scholarly journals Emergent properties of a computational model of tumour growth

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Pantziarka
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Cell Competition ◽  
System A ◽  
Accelerated Repopulation ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Tumour Growth Model ◽  
Emergent Behaviours

While there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the genetic drivers and molecular pathways involved in cancer in recent decades, there also remain key areas of dispute with respect to fundamental theories of cancer. The accumulation of vast new datasets from genomics and other fields, in addition to detailed descriptions of molecular pathways, cloud the issues and lead to ever greater complexity. One strategy in dealing with such complexity is to develop models to replicate salient features of the system and therefore to generate hypotheses which reflect on the real system. A simple tumour growth model is outlined which displays emergent behaviours that correspond to a number of clinically relevant phenomena including tumour growth, intra-tumour heterogeneity, growth arrest and accelerated repopulation following cytotoxic insult. Analysis of model data suggests that the processes of cell competition and apoptosis are key drivers of these emergent behaviours. Questions are raised as to the role of cell competition and cell death in physical cancer growth and the relevance that these have to cancer research in general is discussed.

scholarly journals Emergent properties of a computational model of tumour growth

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Pantziarka
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Cell Competition ◽  
System A ◽  
Accelerated Repopulation ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Tumour Growth Model ◽  
Emergent Behaviours

While there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the genetic drivers and molecular pathways involved in cancer in recent decades, there also remain key areas of dispute with respect to fundamental theories of cancer. The accumulation of vast new datasets from genomics and other fields, in addition to detailed descriptions of molecular pathways, cloud the issues and lead to ever greater complexity. One strategy in dealing with such complexity is to develop models to replicate salient features of the system and therefore to generate hypotheses which reflect on the real system. A simple tumour growth model is outlined which displays emergent behaviours that correspond to a number of clinically relevant phenomena including tumour growth, intra-tumour heterogeneity, growth arrest and accelerated repopulation following cytotoxic insult. Analysis of model data suggests that the processes of cell competition and apoptosis are key drivers of these emergent behaviours. Questions are raised as to the role of cell competition and cell death in physical cancer growth and the relevance that these have to cancer research in general is discussed.

scholarly journals Emergent properties of a computational model of tumour growth

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Pantziarka
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Cell Competition ◽  
System A ◽  
Accelerated Repopulation ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Tumour Growth Model ◽  
Emergent Behaviours

While there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the genetic drivers and molecular pathways involved in cancer in recent decades, there also remain key areas of dispute with respect to fundamental theories of cancer. The accumulation of vast new datasets from genomics and other fields, in addition to detailed descriptions of molecular pathways, cloud the issues and lead to ever greater complexity. One strategy in dealing with such complexity is to develop models to replicate salient features of the system and therefore to generate hypotheses which reflect on the real system. A simple tumour growth model is outlined which displays emergent behaviours that correspond to a number of clinically relevant phenomena including tumour growth, intra-tumour heterogeneity, growth arrest and accelerated repopulation following cytotoxic insult. Analysis of model data suggests that the processes of cell competition and apoptosis are key drivers of these emergent behaviours. Questions are raised as to the role of cell competition and cell death in physical cancer growth and the relevance that these have to cancer research in general is discussed.

scholarly journals Emergent properties of a non-physiological computational model of tumour growth

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Pantziarka
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Cell Competition ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Accelerated Repopulation ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Tumour Growth Model ◽  
Emergent Behaviours

While there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the genetic drivers and molecular pathways involved in cancer in recent decades, there also remain key areas of dispute with respect to fundamental theories of cancer. The accumulation of vast new datasets from genomics and other fields, in addition to detailed descriptions of molecular pathways, cloud the issues and lead to ever greater complexity. One strategy in dealing with such complexity is to develop thought experiments which selectively focus on different levels of abstraction in order to build models to replicate salient features of the system and therefore to build hypotheses which reflect on the real system. NEATG is a simple non-physiological tumour growth model which displays emergent behaviours that correspond to a number of clinically relevant phenomena including tumour growth, intra-tumour heterogeneity, growth arrest and accelerated repopulation following cytotoxic insult. Analysis of model data suggests that the processes of cell competition and apoptosis are key drivers of these emergent behaviours. Questions are raised as to the role of cell competition and cell death in physical cancer growth and the relevance these have to cancer research in general is discussed.

scholarly journals Emergent properties of a non-physiological computational model of tumour growth

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Pantziarka
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Cell Competition ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Accelerated Repopulation ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Tumour Growth Model ◽  
Emergent Behaviours

While there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the genetic drivers and molecular pathways involved in cancer in recent decades, there also remain key areas of dispute with respect to fundamental theories of cancer. The accumulation of vast new datasets from genomics and other fields, in addition to detailed descriptions of molecular pathways, cloud the issues and lead to ever greater complexity. One strategy in dealing with such complexity is to develop thought experiments which selectively focus on different levels of abstraction in order to build models to replicate salient features of the system and therefore to build hypotheses which reflect on the real system. NEATG is a simple non-physiological tumour growth model which displays emergent behaviours that correspond to a number of clinically relevant phenomena including tumour growth, intra-tumour heterogeneity, growth arrest and accelerated repopulation following cytotoxic insult. Analysis of model data suggests that the processes of cell competition and apoptosis are key drivers of these emergent behaviours. Questions are raised as to the role of cell competition and cell death in physical cancer growth and the relevance these have to cancer research in general is discussed.

