scholarly journals Peer Review #3 of "The microbiota of Drosophila suzukii influences the larval development of Drosophila melanogaster (v0.1)"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fellous
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii

scholarly journals The microbiota of Drosophila suzukii influences the larval development of Drosophila melanogaster

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle M. Solomon ◽  
Hiruni Dodangoda ◽  
Tylea McCarthy-Walker ◽  
Rita Ntim-Gyakari ◽  
Peter D. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Nutrition Behavior ◽  
The One ◽  
Axenic Conditions

Microorganisms play a central role in the biology of vinegar flies such as Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster: serving as a food source to both adults and larvae, and influencing a range of traits including nutrition, behavior, and development. The niches utilized by the fly species partially overlap, as do the microbiota that sustain them, and interactions among these players may drive the development of crop diseases. To learn more about how the microbiota of one species may affect the other, we isolated and identified microbes from field-caught D. suzukii, and then characterized their effects on D. melanogaster larval development time in the laboratory. We found that the D. suzukii microbiota consistently included both yeasts and bacteria. It was dominated by yeasts of the genus Hanseniaspora, and bacteria from the families Acetobacteraceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Raising D. melanogaster under gnotobiotic conditions with each microbial isolate individually, we found that some bacteria promoted larval development relative to axenic conditions, but most did not have a significant effect. In contrast, nearly all the yeasts tested significantly accelerated larval development. The one exception was Starmerella bacillaris, which had the opposite effect: significantly slowing larval developmental rate. We investigated the basis for this effect by examining whether S. bacillaris cells could sustain larval growth, and measuring the survival of S. bacillaris and other yeasts in the larval gut. Our results suggest S. bacillaris is not digested by D. melanogaster and therefore cannot serve as a source of nutrition. These findings have interesting implications for possible interactions between the two Drosophilia species and their microbiota in nature. Overall, we found that microbes isolated from D. suzukii promote D. melanogaster larval development, which is consistent with the model that infestation of fruit by D. suzukii can open up habitat for D. melanogaster. We propose that the microbiome is an important dimension of the ecological interactions between Drosophila species.

scholarly journals Evolutionary compromises to environmental toxins: ammonia and urea tolerance in Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Belloni ◽  
Alessia Galeazzi ◽  
Giulia Bernini ◽  
Mauro Mandrioli ◽  
Elisabetta Versace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Nitrogenous Waste ◽  
Behavioral Adaptations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThe invasive species Drosophila suzukii has evolved morphological and behavioral adaptations to lay eggs under the skin of fresh fruits. This results in severe damage of a wide range of small and stone fruits, thus making this species a serious agricultural and economical threat.Drosophila suzukii females typically lay few eggs per fruit, preferring not infested fruits. Hence larvae are exposed to a reduced amount of nitrogenous waste products. On the contrary, the innocuous Drosophila melanogaster lays eggs on fermented fruits already infested by conspecifics, with larvae developing in a crowded environment characterized by accumulation of nitrogenous waste such as ammonia and urea. Given these differences in oviposition and larval ecological niche, we expected different behavioral and physiological mechanisms in the two species to cope with nitrogenous waste. We investigated the impact of different concentrations of ammonia and urea on fecundity and larval development in both species. Females and larvae of D. suzukii showed a greater sensitivity to high concentration of both compounds, with a dramatic decrease in fecundity and egg viability.To better understand the pathways underlying these differences, we evaluated the effect on ornithine aminotransferase and glutathione-S-transferase, two enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism and stress response that are expressed during larval development. Under ammonia and urea exposure, the expression of these enzymes was significantly reduced in D. suzukii.The fact that D. suzukii’s shift from rotten to fresh fruit as oviposition and larval substrate resulted in less efficient detoxifying and excretory mechanisms represents a potential approach for its control. Fecundity and larval development are in fact dramatically impaired by nitrogen waste products. These findings can help in planning effective strategies of sustainable pest management that targets both females and larvae.

scholarly journals The mating rate of Drosophila suzukii reduction due to reproductive interference from Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhuo Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Pengcheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Reproductive Interference ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Successful Mating ◽  
Reproductive Activities

