CRITERIA FOR PREDICTING BIOELECTRICAL PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN HEART UNDER VARIOUS STAGES OF ACUTE HYPOXIA

Despite much available information on the heart activity under acute normobaric hypoxia (ANH), there are no data on the leading ECG components and the criteria for predicting their deviations at various stages of ANH and depending on its duration. The aim of the paper is to determine the leading ECG components and the dependence of their deviations on the initial parameters at different stages of acute normobaric hypoxia and depending on its duration in a healthy person. Materials and Methods. The shifts in parameter indicators were determined in two groups of men (aged 18–26) under 20-minute mild (14.5 % O2, n1=30) and medium (12.3 % O2, n2=29) ANH. During the study the authors used 7 ECG parameters and oximetry. Statistica 10.0 software package was used for data processing. The authors determined normality of distribution, they also used factor analysis, correlation, and regression. Results. For all ANH degrees, the leading factor included QT, T1II, and (with one exception) RR. In case of mild ANH, the 1st factor was supplemented by P1II at the 5th minute of exposure, and in case of medium ANH at the 20th minute. The second most important factor in case of mild ANH was determined by BAR and RII at the 5th and 20th min and by BAR at the 10th min. In case of medium ANH it was supplemented by P1II at the 5th min, by RII and BAR at the 10th min, and by BAL at the 20th min. It was shown that in case of mild ANH P1II, RII, BAR, and RR deviations reliably depend on the initial parameters; for medium ANH, such dependence is observed for RR and QT at the 5th and 10th min, for RII at the 10th and 20th min, and for P1II at the 20th min. Conclusion. The main markers of heart bioelectrical processes under ANH are QT, T1II and RR, other parameters are variable. The availability to predict deviations of ECG parameters by their initial parameters depends on ANH stage. Key words: human, hypoxia, oximetry, electrocardiography, factorial, correlation, regression analysis. Несмотря на имеющиеся многочисленные сведения о деятельности сердца при острой нормобарической гипоксии (ОНГ), данные о ведущих компонентах ЭКГ и критериях прогнозирования их отклонений при разной степени ОНГ и в зависимости от ее длительности отсутствуют. Цель работы – определить ведущие компоненты ЭКГ и зависимости их отклонений от исходных величин при разных степенях острой нормобарической гипоксии и в зависимости от её длительности у здорового человека. Материалы и методы. С помощью ЭКГ (7 параметров) и оксигемометрии определены сдвиги их показателей у мужчин (18–26 лет) двух групп при легкой (14,5 % О2, n1=30) и средней (12,3 % О2, n2=29) ОНГ в течение 20 мин. Материал обработан с помощью программного пакета Statistica 10.0. Определяли нормальность распределения, применяли факторный анализ, корреляцию, регрессию. Результаты. При всех степенях ОНГ ведущий фактор включал QT, T1II и (с одним исключением) RR. При легкой ОНГ 1-й фактор на 5-й мин воздействия дополняется P1II, а при средней ОНГ на 20-й мин – P1II. Второй по весомости фактор при легкой ОНГ на 5-й и 20-й мин определяется BAR и RII, на 10-й мин – BAR, а при средней ОНГ на 5-й мин – P1II, на 10-й мин – RII и BAR, на 20-й мин – BAL. Показано, что при легкой ОНГ от исходных данных достоверно зависят отклонения P1II, RII, BAR и RR, при средней ОНГ такая зависимость наблюдается для RR и QT на 5-й и 10-й мин, для RII на 10-й и 20-й мин и для P1II на 20-й мин. Выводы. Основными маркерами биоэлектрических процессов сердца при ОНГ являются QT, T1II и RR, остальные параметры отличаются вариабельностью. Возможность прогноза отклонений параметров ЭКГ по их исходным величинам зависит от степени ОНГ. Ключевые слова: человек, гипоксия, оксигемометрия, электрокардиография, факторный, корреляционный, регрессионный анализы.

