scholarly journals Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) populations (stocks) around Banggai Island, a geometric and classical morphometric approach

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samliok Ndobe ◽  
Abigail Moore
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Endemic Distribution

Background. The identification and characterisation of appropriate management units (stocks) is important as a basis for responsible fisheries management as well as conservation of within species biodiversity. The Banggai cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni (F.P. Koumans,1933), a mouthbrooding apogonid with Endangered status (IUCN Red List) has been shown to have a high level of genetic population structure across the endemic distribution in the Banggai Archipelago. With a life-cycle making recovery frrm extirpation extremely unlikely, this indicates a need to conserve each reproductively isolated population (stock), in particular to support zonation of Banggai Island in the context of the proposed district marine protected area. Genetic and morphological variations are often but not always related, and ideally both should be used in stock identification. However there were no data on classical or geometric morphometric characteristics of P. kauderni populations. Methods. Adult P. kauderni for classical and geometric morphometric analyses were collected randomly at six sites on Banggai Island (31-34 adult fish/site, total 193). Eleven morphometric parameters were measured and 10 dimensionless ratios were compared using the ANOVA function in Microsoft Excel 2007. A landmark set for P. kauderni was developed. Each specimen was photographed, digitised (tps.dig and tps.util). Characteristics of the six populations were analysed using Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) in MorphoJ geometric morphometric software to identify significant between-site variation. The results were compared with genetic, geophysical, bio-ecological and socio-economic data to determine meaningful stocks or management units. Results. Except for one site pair (Monsongan and Tinakin Laut) we found significant or highly significant differences between sites (sub-populations) in morphometric characteristics, as well as from the CVA and DFA results. The greatest morphometric difference was between sub-populations at the north (Popisi) and southeast (Matanga) extremities of the Banggai Island P. kauderni distribution. The Popisi population was characterised by short/high head shape, Matanga by a more hydrodynamic shape (elongated with a more pointed head). The findings were consonant with genetic study results. We propose a population model with four closed populations and one metapopulation resulting in five P. kauderni stocks around Banggai Island. Discussion. Observed patterns of morphometric variation could be related to geographical spread (radiation or North-South gradient), habitat-driven selection or growth patterns, stochastic events, or a combination. Such fine-scale characterisation calls for intra-species conservation, with implications for the management of this restricted range ornamental fish around Banggai Island and throughout the P. kauderni endemic distribution.

scholarly journals Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) populations (stocks) around Banggai Island, a geometric and classical morphometric approach

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samliok Ndobe ◽  
Abigail Moore
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Endemic Distribution

Background. The identification and characterisation of appropriate management units (stocks) is important as a basis for responsible fisheries management as well as conservation of within species biodiversity. The Banggai cardinalfish Pterapogon kauderni (F.P. Koumans,1933), a mouthbrooding apogonid with Endangered status (IUCN Red List) has been shown to have a high level of genetic population structure across the endemic distribution in the Banggai Archipelago. With a life-cycle making recovery frrm extirpation extremely unlikely, this indicates a need to conserve each reproductively isolated population (stock), in particular to support zonation of Banggai Island in the context of the proposed district marine protected area. Genetic and morphological variations are often but not always related, and ideally both should be used in stock identification. However there were no data on classical or geometric morphometric characteristics of P. kauderni populations. Methods. Adult P. kauderni for classical and geometric morphometric analyses were collected randomly at six sites on Banggai Island (31-34 adult fish/site, total 193). Eleven morphometric parameters were measured and 10 dimensionless ratios were compared using the ANOVA function in Microsoft Excel 2007. A landmark set for P. kauderni was developed. Each specimen was photographed, digitised (tps.dig and tps.util). Characteristics of the six populations were analysed using Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) in MorphoJ geometric morphometric software to identify significant between-site variation. The results were compared with genetic, geophysical, bio-ecological and socio-economic data to determine meaningful stocks or management units. Results. Except for one site pair (Monsongan and Tinakin Laut) we found significant or highly significant differences between sites (sub-populations) in morphometric characteristics, as well as from the CVA and DFA results. The greatest morphometric difference was between sub-populations at the north (Popisi) and southeast (Matanga) extremities of the Banggai Island P. kauderni distribution. The Popisi population was characterised by short/high head shape, Matanga by a more hydrodynamic shape (elongated with a more pointed head). The findings were consonant with genetic study results. We propose a population model with four closed populations and one metapopulation resulting in five P. kauderni stocks around Banggai Island. Discussion. Observed patterns of morphometric variation could be related to geographical spread (radiation or North-South gradient), habitat-driven selection or growth patterns, stochastic events, or a combination. Such fine-scale characterisation calls for intra-species conservation, with implications for the management of this restricted range ornamental fish around Banggai Island and throughout the P. kauderni endemic distribution.