Abstract Background Drosophila suzukii is widely distributed. Research has revealed that the presence of Drosophila melanogaster can reduce the emergence and egg laying of D. suzukii. However, the reasons for these phenomena have not yet been reported. To investigate this issue, we sought to answer three questions: Can the presence of D. melanogaster reduce the longevity of D. suzukii? Does D. melanogaster dominate in larval interspecific competition with D. suzukii? Does reproductive interference occur between these species; i.e., do individuals of one species (e.g., D. suzukii) engage in reproductive activities with individuals of the other (e.g., D. melanogaster) such that the fitness of one or both species is reduced? Results The results showed that the adult offspring number of Drosophila suzukii was significantly reduced when this species was reared with Drosophila melanogaster. The larval interspecific competition had no significant effects on Drosophila suzukii longevity or population size. Surprisingly, Drosophila melanogaster imposed reproductive interference on males of Drosophila suzukii, which led to a significant decline in the rate of successful mating of the latter species. Conclusions The presence of Drosophila melanogaster causes the population size of Drosophila suzukii to decrease through reproductive interference, and the rate of successful mating in Drosophila suzukii is significantly reduced in the presence of Drosophila melanogaster.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Control of Quality Differences in the Lipid-Based Cuticle Barrier in Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
Jean-Pierre Farine ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Weina Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii

scholarly journals Invasive Drosophila suzukii facilitates Drosophila melanogaster infestation and sour rot outbreaks in the vineyards

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 170117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rombaut ◽  
R. Guilhot ◽  
A. Xuéreb ◽  
L. Benoit ◽  
M. P.  Chapuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Extensive Disease ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Invasive Pests ◽  
Sour Rot ◽  
Independent Assay ◽  
Grapevine Disease

How do invasive pests affect interactions between members of pre-existing agrosystems? The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii is suspected to be involved in the aetiology of sour rot, a grapevine disease that otherwise develops following Drosophila melanogaster infestation of wounded berries. We combined field observations with laboratory assays to disentangle the relative roles of both Drosophila in disease development. We observed the emergence of numerous D. suzukii , but no D. melanogaster flies, from bunches that started showing mild sour rot symptoms days after field collection. However, bunches that already showed severe rot symptoms in the field mostly contained D. melanogaster . In the laboratory, oviposition by D. suzukii triggered sour rot development. An independent assay showed the disease increased grape attractiveness to ovipositing D. melanogaster females. Our results suggest that in invaded vineyards, D. suzukii facilitates D. melanogaster infestation and, consequently, favours sour rot outbreaks. Rather than competing with close species, the invader subsequently permits their reproduction in otherwise non-accessible resources and may cause more frequent, or more extensive, disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Microbiota-mediated competition between pest insects and its application to the evolution-proof protection of crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Rombaut ◽  
Romain Gallet ◽  
Kenza Qitout ◽  
Mukherjy Samy ◽  
Robin Guilhot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Larval Competition ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Competition Avoidance ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSpecies that share the same resources often avoid costly competition with contextdependent behaviors. This is the case of the invasive insect pest Drosophila suzukii which larvae’s ecological niche overlaps with that of Drosophila melanogaster in ripe, but not rotten, fruit. Previous research showed D. suzukii prevents costly larval competition by not ovipositing in substrates with D. melanogaster eggs. We discovered D. suzukii females respond to cues produced by D. melanogaster adults associated to gut microbiota bacteria. This behavior of D. suzukii varied over time and among populations, revealing subtle condition-dependence. In particular, D. suzukii females that bore D. melanogaster gut bacteria stopped avoiding sites with D. melanogaster cues. The adaptive significance of the behavior was investigated by reproducing experimentally in-fruit larval competition. D. suzukii larvae only suffered from competition with D. melanogaster if the competitor was associated to its microbiota, suggesting D. suzukii has evolved a solution to avoid its offspring develops in challenging environments. We argue that D. suzukii’s competition avoidance behavior has features enabling the design of an evolution-proof repellent to protect crops.

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