scholarly journals Morphometric variation of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Xiphosura: Limulidae) from the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziyah FAUZIYAH ◽  
APON Z. MUSTOPA ◽  
FATIMAH FATIMAH ◽  
ANNA I. S. PURWIYANTO ◽  
ROZIRWAN ROZIRWAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Fauziyah, Mustopa AZ, Fatimah, Purwiyanto AIS, Rozirwan, Agustriani F, Putri WAE. 2021. Morphometric variation of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Xiphosura: Limulidae) from the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5061-5070. Morphological studies are essential for fish resource management, ecology, conservation, and stock assessment. This research was conducted to characterize the morphological variation of the coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) from the Banyuasin estuarine, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The body weight (BW), prosoma width (PW), carapace length (CL), telson length (TEL), and total length (TL) were measured for describing the morphometric variability of T. gigas. A total of 70 T. gigas (32 females and 38 males) were found using trammel net fishing and bottom gillnet during the survey. Multivariate and allometric methods analyzed their morphometric characters. Based on Kruskal- Wallis tests, the result showed a significant difference in somebody measurements (TL and CL) between males and females. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that all morphometric characters had a strong correlation in both sexes, so the first principal component (PC1) values were 92% and 72%. In comparison, the second principal component (PC2) values were 5% and 20% in females and males, respectively. The results of discriminant function analysis (DFA) suggested that only one (BW) of the five morphometric characters was significant in separating both sexes. Both sexes were also revealed variations in growth patterns based on the allometric analysis results. These results were expected to be used as a basis for managing the horseshoe crab population-based conservation.

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity in Barilius vagra (Hamilton, 1822) (Teleostei: Danionidae) from two geographically distinct river basins of Indian Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 19976-19984
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Sharali Sharma ◽  
Deepak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
River Basins ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
Significant Difference

Truss-based morphometric analysis was used to examine phenotypic plasticity of Barilius vagra (Hamilton, 1822) inhabiting the tributaries of the Alaknanda (Ganga River basin) and Chenab (Indus River basin), two geographically distinct river basins in the Indian Himalaya. Fourteen landmarks were connected to generate a truss network of 90 parameters on the body of fish. Eighty morphometric traits out of ninety morphometric measurements explained statistically significant difference among six sampling locations of Barilius vagra from streams in the Alaknanda and Chenab basins. Discriminant function analysis revealed 82% of Barilius vagra specimens originally classified into their own groups. 95% of the variance was explained by 13 principal components. Morphometric characters (1–6, 1–13, 2–5, 2–6, 2–14, 3–6, 4–6, 4–14, 6–12, 7–8, 7–9, 10–11, and 13–14) contributed greatly in differentiation of B. vagra populations from different river basins. The Alaknanda basin reflected some mixing within populations, which may be due to common environmental conditions and fish migration in these streams. This study will be helpful in framing site-specific conservation and management strategies, such as net mesh size selection, avoiding overexploitation, stock augmentation and food availability for different fish populations.

Morphological variations of striped seabream, Lithognathus mormyrus, populations along the Tunisian coast

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Hammami ◽  
Lilia Bahri-Sfar ◽  
Oum Kalthoum Ben Hassine
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Lithognathus Mormyrus

Morphological variations of Tunisian Lithognathus mormyrus populations were investigated using 41 morphometric measurements (27 truss elements and 14 traditional measurements) and eight meristic characters collected from ten marine and lagoon samples. Statistical analyses (e.g. discriminant function analysis (DFA)) performed separately to truss and traditional data revealed a significant degree of morphological dissimilarity of lagoon samples (Bizerta, Ghar El Melh and El Biban lagoons). For these three lagoon environments the overall assignment of individuals into their original sample (percentage classification success) by DFA was 94% for truss elements and 98% for traditional measurements. This morphological discrimination among lagoon samples, revealed with traditional measurements, seems to be associated only with the anterior part of the body (especially with the pre-orbit and snout length). However, for truss analyses, it was explained by both anterior and posterior parts (peduncle region). Statistical analyses for only marine samples showed partial overlapping with significant morphometric variation of the Chebba and Gabès samples mainly related to the anterior part of the body, for the first sample, but also to the posterior region, for the second one. These morphometric variations are often due to environmental conditions and mainly to the exploitation of different ecological niches that are particularly limited by the availability, type and size of prey. Thus, truss and traditional approaches are complementary and provide more accurate explanations of such a morphological discrimination. Meristic character analyses showed homogeneity of striped seabream samples, except for the Ghar El Melh lagoon sample which quietly differed from the others. This distinction was mainly explained by the number of soft anal rays.

