scholarly journals Preferred temperature and thermal breadth of birds wintering in peninsular Spain – the limited effect of temperature on species distribution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Carrascal ◽  
Sara Villén-Pérez ◽  
David Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thermal Preferences ◽  
Peninsular Spain

Background. Availability of environmental energy, as measured by temperature, is expected to limit the abundance and distribution of endotherms wintering at temperate latitudes. A prediction of this hypothesis is that birds should attain their highest abundances in warmer areas. However, there may be a spatial mismatch between species preferred habitats and species preferred temperatures, so some species might end-up wintering in sub-optimal thermal environments. Methods. We model the influence of minimum winter temperature on the relative abundance of 106 terrestrial bird species wintering in peninsular Spain, at 10x10 Km2 resolution, using 95%-quantile regressions. We analyze general trends across species on the shape of the response curves, the environmental preferred temperature (at which the species abundance is maximized), the mean temperature in the area of distribution and the thermal breadth (area under the abundance-temperature curve). Results. There is a large interspecific variability on the thermal preferences and specialization of species. Despite this large variability, there is a preponderance of positive relationships between species abundance and temperature, and on average species attain their maximum abundances in areas 1.9 ºC warmer than the average temperature available in peninsular Spain. The mean temperature in the area of distribution is lower than the thermal preferences of the species, although both parameters are highly correlated. Discussion. Most species prefer the warmest environments to overwinter, which suggests that temperature imposes important restrictions to birds wintering in the Iberian Peninsula. However, most individuals overwinter in locations colder than the species thermal preferences, probably reflecting a limitation of environments combining habitat and thermal preferences. Beyond these general trends, there is a high inter-specific variation in the versatility of species using the available thermal space .

scholarly journals Preferred temperature and thermal breadth of birds wintering in peninsular Spain – the limited effect of temperature on species distribution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Carrascal ◽  
Sara Villén-Pérez ◽  
David Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thermal Preferences ◽  
Peninsular Spain

Background. Availability of environmental energy, as measured by temperature, is expected to limit the abundance and distribution of endotherms wintering at temperate latitudes. A prediction of this hypothesis is that birds should attain their highest abundances in warmer areas. However, there may be a spatial mismatch between species preferred habitats and species preferred temperatures, so some species might end-up wintering in sub-optimal thermal environments. Methods. We model the influence of minimum winter temperature on the relative abundance of 106 terrestrial bird species wintering in peninsular Spain, at 10x10 Km2 resolution, using 95%-quantile regressions. We analyze general trends across species on the shape of the response curves, the environmental preferred temperature (at which the species abundance is maximized), the mean temperature in the area of distribution and the thermal breadth (area under the abundance-temperature curve). Results. There is a large interspecific variability on the thermal preferences and specialization of species. Despite this large variability, there is a preponderance of positive relationships between species abundance and temperature, and on average species attain their maximum abundances in areas 1.9 ºC warmer than the average temperature available in peninsular Spain. The mean temperature in the area of distribution is lower than the thermal preferences of the species, although both parameters are highly correlated. Discussion. Most species prefer the warmest environments to overwinter, which suggests that temperature imposes important restrictions to birds wintering in the Iberian Peninsula. However, most individuals overwinter in locations colder than the species thermal preferences, probably reflecting a limitation of environments combining habitat and thermal preferences. Beyond these general trends, there is a high inter-specific variation in the versatility of species using the available thermal space .

scholarly journals Preferred temperature and thermal breadth of birds wintering in peninsular Spain: the limited effect of temperature on species distribution

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Carrascal ◽  
Sara Villén-Pérez ◽  
David Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thermal Preferences ◽  
Peninsular Spain

Background.The availability of environmental energy, as measured by temperature, is expected to limit the abundance and distribution of endotherms wintering at temperate latitudes. A prediction of this hypothesis is that birds should attain their highest abundances in warmer areas. However, there may be a spatial mismatch between species preferred habitats and species preferred temperatures, so some species might end-up wintering in sub-optimal thermal environments.Methods.We model the influence of minimum winter temperature on the relative abundance of 106 terrestrial bird species wintering in peninsular Spain, at 10 ×10 km2resolution, using 95%-quantile regressions. We analyze general trends across species on the shape of the response curves, the environmental preferred temperature (at which the species abundance is maximized), the mean temperature in the area of distribution and the thermal breadth (area under the abundance-temperature curve).Results.Temperature explains a low proportion of variation in abundance. The most significant effect is on limiting the maximum potential abundance of species. Considering this upper-limit response, there is a large interspecific variability on the thermal preferences and specialization of species. Overall, there is a preponderance of positive relationships between species abundance and temperature; on average, species attain their maximum abundances in areas 1.9 °C warmer than the average temperature available in peninsular Spain. The mean temperature in the area of distribution is lower than the thermal preferences of the species.Discussion.Many species prefer the warmest areas to overwinter, which suggests that temperature imposes important restrictions to birds wintering in the Iberian Peninsula. However, one third of species overwinter in locations colder than their thermal preferences, probably reflecting the interaction between habitat and thermal requirements. There is a high inter-specific variation in the versatility of species using the available thermal space, and the limited effect of temperature highlights the role of other environmental factors determining species abundance.

scholarly journals Occurrence data may provide unreliable thermal preferences and breadth of species

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Villén-Pérez ◽  
Luis M. Carrascal
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Thermal Preferences

