scholarly journals CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION OF OMBUDSMEN IN ANTI-DISCRIMINATION COURT PROCEEDINGS

STED JOURNAL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Raosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Court Intervention

It is beyond any doubt that victims of human rights violations are rarely in position to initiate court proceedings fighting systematic discrimination themselves, which makes the role of human rights institutions indispensable. This specific mandate gives rise to numerous questions, such as: to what extent state institution takes the role of the legal representative, what capacities should it possess, on what basis it selects the cases meriting court intervention, is court intervention equally suitable in all areas of human rights protection and which analyzed model from Europe or wider has proved to be the most effective? Article offers analysis of court interventions in federal states with complex government structure and multiple institutions mandated with human rights protection, be it Ombudsmen Institution or Equality Body, court interventions in states with single human rights institution, comparative practice present in various European states, as well as interventions of human rights bodies before European tribunals. Author outlines the legal framework, human resources, and administrative structure that need to be provided, so that court interventions would have the desired effect and generate positive changes. In this process, it is of paramount importance to respect existing legal traditions and intrinsic practices, which proved their practical applicability over time, while any attempt to use legal transplants, with a goal of hastily unification of national legal orders and imposing transnational jurisdiction, can only produce confusion and countereffects.

Quasi-constitutional court of human rights for Europe? Comments on Geir Ulfstein

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
WOJCIECH SADURSKI
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Reason ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Short Comment

AbstractThis short comment offers two additional arguments, missing from Geir Ulfstein’s account, which may bolster the case for constitutionalisation of the ECtHR. The first is about the ‘pilot judgments’ through which the Court addresses systemic deficits in national legal systems and thus ensures a minimal synchronisation of human rights protection throughout the CoE system. The second manifestation of constitutionalisation of the ECHR system is the increasing role of the ECtHR in the implementation of its own judgments. Ultimately, the legitimacy for the constitutional ambitions of Strasbourg Court should be located primarily in the argumentative resources of the court and in its pursuit of ‘public reason’.

EU Asylum Law and Human Rights Protection: Revisiting the Principle of Non-refoulement and the Prohibition of Torture and Other Forms of Ill-treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Mink
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Asylum Law ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The principal objective of the article is to examine the EU legal framework and international law parameters of legal harmonisation processes in a specific field of human rights protection: asylum legislation. In particular, it is to provide an in-depth analysis of the compatibility of EU asylum legislation with existing international norms in relation to the principle of non-refoulement and the prohibition of torture and other forms of ill-treatment. It also aims at exploring the correspondence and controversies of relevant legal principles and norms under international law. Similarly, it attempts to provide an analysis of the incomplete and inefficient implementation of these international norms and principles by EU asylum law as well.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE GENERAL SUBJECTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION DURING COVERT INVESTIGATIVE (SEARCH) ACTIVITIES (ACTIONS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
А. А. Коваль
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Key Words Human ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection

This article analyzes the system of state bodies and officials who are more or less authorized (obliged) to ensure human rights, including in the conduct of covert investigative (search) actions. According to the tasks performed by each of such subjects, they are divided into two groups: general (those that determine the basis of domestic and foreign policy of the state and public administration strategy, have relevant coordination powers and solve constitutional and legislative strategic tasks in the specified area, or implement state policy in this direction, one of the powers of which is to approve or ensure human rights) and special (subjects of criminal proceedings who are directly involved in the appointment, conduct, and evaluation of the results of the CISA, and who are charged with the protection, protection (enforcement) of human rights in criminal proceedings, including the CISA. Key words: human rights, covert investigative (search) actions, guarantees of rights and freedoms, court investigative judge, participants in criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals Conscientious Objection to Abortion: A Comparative International Legal Framework

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Екатерина Вячеславовна Киселева ◽  
Ольга Сергеевна Кажаева
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Mutual Position ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
State Cooperation