scholarly journals Morphological Divergence of Snow Trout (Schizothorax Richardsonii, Gray 1932) from Rivers of Nepal with Insights from a Morphometric Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-473
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar Wagle ◽  
Neeta Pradhan ◽  
Madhav Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Size Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Major River ◽  
Mean Vectors ◽  
Schizothorax Richardsonii

Asala or snow trout (Schizothorax richardsonii, Cyprinidae), one of highly valued freshwater fish of Transhimalayan regions, is distributed in upper reaches of all major river systems of Nepal. Morphometric diversification between six river populations of S. richardsonii was examined to identify intraspecific unit for enabling better management of the resources. Significant differences were observed in 17 measured morphometric characters of 207 specimens among the six river populations. Multivariate analysis of variance (Wilks' test) indicated a significant difference for mean vectors of mophometric measurements (? =0.012, F85, 731 = 19.999, P<0.0001) among populations. Principal component and discriminant functions (DFs) analysis of morphometric measurements revealed high seperation of the stocks. The analysis showed that most of the shape and size variation among these populations occurs in the head region, body depth and fin length. Apparent morphometric divergence among S. richardsonii samples showed the existence of three differentiated groups viz., the Indrawati and Khudi populations, the Melamchi and Phalaku Rivers, and the Sabha and Tadi River populations of Nepal. The results of this study may be useful in fisheries management and potential exploitation of this species in coldwater aquaculture.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 464-473

scholarly journals Are there sex differences in the body size of the Eurasian red squirrel in Slovakia?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Čanády ◽  
Ladislav Mošanský ◽  
Peter Krišovský
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Sexual dimorphism of the Eurasian red squirrel on five somatic variables (head-and-body length, tail length, hind foot length, ear length and body weight) was evaluated on 55 squirrels. The overlap of values of the measured traits among sexes was high, but in all traits (with exception of the tail length) males seem to exhibit slightly higher mean values than females. However, these differences were non-significant, with the exception of a small significant difference in the tail length and tail-to-head-and-body ratio. Similarly, the results of discriminant function analysis show no differences between the sexes. Positive correlation analyses, together with PCA values, confirmed that tail length and hind foot length are traits that play a significant role in overall variability. We suggest that this relationship could explain their mutual importance in locomotion, where the feet are essential for movement in the trees. By contrast, the tail maintains balance on thin branches, or during jumps from one crown to another. Longer tails also demonstrate differential selection on males and females for a locomotor trait. Similarly, we discuss whether variations in tail length were connected to female reproductive success. Our results suggest that the non-significant results regarding SSD provide the benefit of the same size for both sexes in the protection of territory as well as inter- and intra-sexual interaction.

scholarly journals The effect of different doses of probiotic feed additives on hematologic indices and morphological structure of individual pig internal organs

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
M. Zhyla ◽  
N. Shkodyak ◽  
G. Kotsyumbas ◽  
Y. Stronskyi ◽  
O. Sobodosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Breed