Abstract Accurate information on the thermal preference and specialization of species is needed to understand and predict species geographical range size and vulnerability to climate change. Here we estimate the position and breadth of species within thermal gradients based on the shape of the response curve of species abundance to temperature. The objective of the study is to compare the measurements of this approach based on abundance data with those of the classical approach using species’ occurrence data. The relationship between species’ relative abundance and minimum winter temperature of 106 bird species wintering in the Iberian Peninsula is modeled at 100 Km2 resolution with quadratic logistic regressions. From these models we calculated the preferred temperature of species as the temperature at which the abundance is maximized, and the thermal breadth of species as the relative area under the temperature-abundance curve. We also estimated the thermal preferences and breadth of species as the average temperature and temperature range of the UTM cells in which the species are present. The abundance-temperature response curves reveal that birds prefer higher temperatures to overwinter, and are more thermally selective, than is measured by the classical approach. Moreover, response curves detect a higher inter-specific variability in both thermal preferences and thermal breadth of species. As occurrence data gives the same weight to cells with one or many individuals, the average temperature of the cells in which the species is present roughly reflects the average temperature in the region of study and not the environmental preferences of species.

scholarly journals Using the “mean temperature of the catch” to assess fish community responses to warming in a temperate lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Külli Kangur ◽  
Erki Tammiksaar ◽  
Daniel Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Fish Community ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Segmented Regression ◽  
Lake Peipsi ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Catch Data ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThis contribution applies the “mean temperature of the catch” (MTC) concept of Cheung et al. (Nature 497:365–368, 2013) to fish catch data for Lake Peipsi, Estonia/Russia, covering the years 1931 to 2019. The preferred temperature of each of the ten target fish species was obtained from the literature, and combined with the species-specific catch data to obtain MTC values for each year. The analysis of the MTC time series thus obtained with a segmented regression yielded two trend lines, one horizontal at 14.5 °C (1931–1986), and the other (1987–2019) ascending with a slope 0.85 °C·decade−1. Overall, the segmented regression model explains over half of the variance of the MTC data set (multiple R2 = 0.53; adjusted R2 = 0.51). Lake surface water temperatures correlate with MTC, even though weakly (r = 0.30), when considering a 2-year time lag. The fish community of the shallow Lake Peipsi reacts more strongly to temperature changes than marine ecosystems so far studied using the MTC.

scholarly journals Dependency of COVID-19 Spread on Temperature in Rajasthan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUKUL SOLANKI
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

To evaluate the dependency of COVID-19 on the temperature, by analyzing secondary data, considering temperature as the only dependent environmental factor. Taking the mean temperature and number of cases from 02nd March to 26th May 2020. We find out the relationship between the number of cases of COVID-19 and mean temperature in Rajasthan by finding the mean and percentage increase of both, and we evaluate that there is no any effect of temperature on coronavirus disease cases in Rajasthan there may be some other environmental factor and extraneous factors which may affect the number of cases.

scholarly journals XV. Experiments relative to the effect of temperature on the refractive index and dispersive power of expansible fluids, and on the influence of these changes in a telescope with a fluid lens

1828 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 313-317
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Dispersive Power

In a paper I had the honour to present to the Royal Society in January last, relative to the construction of achromatic telescopes with fluid lenses, I have stated that between the temperatures of 31° and 84° I had not been able to detect any very sensible change in the index denoting the focal length of the telescope: these observations however being made at intervals of some months, I was doubtful whether there might not be some minute variation which had escaped my notice; and I have since, by means of temperature artificially produced, ascertained that there is a certain small change, and the amount of that change, which is 154/1000ths of an inch in the length of the telescope employed, between each of these extremes and the mean temperature of 57°. That is, the eye-piece of the telescope and the fluid lens being fixed, as was the case in this instrument, the plate lens required an adjustment of 0.134 of an inch, between the temperature of 57° and each of the above extremes, to produce the brightest and most perfect image. Before I proceed, however, to detail the results of my inquiry on these subjects, it will be proper to define a few terms which appear in one or two instances to have been misunderstood.

Thermal preferences of resistant and susceptible strains ofBiomphalaria glabrata(Gastropoda) exposed toschistosoma mansoni(Trematoda)

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lefcort ◽  
C. J. Bayne
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thermal Preferences

The thermal preferences of two strains of the snailBiomphalaria glabrata, one resistant to, and one susceptible to, the parasiteSchistosoma mansoniwere determined in an aquatic thermal gradient. Snails were tested without exposure to the parasite, and 2 h and 5 weeks after exposure to trematode miracidia. The mean temperature selected by susceptible strain snails 2 h post-exposure tended to be lower than that of unexposed controls, although this was not statistically significant. In this strain, at 5 weeks post-exposure, the preferred temperature dropped by 1.9±0.5°C. The resistant strain displayed a significant drop of 1.8±0.6°C 2 h post-exposure. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a drop in mean temperatures selected by snails is due to altered levels of endogenous cytokines such as IL-1 or TNF in association with parasite activation of the snail internal defense system.

OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION TEST FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jacob Koed ◽  
Christian Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Comparison of the dose-response curves for LH of ovine origin (NIH-LH-S8) and of human origin (IRP-HMG-2) using the OAAD test showed a small, though statistically significant difference, the dose-response curve for LH of human origin being a little flatter. Two standard curves for ovine LH obtained with 14 months' interval, were parallel but at different levels of ovarian ascorbic acid. When the mean ascorbic acid depletions were calculated as percentages of the control levels, the two curves for NIH-LH-S8 were identical. The use of standards of human origin in the OAAD test for LH activity of human preparations is recommended.

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