scholarly journals Morphometric variation of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Xiphosura: Limulidae) from the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziyah FAUZIYAH ◽  
APON Z. MUSTOPA ◽  
FATIMAH FATIMAH ◽  
ANNA I. S. PURWIYANTO ◽  
ROZIRWAN ROZIRWAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Fauziyah, Mustopa AZ, Fatimah, Purwiyanto AIS, Rozirwan, Agustriani F, Putri WAE. 2021. Morphometric variation of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Xiphosura: Limulidae) from the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5061-5070. Morphological studies are essential for fish resource management, ecology, conservation, and stock assessment. This research was conducted to characterize the morphological variation of the coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) from the Banyuasin estuarine, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The body weight (BW), prosoma width (PW), carapace length (CL), telson length (TEL), and total length (TL) were measured for describing the morphometric variability of T. gigas. A total of 70 T. gigas (32 females and 38 males) were found using trammel net fishing and bottom gillnet during the survey. Multivariate and allometric methods analyzed their morphometric characters. Based on Kruskal- Wallis tests, the result showed a significant difference in somebody measurements (TL and CL) between males and females. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that all morphometric characters had a strong correlation in both sexes, so the first principal component (PC1) values were 92% and 72%. In comparison, the second principal component (PC2) values were 5% and 20% in females and males, respectively. The results of discriminant function analysis (DFA) suggested that only one (BW) of the five morphometric characters was significant in separating both sexes. Both sexes were also revealed variations in growth patterns based on the allometric analysis results. These results were expected to be used as a basis for managing the horseshoe crab population-based conservation.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric wing analysis as a tool to discriminate female mosquitoes from different suburban areas of Chiang Mai province, Thailand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260333
Author(s):  
Danita Champakaew ◽  
Anuluck Junkum ◽  
Narin Sontigun ◽  
Sangob Sanit ◽  
Kwankamol Limsopatham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
The Right

Mosquitoes are hematophagous insects that transmit parasites and pathogens with devastating effects on humans, particularly in subtropical regions. Different mosquito species display various behaviors, breeding sites, and geographic distribution; however, they can be difficult to distinguish in the field due to morphological similarities between species and damage caused during trapping and transportation. Vector control methods for controlling mosquito-borne disease epidemics require an understanding of which vector species are present in the area as well as the epidemiological patterns of disease transmission. Although molecular techniques can accurately distinguish between mosquito species, they are costly and laborious, making them unsuitable for extensive use in the field. Thus, alternative techniques are required. Geometric morphometrics (GM) is a rapid and inexpensive technique that can be used to analyze the size, shape, and shape variation of individuals based on a range of traits. Here, we used GM to analyze the wings of 1,040 female mosquitoes from 12 different species in Thailand. The right wing of each specimen was removed, imaged microscopically, and digitized using 17 landmarks. Wing shape variation among genera and species was analyzed using canonical variate analysis (CVA), while discriminant function analysis was used to cross-validate classification reliability based on Mahalanobis distances. Phenetic relationships were constructed to illustrate the discrimination patterns for genera and species. CVA of the morphological variation among Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Culex, and Mansonia mosquito genera revealed five clusters. In particular, we demonstrated a high percentage of correctly-distinguished samples among Aedes (97.48%), Armigeres (96.15%), Culex (90.07%), and Mansonia (91.67%), but not Anopheles (64.54%). Together, these findings suggest that wing landmark-based GM analysis is an efficient method for identifying mosquito species, particularly among the Aedes, Armigeres, Culex, and Mansonia genera.