In order to improve the digestibility and absorption of feed, metabolic processes, growth and development of animals, increase the resistance of the body immunomodulatory agents, probiotics, prebiotics, combined enzyme-probiotic feed additives are widely used. The purpose of our work was to conduct comparative clinical trials of the effectiveness of the probiotic feed additive Probion-forte in terms of productivity, blood indices and histological structure of individual internal  pigs organs during fattening. The researches were carried out on 120 piglets of big white breed at the age of 28 days, which were divided into 4 groups with 30 units in each one. The probiotics were added to feed in different concentrations in order to determine their efficiency and examine influence on piglets organism: the first group was given probiotic Probion-forte in dose of 1.0 g/kg (10 weeks); the second one – Probion in dose of 1.0 g/kg (6 weeks) and 0.5 g/kg (4 weeks); the third one was given probiotic Bio Plus 2B in dose of 0.4 g/kg for 10 weeks; and the fourth one was a control group. The compound feed was provided according to norms recommended for big white breed taking into account age. On the 42nd day (6 weeks) and on the 70th day of test 10 units were selected for haematological, pathomorphological and microbiological tests. The productivity of animals of all studied groups was evaluated by the average daily gains, safety, feed conversion and slaughter output. The stabilized with EDTA piglets’ blood was used for morphological studies, and blood serum – for biochemical studies. The clinical trials have shown that the application of Probion-forte, as a feed additive for fattening of piglets within 10 weeks after weaning, did not cause adverse reactions, was well tolerated by animals and contributed to the improvement of the processes of erythropoiesis and leucopoiesis, increased of serum total protein content. The increasing activity of serum transaminases indicated more intense metabolic processes in experimental animals’ organism, which was confirmed by increase in average daily weight gains and slaughter output compared to control. In the microscopic examination of the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, intestines, liver, the characteristic histological structure of the organs was preserved and indicated their active morphofunctional state throughout the study period. Morphometrically the increase in the height of the villi in the duodenum and the size of the thymus lobes in piglets, which were fed with probiotic feed additives was established. The efficiency and appropriateness of the application of these products was confirmed in the first and second experimental groups. However, the most significant difference was observed in piglets fed with Probion-forte for 10 weeks at a dose of 1.0 g/kg of feed.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in the Spotted Stinger Inimicus sinensis (Valenciennes, 1833) and notes on pore structures on the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Meristic Counts ◽  
Fin Ray

Spotted stinger individuals, Inimicus sinensis, collected from Carles, Iloilo, Philippines exhibited previously-unreported sexual dimorphism. Thirty-three morphological measurements, including standard length, and fourteen meristic counts from 99 specimens (47 males and 52 females) were analyzed for sexual dimorphism. Most morphometric characters differed significantly between the sexes, whereas no differences were found in meristic counts. Dorsal and anal-fin and free pectoral-fin ray lengths were greater in male specimens. On the other hand, the head and body region were relatively larger in female specimens. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extracted two principal components from significantly different parameters, which explained 62.29 % of the cumulative variances. Variations in the two major components resulted from: head width, upper jaw, lower jaw, snout, pre-dorsal, pre-anal-fin, and anal-fin base lengths in PC1 (45.65 %); and orbit diameter and anal-fin base length in PC2 (16.64 %). Additionally, a single anterolateral pore on the body and pores above the lateral-line are described, although no evidence of association with other organs was found.

The combination of bivariate and multivariate methods to analyze character synchronization and early allometric growth patterns in the stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) as tools for better understanding larval behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1528-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Eshaghzadeh ◽  
Carles Alcaraz ◽  
Arash Akbarzadeh ◽  
Enric Gisbert
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Acipenser Stellatus ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Median Fins

Multivariate allometry patterns and length at metamorphosis (Lm) were determined in Acipenser stellatus by means of principal component analysis from 12 morphometric characters. The multivariate analysis differentiated three growth stanzas: the prelarval, larval, and early juvenile stages. The prelarval stage comprised the period from hatching (9.7 mm in total length, TL) to the transition to exogenous feeding (17.7 mm TL, Lm1), a period characterized by yolk sac depletion and fast growth of the anterior and posterior body regions. These changes coincided with the development of sensory, feeding, respiratory, and swimming systems to improve foraging behavior and predator avoidance. During the larval period (17.7–52.8 mm, Lm1–Lm2), specimens reached a juvenile phenotype characterized by the development of median fins, elongation and flattening of the snout and formation of bony scutes, and the improvement of their swimming capacities, allowing larvae to regulate their dispersal distance from the spawning grounds. The end of the larval period and acquisition of the juvenile phenotype were found after Lm2 when some variables reached isometry or even displayed a negative allometric growth.