В настоящем исследовании дается сравнительно-правовой анализ подхода к пониманию содержания и взаимного положения некоторых прав человека, связанных с искусственным прерыванием беременности, понимания, отраженного на универсальном уровне международно- правового сотрудничества государств в актах договорных органов защиты прав человека. Если по существу факт искусственного прерывания беременности поднимает правозащитные вопросы в отношении трёх субъектов (женщины, вынашивающей ребёнка, нерожденного ребёнка и врача, осуществляющего аборт или отказывающегося от проведения такового), то со стороны защиты прав человека речь ведётся почти исключительно о женщине, чья жизнь и материалистически понимаемые интересы приоритизируются над всеми остальными правозащитными аспектами. В настоящей работе сравнению подвергаются именно права различных субъектов, оказывающихся связанными через аборт, объем и защищенность этих прав международным правом. В качестве международно-правовой основы для сравнения взят Международный билль о правах человека. Тезисы авторов иллюстрируются двумя делами в отношении врачей, отказавшихся проводить процедуру аборта исходя из христианских убеждений в Польше и Аргентине, соответственно. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 18-011- 00292. This study provides a comparative legal analysis of the understanding of the content and mutual position of some human rights associated with artificial termination of pregnancy, the understanding reflected at the universal level of international legal inter-state cooperation in the acts of human rights treaty bodies. While, in essence, the fact of artificial termination of pregnancy raises human rights questions in relation to three subjects (a woman carrying a child, an unborn child and a doctor who performs an abortion or refuses to perform it), from the point of human rights protection, it is almost exclusively about a woman, whose life and materialistically understood interests are prioritized over all other human rights aspects. In this work, it is the rights of various subjects who find themselves bound through abortion, the scope and protection of these rights by international law, limited to the International Bill of Human Rights as an international legal basis for comparison are subjected to comparison. The authors illustrate their theses with two cases against the doctors who refused to carry out an abortion procedure for reasons of conscience in accordance with their Christian beliefs in Poland and Argentina, correspondingly. The article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research within the framework of research project № 18-011-00292.

scholarly journals HOW CAN THE HUMAN RIGHTS LEGAL FRAMEWORK ADDRESS THE VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS EXTRATERRITORIALLY?

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
M. Lazarenko ◽  
I. Chernohorenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
European Regional ◽  
Inter State

The armed conflict in Ukraine has been ongoing since 2014. As to date, the total number of recorded deaths has exceeded ten thousands civilians and combatants. Every day, i.e. during the present research, this number has been increasing. As outlined above, the European regional system of human rights protection, epitomised by the ECtHR, addresses this challenge within two interrelated tracks: individual and inter-State applications. The research focuses on landmark decisions of international, regional, and domestic courts in terms of human rights extraterritorially by way of establishing human rights duty-bearer jurisdiction outside states’ boundaries based on effective control test. It scrutinizes the jurisprudence of the ECtHR in terms of inconsistency between Bankovic and Aj-Jedda cases. In turn, the paper aims to model extraterritorial application of human rights law in Ukraine v. Russia inter-State applications (re Crimea and re Eastern Ukraine) based on Loizidou precedent as well as describes new forms of Russia’s violations of human rights in Crimea.

scholarly journals The Role of Ombudsman Institutions in Defending the Rights of Military Personnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Alexandru Stoian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Exclusive Jurisdiction ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Military

Abstract The Ombudsman type institutions are appointed to investigate individuals’ complaints against public authority and represent important actors in human rights protection system and in implementing democratic controls of the security system. These institutions have the task of interrupting human rights and the fundamental freedoms of armed force personnel, as well as ensuring the over-protection and prevention of defamation of armed forces. At the European level, the institutions of the Ombudsman are particularly important for ensuring the accountability of public authorities outside the contradictory environment of the courts. Ombudsman’s general institutions are mandated to receive complaints about all or almost all state organs, and their attributions concern all public services and government branches, including the armed forces. In addition, the ombudsman institutions with exclusive jurisdiction are independent and have exclusive jurisdiction over the armed forces, usually civilian and independent of the military command chain. Also, the Ombudsman institutions operating within the army can be identified and these are not completely independent, most often subordinated to the defense ministry and receive money from the defense budget.

European Court of Human Rights

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 309-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzius Wildhaber
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
International System ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
European Court ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Evolutionary Interpretation

SummaryThe aim of the European Court of Human Rights is to bring about a situation in which individuals are able to get effective guarantees of their rights within their national legal systems. With this in mind, the author reviews some of the recent developments in cases before the court relating to evolutionary interpretation of the provisions of the convention, the role of the separation of powers in ensuring the protection of freedoms under the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the notion of human dignity within the convention framework. The author also considers the growing case load before the court and the need for reform and concludes by pointing out that the European system is the most effective international system yet for securing human rights protection.

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