropology in the first half of the twentieth century was tied closely to the matrix of the federal state, first though the Anthropology Division of the Geological Survey of Canada and then the National Museum. State anthropologists occupied an ambiguous professional status as both civil servants and anthropologists committed to the methodological and disciplinary imperatives of modern social science but bounded and guided by the operation of the civil service. Their position within the state served to both advance disciplinary development but also compromised disciplinary autonomy. To address the boundaries the state imposed on its support for anthropology, state anthropologists cultivated cultural, intellectual, and commercially-oriented networks that served to sustain new developments in their field, particularly in folklore. This essay examines these dynamics and suggests that anthropology's disciplinary development did not create a disjunctive between professionalized scholarship and civil society.

scholarly journals Nazione e Stato nella storia d'Italia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Rogari
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

The book delineates the emergence of a unitary state from the bedrock of a nation formed over centuries. It retraces the major advances in the integration between the state and civil society achieved in the first fifty years after unification, and the disastrous consequences wrought by the First World War and by Fascism. It underscores the way in which the post-war democratic revival rewound the virtuous process of construction of a state capable of expressing the Italian "plural nation". Despite this, it also stresses the way in which the ethical deterioration and the corruption of the political and administrative class that came to a head during the last twenty years of the twentieth century have again brought to the fore the problem of the construction of shared institutions.

The Politics of the Family in Twentieth-Century Europe

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ginsborg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
Family Politics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Twentieth Century Europe

This article aims to offer a first overview of family politics in twentieth-century Europe. The term ‘family politics’ is here taken to imply not just family policies – what states do for, or to, families – but, more broadly, the relations between individuals, families, civil society and the state. Four different visions of family politics, at different moments of the century, are analysed in detail: that of the Bolsheviks in the early years of the Russian Revolution; that of the great dictators (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Franco) from the 1920s to the 1940s; that of Catholicism in the central decades of the century; and finally that of democracy, from 1945 onwards. It is argued that in each of these instances there emerges a strikingly different configuration of the relations in question (individual–family–civil society–state). For many of the Bolsheviks the family itself was the target of attack, while the individual was to be subsumed into a collectivised society. For the great dictators civil society was swiftly eliminated and the family was formally exalted, but the crucial relationships became those between the authoritarian state and regimented individuals. For the Catholic Church of Pius XII the principal menace to the Christian family was seen to come from the state on the one hand and individualism on the other; the family and an integrist society were to be the principal links of his chain. Democracy alone, albeit imperfectly, has held fast to all four elements, trying in different ways in different countries to strike a balance between them.

State and Civil Society: The Limits of a Royal Commission

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Commission Report ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Studies

AbstractThis study assesses the contribution of five of the research studies done for the Macdonald Royal Commission and of the opening chapter of the Commission Report to our understanding of the state. It examines the use of the term state, the economic and social functions that the latter is seen to perform, and the light that these studies may shed on such thorny topics as authority, legitimacy and citizenship in the late twentieth century. It concludes that, despite individual contributions of note, there are real limitations to what this Commission and its research associates tell us about the state.

Religion, Civil Society and the State in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-273
Author(s):  
J.P.S. Uberoi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Plural Society ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Religious Nation ◽  
Secular State

This chapter is a detailed analysis of the relations between religion, civil society and the state within the context of both medieval Hinduism and Islam in India. It considers the relations between Brahmin, King and sannyasi in the Hindu context and ethos and the concepts of sharia’t, tariqat, and hukumat within the Muslim one including the points of view of its various schools. The parallelism in the underlying structure of the two systems is clearly highlighted. The whole discussion is set in the context and concept, as generally agreed, of India today as multi-religious nation, a modern plural society and a federal secular state. Indian modernity is considered as a transformation of medievalism that finally led to the constitution of the Indian federal state.

Parties and the State

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Katz ◽  
Peter Mair
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One ◽  
Private Associations

For most of their history, political parties were understood to be external to the state. Particularly starting in the last quarter of the twentieth century, there has been an accelerating trend to redefine the relationships between parties and civil society on the one hand, and between parties and the state, on the other. Parties have been drawing away from society and moving toward the state. Parties often draw a large portion of their resources from the state in the form of subventions and are increasingly regulated by the state according to norms more generally associated with public entities than with private associations. The resulting similarity of regulatory and financial circumstances, and the expansion of partisan public offices shared by parties that are temporarily in office and temporarily out of office, both brings the mainstream parties closer to one another and blurs the boundary between parties and the state.

10. Civil Society

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Ottaway
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Developing World ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
International Assistance

This chapter examines the concept of civil society. During the 1990s, civil society was a relatively obscure concept familiar mostly to scholars of Marxism. It then evolved into a mainstream term freely used by social science analysts in general, and by practitioners in the international assistance field in particular. Several factors contributed to these developments, including the growing interest in the United States and many European countries in promoting democracy abroad at that time. The chapter first defines civil society before discussing traditional vs modern civil society. It then considers the rise of civil society as an entity separate from the broader society and from the state, along with the state-civil society relations in the developing world. Finally, it explores how the concept of civil society became an important part of discussions of democratization.

Socialism, Labor, and the State

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bevir
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Science ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Labor Party ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Concept

This concluding chapter explores the later roles of Marxism, Fabianism, and ethical socialism in the Independent Labor Party, the Labor Party, and the social democratic state. The dominant strand of socialism fused Fabianism with ethical socialism. It promoted a labor alliance to win state power within a liberal, representative democracy, and then to use the state to promote social justice. Later in the twentieth century, the rise of modernist social science altered the type of knowledge on which the Labor Party relied, with Fabian approaches to the state and policy giving way to planning, Keynesianism, and other formal expertise. Whatever type of knowledge the Labour Party relied upon to guide state intervention, it was constantly challenged by socialists opposed to its liberal concept of democracy and the role it gave to the state. These latter socialists often advocated the democratization of associations within civil society itself.

Institutional Amphibiousness and the Transition from Communism: The Case of China

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. L. Ding
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Science ◽  
The State ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
Conceptual Schema

In the practice of social science, the most conspicuous recent attempt at theorizing about nonconformity and protest in late communism rests on the conceptual schema of ‘civil society versus the state’. Based on a case study of the institutional basis of criticism of, and dissent against, communism in China, I contend that the dichotomous concept ‘civil society versus the state’. when used to explain the transition from communism, is applicable only in rare, extreme cases and misleading in most cases. Instead, I introduce the concept of ‘institutional amphibiousness’, stressing institutional parasitism and institutional manipulation and conversion. In most cases, institutional amphibiousness more adequately accounts for the dynamics of the erosion of communism than the concept of ‘civil society versus the state’.

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