Temporary cardiointerval organization with varying degrees of acute normobaric hypoxia in a healthy person

The influence of acute normobaric hypoxia (ANH) on the male heart chronotropic effects was studied. Thus, a mild degree of ANH (14.5 % O2, 20 min), causing a decrease in blood oxygenation by 6.3 abs. %, accompanied by an initial (by 5 min) decrease in the RR and QT intervals. The average degree of ANH (12.3% O2) leads to a decrease in blood oxygenation by 19.7 abs. %. At the same time, in inverse relationship to the developing hypoxemia, RR and QT significantly decrease. Corrected values (Pc, PQc, QRSc, QTc) increase during the action period of an average degree of hypoxia, indicating an increase in the proportion of atrial contraction time, atrioventricular conduction of excitation and electrical ventricular systole in the total RR duration, which, apparently, provides optimal systolic heart effect. Key words: human, hypoxia, blood oxygenation, cardiointervals.

Definition and content of the right to freedom of conscience

It can be accepted that the classification of human rights, its division, types, and groups, is of particular importance. The syllogism for human rights can be taken as follows: law belongs to man; human beings are the highest beings on earth like living beings. Therefore, the regulation prevails. The right to freedom is conditional. Man is free. Consequently, human rights are dependent. Morality is the limit of the law. Morality is the limit and content of human actions. Therefore, the law is the limit of human activities. Morality is related to law. Law is the norm of human behavior. Thereby, human behavior and direction are related to morality. The people create the state. The state has the right. Therefore, the right of the state is the right of the people. The state is an institution made up of citizens. Citizens have the privilege. Such blessings as Dignity, honor, conscience, zeal, honor, etc., and values are a part of morality and spiritual life. Morality is united with law. Therefore, moral values are part of the law. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought and conscience. Space is about the law. Therefore, everyone has the right to opinion and conscience. Key words: human rights, freedom of conscience, conceptuality, citizenship

THE ROLE OF THE GENERAL SUBJECTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION DURING COVERT INVESTIGATIVE (SEARCH) ACTIVITIES (ACTIONS)

This article analyzes the system of state bodies and officials who are more or less authorized (obliged) to ensure human rights, including in the conduct of covert investigative (search) actions. According to the tasks performed by each of such subjects, they are divided into two groups: general (those that determine the basis of domestic and foreign policy of the state and public administration strategy, have relevant coordination powers and solve constitutional and legislative strategic tasks in the specified area, or implement state policy in this direction, one of the powers of which is to approve or ensure human rights) and special (subjects of criminal proceedings who are directly involved in the appointment, conduct, and evaluation of the results of the CISA, and who are charged with the protection, protection (enforcement) of human rights in criminal proceedings, including the CISA. Key words: human rights, covert investigative (search) actions, guarantees of rights and freedoms, court investigative judge, participants in criminal proceedings.

AS TRAGÉDIAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NO BRASIL: A EMERGÊNCIA DA RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO DAS EMPRESAS MINERADORAS FRENTE À VIOLAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS

RESUMOO presente artigo analisa as violações aos direitos humanos provocados pelas mineradoras proprietárias das barragens de Mariana e Brumadinho e demonstra a necessidade de responsabilização das empresas inclusive no âmbito internacional. Para tanto se faz necessário, primeiramente, abordar qual foi a dimensão da tragédia em Mariana, esclarecendo quais foram as medidas recomendadas e tomadas que se mostrarem insuficientes para evitar que uma nova tragédia ocorresse em Brumadinho de dimensões ainda maiores quando olhamos a morbidade. Será demonstrado que em ambas as tragédias fora afastado por parte da empresa exploradora de minérios, no que tange a indenização, o principio da centralidade do sofrimento da vítima. Depois, será defendido a necessidade de superação do paradigma estatocêntrico, responsabilizando as empresas transnacionais e o Estado, solidariamente, para que haja uma efetiva proteção aos direitos humanos. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa bibliográfica, com utilização de artigos e livros publicados.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direitos Humanos; Empresas mineradoras; Responsabilidade Internacional; Mariana; Brumadinho.ABSTRACTThis article analyses the human rights violations caused by mining companies of Mariana´s and Brumadinho´s dam and shows the need of companies´ liability including internacional scope. At first, it is necessary to approach the dimension of the tragedy in Mariana, clarifying the recommended and taken actions that were inadequate to avoid that a new disaster happened in Brumadinho, a bigger disaster in terms of morbidity. It will be demonstrated that in both tragedies were removed the centrality principle of victims´suffering by the mining companies, in relation to the indemnity. Afterwards, it will be defended the need for overcoming the state-centred paradigma taking full responsability of transnational companies and the State, severally liable, to provide an efective protection to the human rights. The methodology used was bibliographic research, using published articles and books. KEY-WORDS: Human rights; mining companies; International responsability; Mariana; Brumadinho.

