scholarly journals BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE PLUM SEED WASP [EURYTOMA SCHREINERI SCHREINER (HYMENOPTERA: EURYTOMIDAE)]

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veselin ARNAUDOV ◽  
Rositsa DAVIDOVA ◽  
Viktor VASILEV
Keyword(s):  
Significant Degree ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Larval Control ◽  
Seed Embryo ◽  
Larva Development ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Pest

The plum seed wasp, Eurytoma schreineri Schr. is a new pest on plum trees in Bulgaria. It is a serious pest for plums in northeastern Bulgaria. This wasp attacks the fruits of various plum cultivars. Damage by E. schreineri on plums ranges from 26-92%. The damage percent depends upon bioecological conditions and on the susceptibility of the plum varieties. Late-flowering cultivars are the most sensitive, where the attack can reach up to 90-92% of Stanley cultivar. This is univoltine and overwinters as a fully developed larva within stones of the fallow fruit under the plum trees. During the spring, usually in early May, the adults go out of the fallen mummified fruits and after mating the females oviposit inside the newly formed plum fruit. The egg is inserted into the endosperm of the fruit before the formation of the stone. Incubation lasts about 20-22 days, and hatch begins about the time that the plum seed embryo becomes visible. Larva development is completed by the end of June or early July, then the larvae enter diapause and remain in this state for 1-3 winters. Locally penetrating insecticides, applied when the larvae begin to hatch, provide a significant degree of larval control.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Note-Taking Pairs Technique in Teaching Reading Comprehension

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Aisyah Aisyah ◽  
Ani Wahyu Anisa
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

The aims of this research are to find out whether the implementation of NoteTaking Pairs technique effective in teaching reading comprehension at junior high school. The method used in the research is quantitative method and the design is quasi experimental design. The sampling technique used in this research was random sampling. Two classes were taken as the subject namely experimental and control class. The data of test got from both experimental and control class was analyzed by T test formula. The result of calculation showed that t was 6.58, and t  with df  75 in account table the significant degree of 5% is 1.992. It means that t  is higher than t (6.58 > account table 1.992). The average of post-test in the experimental class was 81, while the KKM of English subject is 75. It can be concluded that Note-Taking Pairs Technique is effective in teaching reading comprehension at junior high school.

Immigration Policies in Portugal: Limits and Compromise in the Quest for Regulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Sabino ◽  
João Peixoto ◽  
Alexandre Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
Foreign Labour ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Structural Demand ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe main objective of this article is to describe the key elements of the making of immigration control policies in Portugal until 2007. First, the main policy initiatives and measures concerning the admission of foreigners are presented. Second, the mechanisms and difficulties surrounding the issue of immigration control are discussed, and a tension is identified between the structural demand for foreign labour and the measures taken for control. Third, the positions of the main political parties and of the most relevant stakeholders are highlighted. The evidence indicates that despite continued attempts to control immigration, the stated policy objectives are at odds with the outcome, characterised by endemic irregular migration. The factors hindering regulation are both internal and external, encompassing the economic, social, institutional and legal domains. Given the limits to control, policy-makers have sought to achieve a compromise by enacting frequent regularization programmes while seeking to improve admission and control. In this process, the main political parties have exhibited a significant degree of consensus, which may be partially accounted for by the convergence among the other stakeholders (employers, trade unions, Catholic organisations and immigrants' associations) and by the increasing, albeit contradictory, acceptance of immigration by public opinion.

А comprehensive assessment of the most promising varieties and forms of plum breeding in I. V. Michurin federal scientific center

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
R. Ye. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Plum Variety ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

The purpose of the research was a comprehensive assessment of plum varieties and forms and revealing the most promising for commercial use. Plantations laid in the city of Michurinsk, Tambov region. The assessment of plum plants for frost resistance was carried out in the middle of winter (II component). The artificial freezing of l year old shoots was made in January during 12 hours at -38 °C. The least subfreezing of the wood (2.8 and 2.9) was observed in elite form 22-29 and control variety “Etyud”, respectively. The moderate resistance of tissues (the degree of injury not over 3) was observed in “Vengerka Kursakova” variety and elite form 29- 136. The subfreezing level of vegetative buds in all studied varieties and elite forms did not exceed 2.5. The freezing at -38°C causes complete death of generative organs in all accessions. On the background of mass development of fungal diseases during the growing season 2016 because of high humidity and a deficit of positive temperatures and on the base of visual registration in field – the high resistant forms to Clasterosporium (“Vengerka Kursakova”) and to Monilia (22-29) were singled out. The intensity of fungal diseases in given accessions did not exceed 2 points. The highest productivity (7.43 t/ha) averagely during the years of investigations was found in “Vengerka Kursakova” variety and the data exceeded substantially the control one. The highest fruit weight occurred to be in “Radost” and “Artistichnaya” varieties with 40.3 and 40.8 g respectively and maximum values 51.7-52.3 g. The large-fruited group included the varieties “Etyud”, “Vengerka Kursakova” and elite form 29-136 where the maximum weight varied from 38.1 to 41.6 g. The varieties “Vengerka Kursakova”, “Dubravnaya”, “Artistichnaya” distinguished by sweet and sour fruit taste (tasting, assessment 4.4) and high commodity-consumer qualities of fruits. A promising plum variety “Vengerka Kursakova”, for use in industrial plantations of the Central Black Earth Region, was identified.