scholarly journals Emergent properties of a non-physiological computational model of tumour growth

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Pantziarka
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Growth ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Tumour Growth Model ◽  
Dual Scale

NEATG is a simple non-physiological tumour growth model which displays emergent properties which are analogous to a number of characteristics common to physical tumour growth. NEATG employs a novel dual-scale evolutionary algorithm which models both cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous behaviours. The components of the model are outlined briefly, with reference to the core algorithm and data structures. Experimental results are presented which illustrate the behaviour of the model under different evolutionary scenarios, including homeostasis, tumour growth and a number of anti-tumour interventions. In particular the system is used to explore the impact of cytotoxic interventions, (analogous to high-dose chemotherapy), with respect to adaptive responses and evolutionary change. Finally, a number of avenues for further development of the system are discussed.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Honey and Their Associated Health Benefits: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danila Cianciosi ◽  
Tamara Forbes-Hernández ◽  
Sadia Afrin ◽  
Massimiliano Gasparrini ◽  
Patricia Reboredo-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
System A ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ancient Times

Honey is a natural substance appreciated for its therapeutic abilities since ancient times. Its content in flavonoids and phenolic acids plays a key role on human health, thanks to the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that they exert. Honey possesses antimicrobial capacity and anticancer activity against different types of tumors, acting on different molecular pathways that are involved on cellular proliferation. In addition, an antidiabetic activity has also been highlighted, with the reduction of glucose, fructosamine, and glycosylated hemoglobin serum concentration. Honey exerts also a protective effect in the cardiovascular system, where it mainly prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, in the nervous system, in the respiratory system against asthma and bacterial infections, and in the gastrointestinal system. A beneficial effect of honey can also be demonstrated in athletes. The purpose of this review is to summarize and update the current information regarding the role of honey in health and diseases.

Concealment of Illegally Obtained Assets in Nigeria: Revisiting the Role of the Churches in Money Laundering

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-121
Author(s):  
Kato Gogo Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Nigerian Government

Financial crime in Nigeria – including money laundering – is ravaging Nigeria's economic growth. In the past few years, the Nigerian government has made efforts to tackle money laundering by enacting laws and setting up several agencies to enforce the laws. However, there are substantial loopholes in the regulatory and enforcement regimes. This article seeks to unravel the involvement of the churches as key drivers in money laundering crimes in Nigeria. It concludes that the permissive secrecy which enables churches to conceal the names of their financiers and donors breeds criminality on an unimaginable scale.

How Lives Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu ◽  
Peter Lanjouw ◽  
Nicholas Stern
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
North India ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Village

Development economics is about understanding how and why lives and livelihoods change. This book is about economic development in the village of Palanpur, in Moradabad district, Uttar Pradesh, in north India. It draws on seven decades of detailed data collection by a team of dedicated development economists to describe the evolution of Palanpur’s economy, its society, and its politics. The emerging story of integration of the village economy with the outside world is placed against the backdrop of a rapidly transforming India and, in turn, helps to understand the transformation. The role of, and scope for, public policy in shaping the lives of individuals is examined. The book describes how changes in Palanpur’s economy since the late 1950s were initially driven by the advance of agriculture through land reforms, the expansion of irrigation, and the introduction of ‘green revolution’ technologies. Then, since the mid-1980s, newly emerging off-farm opportunities in nearby towns and outside agriculture became the key drivers of growth and change. These key forces of change have profoundly influenced poverty, income mobility, and inequality in Palanpur. Village institutions such as those governing access to land are shown to have evolved in subtle but clear ways over time, while individual entrepreneurship and initiative is found to play a critical role in driving and responding to the forces of change. And yet, against a backdrop of real economic growth and structural transformation, the book documents how human development outcomes have shown only weak progress and remain stubbornly resistant to change.

The SORS Decision-Making Support System: A statistical tool for better policy making in the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Miladin Kovačević ◽  
Katarina Stančić
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
System A ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Trusted Data

Modern society is witnessing a data revolution which necessarily entails changes to the overall behavior of citizens, governments and companies. This is a big challenge and an opportunity for National Statistics Offices (NSOs). Especially after the outbreak of COVID-19, when the public debate about the number of mortalities and tested and infected persons escalated, trusted data is required more than ever. Which data can modern society trust? Are modern societies being subjected to opinion rather than fact? This paper introduces a new statistical tool to facilitate policy-making based on trusted statistics. Using economic indicators to illustrate implementation, the new statistical tool is shown to be a flexible instrument for analysis, monitoring and evaluation of the economic situation in the Republic of Serbia. By taking a role in public policy management, the tool can be used to transform the NSO’s role in the statistical system into an active participant in public debate in contrast to the previous traditional, usually passive role of collecting, processing and publishing data. The tool supports the integration of statistics into public policies and connects the knowledge and expertise of official statisticians on one side with political decision makers on the other.

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