Foreign Labor Migration Causes and Impacts in Nepal

This paper reflects the situation of foreign labour migration of Nepalese People. Globally, foreign labour migration is in increasing trends. In Nepalese context also foreign labour migration is being more important for employment mainly among unemployed people and youths who entered in labour force market. The number of foreign labour migrants and share of remittance in terms of GDP has increased. This article is based on secondary sources of information. The Global Commission on International Migration (GCIM) describes the driving forces in international migration in terms of “3Ds” (development, demography and democracy). In one side foreign labour migration has contributed to reduce poverty level and in other the income gap among migrants and non-migrants been increased. In addition, due to mail domination in foreign labour migration the role of women has been changed in households and society. It has contributed women empowerment mainly in male labour migrant’s households. Migration has occurred throughout history, and current trends certainly indicate that it will continue to increase in the future. The forces of globalization have created opportunities for greater integration of labour market globally.

Problems and Challenges of Foreign Labour Migrants

This paper is based on problems and challenges of foreign labour migration and the main aim of this paper is to identity the problems and challenges faced by migrant workers in the destination countries, and is based on five different manpower agencies. Information was collected through 255 respondents and respondent’s household’s information and descriptive and cross sectional research design and sample selection has been based on purposive method. About 37.3 percent foreign labour migrants want to go Malaysia and highest i.e. 29.4 percent respondents want to go foreign labour work by cause of poverty and 23.5 percent respondents by cause of unemployment. More than 90 percent respondents do not have any knowledge about right of foreign labour migrants. Total 163 respondents had returned from foreign labour migration; the highest 36.2 percent respondents are returned back from Malaysia. More than 55 percent foreign labour migrants stayed in foreign employment for 2-4 year and 35 percent returned migrants engaged in factory labour and 36 percent foreign labour returned migrants worked 12 hours. The highest i.e. 60.8 percent returned foreign labour migrants were sick of frequent fever and 58.8 percent foreign labour returned migrants had their treatment charge paid by their companies. Lack of information about the adequate the destination countries, poverty, unemployment, manpower agencies or agents’ exploitation, discrepancy in wages before and after departure, working condition and situation in the destination countries, language, environment, out off that work permit problems are the major problems in both origin and destination place. To promote the rights of migrant’s worker is major issue in present time. Foreign labour migration sending the large amount of remittance of Nepal, but they have not been able to utilize in productive sectors.

Disenchanting Socialist Internationalism: Polish Workers in Czechoslovakia and East Germany, 1962−91

This article seeks to paint a more nuanced picture of the role plaid by socialist internationalism in East Germany and Czechoslovakia regarding the employment of foreign labour, focusing on Poles. The long-term cooperation with Warsaw provides a suitable perspective on how to interpret particular periods and milestones of the schemes as a whole. The article partly dissociates from contemporary writing on the subject, which perceives socialist internationalism either as an instrument of propaganda, masking ruthless exploitation, or as a genuine value that inspired and permeated foreign labour recruitment. Based on documents from archives of all three countries in focus, it is argued that the schemes were clearly driven by the economic needs from the very beginning. Except for limited-scale cooperation with countries of the Global South, socialist internationalism came largely to the fore during the 1970s as a substitutional objective, when the economic goals of the foreign labour recruitment proved unreachable, and policymakers were at pains to reshape the meaning of the schemes (running already in full gear). However, with growing and unmanageable economic difficulties, the idealist rhetoric of internationalism plaid an ever more important role in framing the labour force cooperation until the end of communist regimes.

Japan's economy is poised for recovery

Significance In its wake, the cabinet under Prime Minister Fumio Kishida announced a record JPY55.7tn (USD490bn) economic relief package, billed as a step toward a 'live with corona' world in which the disease is endemic but does not disrupt the economy. Impacts Pent-up demand may increase sales of manufactured consumer goods. Restrictions on foreign labour will be eased, which will increase the foreign workforce once pandemic-related entry restrictions are lifted. Auto industry recovery and manufacturing revival more broadly also support a positive outlook as supply shortages appear to be resolving.