ИНСОН КАПИТАЛИНИНГ РИВОЖЛАНГАНЛИК ДАРАЖАСИНИ АНИҚЛАШДА ГЛОБАЛ ИННОВАЦИОН ИНДЕКСНИНГ ЎРНИ РОЛЬ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ИНДЕКСА В ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИИ УРОВНЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА THE ROLE OF THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX IN DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL

Аннотация: Мақолада инсон капиталининг моҳияти ҳамда унинг ривожланганлик даражасини аниқлашда Глобал Инновацион Индекснинг ўрни тадқиқ қилинган. Ўзбекистоннинг Глобал Инновацион Индексдаги ўрни ўрганиб чиқилган ва таҳлил қилинган. Калит сўзлар: инсон капитали, инновация, инвестиция, инновация ресурслари, инновация натижалари, институционал ривожланиш, илмий тадқиқотлар, инфратузилма. Аннотация: В статье исследуется сущности человеческого капитала и роль глобального инновационного индекса в определении уровня его развития. Место Узбекистана в Глобальном инновационном индексе изучено и проанализировано. Ключевые слова: человеческий капитал, инновации, инвестиции, инновационные ресурсы, результаты инноваций, институциональное развитие, научные исследования, инфраструктура. Abstract: The article examines the essence of human capital and the role of the global innovation index in determining the level of its development. The place of Uzbekistan in the Global Innovation Index has been studied and analysed. Key words: human capital, innovation, investment, innovative resources, innovation results, institutions, research, infrastructure.

Falencias en derechos humanos en tiempos de pandemia del Coronavirus.

<p>En la incertidumbre de estar viviendo en tiempos de pandemia del COVID-19, nos preguntamos sobre qué está pasando en realidad, respecto a los derechos humanos en el discurso y en su aplicación por el Estado. Qué otra lectura podemos darle. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo motivar infinidad de interrogantes y deslizar distintas aristas de investigación científica vinculadas con la aparición mundial de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, desde la perspectiva de la vigencia y respeto de los derechos humanos, algunas de cuyas falencias han quedado expuestas principalmente en el Perú. Tras una contextualización inicial del tema, describimos la situación mundial en general y de nuestro país en particular, relacionada con la aparición y expansión de la enfermedad infecciosa llamada COVID-19; en cuyo examen y realidad se advierten insolvencias en la vigencia y observancia de algunos derechos humanos. Éstos se derivan de problemas de estructura social y económica del país, que ahora se agudizan dentro de la situación inédita a la que nos ha llevado el COVID-19. La desigualdad de oportunidades, la informalidad, la pobreza y la migración entre otras condiciones, repercuten en la salud y la vida del más vulnerable y necesitado en nuestro país.</p><p>Palabras clave: Derechos humanos, coronavirus, COVID-19, pandemia.</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p>In the uncertainty of living in these times of COVID-19 pandemic, we wonder about what is really happening, regarding human rights in the discourse and its application by the State. What other reading can we give it. The objective of this essay is to motivate an infinity of questions and to bring different edges of scientific research linked to the worldwide appearance of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, from the perspective of the validity and respect of human rights, some of whose shortcomings have remained mainly exposed in Peru. After an initial contextualization of the subject, we describe the world situation in general and our country in particular, related to the appearance and spread of the infectious disease called COVID-19; in whose examination and reality there are insolvencies in the validity and observance of some human rights. These stem from problems of the country's social and economic structure, which are now becoming more acute within the unprecedented situation that COVID-19 has brought us to. The inequality of opportunities, informality, poverty and migration, among other conditions, affect the health and life of the most vulnerable and needy in our country.</p><p>Key words: Human rights, coronavirus, COVID-19, pandemic.</p>

İNSAN RESURSLARININ İDARƏ OLUNMASINDA PERSONAL TAPMA, SEÇMƏ VƏ YERLƏŞDİRİLMƏSİ İLƏ BAĞLI PROBLEMLƏR

Key words: human resource management, personnel selection, personnel placement

OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE MEDICAL CARE TO PERSONS IN CUSTODY

Key words: human rights, prisoners health, international law

SCOPE AND NATURE OF PROCEDURAL OBLİGATİONS UNDER ARTICLE 2 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RİGHTS

Key words: human rights, positive obligations, right to life, international law