Morphological variations of striped seabream, Lithognathus mormyrus, populations along the Tunisian coast

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Hammami ◽  
Lilia Bahri-Sfar ◽  
Oum Kalthoum Ben Hassine
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Lithognathus Mormyrus

Morphological variations of Tunisian Lithognathus mormyrus populations were investigated using 41 morphometric measurements (27 truss elements and 14 traditional measurements) and eight meristic characters collected from ten marine and lagoon samples. Statistical analyses (e.g. discriminant function analysis (DFA)) performed separately to truss and traditional data revealed a significant degree of morphological dissimilarity of lagoon samples (Bizerta, Ghar El Melh and El Biban lagoons). For these three lagoon environments the overall assignment of individuals into their original sample (percentage classification success) by DFA was 94% for truss elements and 98% for traditional measurements. This morphological discrimination among lagoon samples, revealed with traditional measurements, seems to be associated only with the anterior part of the body (especially with the pre-orbit and snout length). However, for truss analyses, it was explained by both anterior and posterior parts (peduncle region). Statistical analyses for only marine samples showed partial overlapping with significant morphometric variation of the Chebba and Gabès samples mainly related to the anterior part of the body, for the first sample, but also to the posterior region, for the second one. These morphometric variations are often due to environmental conditions and mainly to the exploitation of different ecological niches that are particularly limited by the availability, type and size of prey. Thus, truss and traditional approaches are complementary and provide more accurate explanations of such a morphological discrimination. Meristic character analyses showed homogeneity of striped seabream samples, except for the Ghar El Melh lagoon sample which quietly differed from the others. This distinction was mainly explained by the number of soft anal rays.

scholarly journals Beechwood density and changes of dimension at the locality Bor - Boljevac

2003 ◽  
pp. 171-185
Author(s):  
Borislav Soskic ◽  
Nebojsa Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Management Units ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Difference

The density and changes of dimension of beechwood were studied at the site Bor - Boljevac. Four trees were analyzed from different selected and established series of scientific and production experiments in the management units. The results were presented and statistically processed for the data measured at the height of 1. 3 m, and also for the data at three height levels along the technically valuable part of the stem. The study results show the difference between the trees and also within the same tree The study results were compared to the results from other localities in Serbia. They should contribute to the analysis and production of wood in this region.

Wing morphometry as a tool for correct identification of primary and secondary New World screwworm fly

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Lyra ◽  
L.M. Hatadani ◽  
A.M.L. de Azeredo-Espin ◽  
L.B. Klaczko
Keyword(s):  
Population Variation ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Cochliomyia Macellaria ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
Shape Data

AbstractCochliomyia hominivoraxandCochliomyia macellariaare endemic Neotropical Calliphoridae species. The former causes severe myiasis in hosts while the latter is Sarcosaprophagous, but commonly found as a second invader in wounds. Due to the morphological similarity between them and the potential losses thatC. hominivoraxrepresents for cattle breeders, the rapid and correct identification of these two species is very important. In addition to a correct identification of these species, a good knowledge ofC. hominivoraxbiology can be helpful for designing control programs. We applied geometric morphometric methods to assess wing differences betweenC. hominivoraxandC. macellariaand conduct a preliminary analysis of wing morphological variation inC. hominivoraxpopulations. Canonical variate analysis, using wing shape data, correctly classified 100% of the individuals analyzed according to sex and species. This result demonstrates that wing morphometry is a simple and reliable method for identifyingC. hominivoraxandC. macellariasamples and can be used to monitorC. hominivorax. Both species show sexual dimorphism, but inC. hominivoraxit is magnified. We suggest that this may reflect different histories of selection pressures operating on males and females. Significant differences in wing size and shape were obtained amongC. hominivoraxpopulations, with little correlation with latitude. This result suggests that wing variation is also a good morphological marker for studying population variation inC. hominivorax.

The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1825 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASMINA LUDOŠKI ◽  
LJUBINKA FRANCUSKI ◽  
ANTE VUJIĆ ◽  
VESNA MILANKOV
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis

A landmark-based geometric morphometric approach was used to assess differences in the size and shape of wing among/within three species of the Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha. Wing size and shape variation was observed from 25, 176 and 41 specimens of C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha, respectively, collected from six localities on the Balkan Peninsula. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 73% individuals of C. canicularis, 80% of C. orthotricha and 94% of C. himantopus, and clear delimitation of the species pairs C. canicularis/C. orthotricha and C. himantopus/C. orthotricha. In all analysed species, the consistent sex dimorphism in wing shape was observed indicating that female specimens had shorter and broader wings than males. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed close accordance with previously published phylogenetic relationships of these species indicated by allozyme and DNA sequence data analysis. Our results suggested that wing parameters contain useful information in quantification phenotypic variation and identification of species in this challenging group for taxonomy and systematics.