Identität und Sprache des Migranten in der Fremde im Werk von Franco Biondi

Seen from the point of view of literary-sociological studies, Franco Biondi’s works are part of the migrant and foreign literatures which emerged in Germany in the wake of the recruitment of foreign labour starting in the 1950s. This literature – written by authors who are not Germans in the sense of the old German nationality and citizenship legislation, but who live in Germany and have their works published in the German language area – was formerly called ‘guest-worker literature’. Then, in the 1980s, it was referred to as a literature of ‘shock and stunned silence’, and in the 1990s as ‘migrant literature’ or ‘literature of foreign parts’. The theme in Biondi ’s works is the break with origin and the process of ‘coming-to-language’ of the identity that is forming through the medium of language in the encounter with the foreign. Immigration for Biondi becomes immigration into a new language.

COMPARISON OF SKILLS BETWEEN SRI LANKAN AND FOREIGN CONSTRUCTION LABOUR

Construction significantly influences a country’s economy. The labour efforts are the lifeblood of construction operations. The construction industry has been facing many challenges due to skill shortages in many countries. This study aimed to compare the work-related skills of Sri Lankan labour against foreign labour forces. A qualitative study methodology was adopted through literature reviews and expert interviews to identify the labour skills which influence the productivity of construction operations. The interviews were conducted in two categories. The first category focused on identifying significant labour skills, the second category was conducted to compare the labour skills between Sri Lankan and foreign labour. Chinese, Indian, Bangladeshi, Nepalese, Saudi Arabian, Malaysian and Korean labour forces were considered in the pair-wise comparison process. Statement categories and codes were developed to perform this qualitative comparison. The overall results show the need of developing cognitive and self-management skills of Sri Lankan labourers, where the transferable skills are not much important. The study pointed up the importance of developing technical skills of Sri Lankan labour in concreting, bar bending, plastering, tiling, welding, electrical work and equipment handling, to reach the levels of leading foreign labour forces. Labourers’ commitment, punctuality, participation, self-motivation and problem solving were the significant self-management skills in this regard. Kappa statistics resulted in the inter-rater reliability of these findings at a substantial level. The study outcomes can be helpful for the skills development authorities to take actions for filling the skills gap, and also for some foreign construction sectors in similar scenarios

Pathways to permanency: citizenship and the temporary foreign worker program in Canada

The Canadian temporary foreign worker program (TFWP) has grown exponentially in recent years and Canada now accepts more temporary residents than permanent residents on a yearly basis. Employers are increasingly becoming reliant on foreign labour to maintain their competitive advantage in a global market while failing to address exploitation issues. This study will examine modern notions of citizenship based on the principle of jus domicile, applying it to the TFWP in Canada. I argue that jus domicile can be used as a legal basis for long-term policies toward pathways to optional permanency. This study will present a forward looking approach to the Canadian TFWP by providing long-term policy recommendations, by taking into consideration current policies at the federal and provincial levels, and by examining ways in which the Canadian labour market can permanently incorporate TFW’s.

Pathways to permanency: citizenship and the temporary foreign worker program in Canada

The Canadian temporary foreign worker program (TFWP) has grown exponentially in recent years and Canada now accepts more temporary residents than permanent residents on a yearly basis. Employers are increasingly becoming reliant on foreign labour to maintain their competitive advantage in a global market while failing to address exploitation issues. This study will examine modern notions of citizenship based on the principle of jus domicile, applying it to the TFWP in Canada. I argue that jus domicile can be used as a legal basis for long-term policies toward pathways to optional permanency. This study will present a forward looking approach to the Canadian TFWP by providing long-term policy recommendations, by taking into consideration current policies at the federal and provincial levels, and by examining ways in which the Canadian labour market can permanently incorporate TFW’s.

EU migrant retention and the temporalities of migrant staying: a new conceptual framework

Challenges of weak economic growth, population decline, and labour shortages led many countries across the world to introduce immigration policy changes in order to attract foreign migrants. This paper focuses on Japan (Tokyo) and the UK (Birmingham, Edinburgh and Glasgow) given common concerns over long term demographic trends and the burgeoning lack of labour supply in particular sectors of the economy through use of foreign labour. The paper shifts the focus from efforts focused on attracting and selecting foreign labour to the retention of such individuals. Drawing on research with EU migrants in Japan and the UK, the paper highlights how staying may occur after a period of mobility, rather than only being of relevance to those who never left their home region. The paper develops a new conceptual framework, which helps to identify different dimensions that shape migrant staying as a temporal process. It is highlighted how staying is shaped incrementally and facilitated or undermined over time in relation to the reciprocal importance of diverse assets, anchors and the changing biographies of migrants and the places in which they live – as well as the relational aspects of migrants’ ‘linked lives’.