scholarly journals Biological Notes and Distribution in Southern Europe of Aclees taiwanensis Kȏno, 1933 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): A New Pest of the Fig Tree

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Priscilla Farina ◽  
Giuseppe Mazza ◽  
Claudia Benvenuti ◽  
Ilaria Cutino ◽  
Paolo Giannotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Fig Tree ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Pest

Ficus carica L. is one of the earliest cultivated fruit trees, and figs are a typical fruit of the Mediterranean diet and traditional medicine as well. In recent years, a new pest, the black weevil Aclees taiwanensis Kȏno, 1933 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) native to Asia, has been recorded in France and Italy. Aclees taiwanensis causes the rapid death of the fig tree by its larvae that dig alimentation galleries in the trunk and surface roots, compromising the phloem flux. In Italy, from 2005, the year of the first detection of A. taiwanensis, the fig production has nearly halved, decreasing from 20.09 t to 10.65 t. To date, no specific EU regulation has been applied to prevent the A. taiwanensis spread, and we can reasonably expect a rapid diffusion of this pest all over the Mediterranean area. To avoid the loss of the Mediterranean fig orchards, effective strategies to detect and control the black weevil are required. Such strategies need a detailed knowledge of A. taiwanensis distribution, biology, and physiology. This paper updates the known distribution of this species in Southern Europe, using a citizen science approach, and describes, under laboratory and field conditions, its main biological traits.

scholarly journals Agricultural biosecurity

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1492) ◽  
pp. 863-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K Waage ◽  
J.D Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Building Walls ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Pest

The prevention and control of new pest and disease introductions is an agricultural challenge which is attracting growing public interest. This interest is in part driven by an impression that the threat is increasing, but there has been little analysis of the changing rates of biosecurity threat, and existing evidence is equivocal. Traditional biosecurity systems for animals and plants differ substantially but are beginning to converge. Bio-economic modelling of risk will be a valuable tool in guiding the allocation of limited resources for biosecurity. The future of prevention and management systems will be strongly influenced by new technology and the growing role of the private sector. Overall, today's biosecurity systems are challenged by changing national priorities regarding trade, by new concerns about environmental effects of biological invasions and by the question ‘who pays?’. Tomorrow's systems may need to be quite different to be effective. We suggest three changes: an integration of plant and animal biosecurity around a common, proactive, risk-based approach; a greater focus on international cooperation to deal with threats at source; and a commitment to refocus biosecurity on building resilience to invasion into agroecosystems rather than building walls around them.

Skeletal Asymmetries of the Nasomaxillary Complex in Noncleft and Postsurgical Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanos Kyrkanides ◽  
Ron Bellohusen ◽  
J. Daniel Subtelny
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Anterior Nasal Spine ◽  
And Control ◽  
Skeletal Asymmetry

Asymmetries in the nasomaxillary skeleton are very common in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate postsurgical asymmetries of the nasomaxillary skeleton in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Included in this study were 36 complete cleft lip and palate subjects, along with 36 noncleft (control) subjects. Skeletal asymmetry, deviations of the anterior nasal spine, and the premaxillary area were compared by chronologic age and skeletal maturation in cleft subjects and controls. Comparison between cleft and control cases was assessed. Results indicated that skeletal asymmetry in unilateral clefts and controls peaks during the pubertal growth spurt. The anterior nasal spine and nasal septum always tend to deviate toward the noncleft side of the nasal cavity, although individual variation exists. Cleft subjects were found to be more asymmetric than noncleft subjects to a statistically significant degree.

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
P. Rebuffat ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
P. Vassanelli ◽  
G. G. Nussdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

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