3D Evaluation of the Relationship between Different Vertical Growth Patterns and Cranial Base Angulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ugurlu ◽  
Rıdvan Oksayan ◽  
Ibrahim Sevki Bayrakdar ◽  
Fatih Kahraman ◽  
Ilhan Metin Dagsuyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Normal Angle

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to compare cranial base angulations in subjects with high-angle, low-angle, and normal-angle vertical growth patterns using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Design This study is a retrospective clinical research. Settings This study was carried out at the Dentistry Faculty of Eskisehir Osmangazi University. Participants According to skeletal vertical face growth patterns, 78 subjects (48 females and 30 males, average age: 13.19 ± 1.73 years) were divided equally into three groups: high angle, low angle, and normal angle groups. Main Outcome Measures Cephalometric images were derived from CBCT, and patients were classified according to the SN-GoGn angle (sella-nasion, gonion gnathion angle). Sagittal, axial, and coronal cranial base angulations were measured in three-dimensional (3D) CBCT images. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests. Results There were statistically significant differences between the low-angle and high-angle groups according to sagittal cranial base angulation parameters (p = 0.01). Conversely, there were no statistically significant differences between vertical facial growth patterns according to coronal and axial cranial angle variables (p > 0.05). Conclusion According to the study results, there were no effects of cranial base angulations in two planes (coronal and axial) on different vertical skeletal growth patterns. In the sagittal cranial base angulation parameter, the high-angle group showed greater angulation values than the low-angle group. CBCT may be helpful for evaluating, diagnosing, and predicting 3D cranial base differences.

scholarly journals Drivers of molecular and morphometric variation in Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Triatominae): the resolution of geometric morphometrics for populational structuring on a microgeographical scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgard H. Kamimura ◽  
Maria Carolina Viana ◽  
Maurício Lilioso ◽  
Fernanda H. M. Fontes ◽  
Dayane Pires-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Mantel Tests ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Semiarid Areas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Background The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi circulates in semiarid areas of northeastern Brazil in distinct ecotopes (sylvatic, peridomestic and domestic) where Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 is the most important Chagas disease vector. In this study, we analyzed microevolutionary and demographic aspects of T. brasiliensis populations at the ecotypic, micro and macro-geographic scales by combining morphometrics and molecular results. Additionally, we aimed to address the resolution of both markers for delimiting populations in distinct scales. Methods We sampled populations of T. brasiliensis from distinct ecotypic and geographic sites in the states Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Paraíba (PB). The geometric morphometry was carried out with 13 landmarks on the right wings (n = 698) and the genetic structure was assessed by sequencing a region of cytochrome b mitochondrial gene (n = 221). Mahalanobis distance (MD) and coefficient of molecular differentiation (ΦST) were calculated among all pairs of populations. The results of comparisons generated MD and ΦST dendrograms, and graphics of canonical variate analysis (CVA). Results Little structure was observed for both markers for macro-geographic scales. Mantel tests comparing geographic, morphometric and genetic matrices showed low correlation (all R2 < 0.35). The factorial graphics built with the CVA evidenced population delimitation for the morphometric data at micro-geographic scales. Conclusions We believe that T. brasiliensis carries in its genotype a source of information to allow the phenotypical plasticity across its whole distribution for shaping populations, which may have caused a lack of population delimitation for CVAs in morphometric analysis for macro-geographic scale analysis. On the other hand, the pattern of morphometric results in micro-geographic scales showed well-defined groups, highlighting the potential of this tool to inferences on the source for infestation.

Morphometric variation of fish scales among some species of rattail fish from New Zealand waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1991-1998
Author(s):  
A. L. Ibáñez ◽  
L. A. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Components Analysis

New Zealand rattail fish are of great interest both to biologists who study their phylogenetics and in fisheries. In contrast, their morphological evolution is little studied and poorly understood. Geometric morphometric methods based on scale shape were applied in this study to determine differences among species and genera. Scale shapes were described using seven landmarks, the coordinates of which were subjected to a generalized Procrustes analysis, followed by a principal components analysis. A cross-validated discriminant analysis was applied to assess and compare the size-shape (centroid size plus shape variables) efficacy in the species and the discrimination of the genera. Two main phenetic groups were identified: cluster no. 1 with eight species and cluster no. 2 with six species. Coelorhinchus aspercephalus and Mesovagus antipodum were more separated from the other species in the first cluster. The cross-validated canonical discriminant analysis correctly classified 74% at the genus level, with most misclassifications occurring between Coelorhinchus and Coryphaenoides, whereas the best classified genera were Mesovagus and Trachyrincus. The discrimination of correctly classified species ranged from 41.2 to 100%. The highest correct classification rates were recorded for Coryphaenoides armatus, Coelorhinchus innotabilis, Trachyrincus longirostris and Mesovagus antipodum.

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