Development of sexual characters in the cave shrimp genus Troglocaris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) and their applicability in taxonomy

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2488 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JURE JUGOVIC ◽  
SIMONA PREVORČNIK ◽  
BORIS SKET
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

In most Atyidae species, male pleopods I–II are specifically shaped in adults. In some species, the same holds true for male pereopods III–V. Due to the age and sex-dependent morphology of these structures, which are presumably used during mating, certain taxonomic mistakes in species diagnoses and identifications have occurred in the past. We studied the morphological development of these appendages in males of the cave shrimp Troglocaris (Troglocaris) planinensis Birštejn, 1948 (= W-Slo phylogroup by Zakšek et al. 2009). In addition, we examined the ontogeny of these structures in males and females from other phylogroups of the subgenus Troglocaris Dormitzer, as well as in the subgenera Spelaeocaris Matjašič, 1956 and Troglocaridella Babić, 1922. Multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) on males from the subgenus Troglocaris, confirmed the division of late ontogenetic development into sequential phases. The results indicate that in atyids (1) only mature specimens should be considered when searching for reliable morphological differences between closely related species, (2) pleopods and pereopods show diverse differentiation between taxa, preventing the reliable ascertainment of maturity at all times, (3) body size is often not a reliable indicator of maturity, (4) generally, only very rich samples ensure the presence of the fully mature males that are needed for adequate morphological studies.

scholarly journals Identification of morphometric variation of Aegel marmelos (L.) Correa correlated with habitat types in Western Terai

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-017
Author(s):  
Bimal Bahadur Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Grouping Pattern ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Disc Level ◽  
East West

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa locally called “Bael” is an economically important plant mainly harvested and traded for medicinal as well as religious purposes. Most of the collection of the plant is from forest. Due to habitat change, deforestation and over harvesting, it is feared that such important plant and its precious genetic diversity may be lost from the nature. Responding to these challenges a major initiative has been launched in the Western Terai Landscape Complex of Nepal to identify morphometric variability in A. marmelos. Morphometric characters variation of this species in Western Terai Landscape Complex was statically and numerically evaluated. Sixteen populations were analysed, using 27 morphological characters of leaves and fruit, collected during 2007/2008 naturally. Most of the morphological characters were not significant with the east-west longitudinal gradient except few were, probably because of small gradient. The variation in the A. marmelos is clearly verified by uni- and multivariate statistics. Highest variation was observed in the (DL) Disc Level (CV= 6.08) from different morphometric characters and later that in PL and B. These DL, PL and B were determining characters of morphometric variation. Similarly, principal component and cluster analysis through forming dendrogram of morphometric traits indicated different grouping pattern of populations. The populations that are nearer to each other are not cluster together. At different sites of sampling analysis of variance in the morphometric traits revealed remarkable variation among population.

scholarly journals Morphometric variation of Middle-American cichlids: Theraps– Paraneetroplus clade (Actinopterygii: Cichliformes: Cichlidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412
Author(s):  
Yanet Elizabeth Aguilar-Contreras ◽  
Alfonso A. González-Díaz ◽  
Omar Mejía ◽  
Rocío Rodiles-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Mean Values

This study assesses the patterns of variation in body shape, and relations of morphological similarity among species of the Theraps–Paraneetroplus clade in order to determine whether body shape may be a trait in phylogenetic relations. A total of 208 specimens belonging to 10 species of the Theraps–Paraneetroplus clade were examined. The left side of each specimen was photographed; in each photograph, 27 fixed landmarks were placed to identify patterns in body shape variation. Images were processed by using geometric morphometrics, followed by a phylogenetic principal component analysis. The phylogenetic signal for body shape was then calculated. To determine the relations in morphological similarity, a dendrogram was created using the unweighted pair group method and arithmetic mean values, while a Procrustes ANOVA and post-hoc test were used to evaluate significant differences between species and habitats. We found three morphological groups that differed in body length and depth, head size, and the position of the mouth and eyes. The body shape analysis recovered the morphotypes of seven species, and statistical differences were demonstrated in eight species. Based on traits associated with cranial morphology, Wajpamheros nourissati (Allgayer, 1989) differed the most among the species examined. No phylogenetic signal was found for body shape; this trait shows independence from ancestral relatedness, indicating that there is little congruence between morphological and genetic interspecific patterns. As evidenced by the consistently convergent morphology of the species in the Theraps–Paraneetroplus clade, the diversification of the group is related to an ecological opportunity for habitat use and the exploitation of food resources. Although no phylogenetic signal was detected for body shape, there appears to be an order associated with cranial morphology-based phylogeny. However, it is important to evaluate the intraspecific morphologic plasticity produced by ecological segregation or partitioning of resources. Therefore, future morphological evolutionary studies should consider cranial structures related to the capture and processing of food.

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