scholarly journals Empirical assessment of transgene flow from transgenic poplar plantation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Hu ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Xingling Chen ◽  
Jinhui Lv ◽  
Huixia Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Transgenic Poplar ◽  
Poplar Plantation ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Transgene Flow ◽  
Poplar Plantations

To assess the possible impact of transgenic poplar plantations on the ecosystem, we analyzed the frequency and distance of gene flow from a mature male transgenic Populus nigra carried Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene (Bt-OE poplar) plantation, and the survival of Bt-OE poplar seeds as well. The resultant Bt-OE poplar seeds occurred at a frequency from ~0.15% at 0 m to ~0.02% at 500 m far away from the Bt-OE poplar. The Bt-OE poplar seeds weaken and even lost germinated activation within 3 weeks in the field (from 68% to 0%), compared to the 48% germination rate after 3 weeks in 4°C. The survival rate of seedlings in the field is 0% without any treatments, but increased to 1.7% under four treatments (Clean and trim, watering, weeding, and cover with plastic to keep moisture) together after seeded in the field for eight weeks. Results of this study indicate that gene flow originated from Bt-OE poplar plantation through pollen and seed could happen at a very low rate and in a limited range in natural conditions. This study provide the first-hand field data on the extent of transgene flow in poplar plantations, and offer guidance for risk assessment of transgenic poplar plantations.

scholarly journals Empirical assessment of transgene flow from transgenic poplar plantation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Hu ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Xingling Chen ◽  
Jinhui Lv ◽  
Huixia Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Transgenic Poplar ◽  
Poplar Plantation ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Transgene Flow ◽  
Poplar Plantations

To assess the possible impact of transgenic poplar plantations on the ecosystem, we analyzed the frequency and distance of gene flow from a mature male transgenic Populus nigra carried Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene (Bt-OE poplar) plantation, and the survival of Bt-OE poplar seeds as well. The resultant Bt-OE poplar seeds occurred at a frequency from ~0.15% at 0 m to ~0.02% at 500 m far away from the Bt-OE poplar. The Bt-OE poplar seeds weaken and even lost germinated activation within 3 weeks in the field (from 68% to 0%), compared to the 48% germination rate after 3 weeks in 4°C. The survival rate of seedlings in the field is 0% without any treatments, but increased to 1.7% under four treatments (Clean and trim, watering, weeding, and cover with plastic to keep moisture) together after seeded in the field for eight weeks. Results of this study indicate that gene flow originated from Bt-OE poplar plantation through pollen and seed could happen at a very low rate and in a limited range in natural conditions. This study provide the first-hand field data on the extent of transgene flow in poplar plantations, and offer guidance for risk assessment of transgenic poplar plantations.

Transgenic poplar gene flow monitoring in China.

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jian-Jun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Security Evaluation ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Transgenic Poplar ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Wood Demand

Abstract Poplar is cultivated widely for pulpwood, firewood, and timber. Transgenic poplar may be part of a solution for wood demand in China. Because transgene escape is an important part of ecological security evaluation of transgenic plants, in this chapter we discuss a real transgenic poplar case study. In this case study, mature transgenic male Populus nigra plants harbored a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene (i.e. Bt poplar). A plantation of these plants served as a testbed for a relevant example for gene flow monitoring in China. Furthermore, we discuss environmental risk assessment (ERA) of these transgenic plants. While transgenes can drift to related species through natural and controlled pollination, the probability of transgene drift appears to be very low in the field. The resultantBt poplar seeds occurred at a frequency from about 0.15% at 0 m to about 0.02% at 500 m away from the Bt poplar. The Bt poplar progeny seeds had decreased germination within 3 weeks in the field (from 68% to 0%), compared with the 48% germination rate after 3 weeks at 4°C. The survival rate of seedlings in the field was 0% without any treatments, but increased to 1.7% under four combined treatments (clean and trim, watering, weeding, and cover with plastic to retain moisture) after being seeded in the field for 8 weeks. Hybrid offspring appeared to possess segregated traits following artificially controlled pollination. While hybrids of transgenic poplar and non-transgenic poplar can be excellent germplasm, gene flow should be monitored. Transgene expression in grafted scion and rootstock of transgenic poplar is reviewed. The transgenic poplar studied appears to be safe; no ecological or environmental harm has been observed in China.

scholarly journals An Empirical Assessment of Transgene Flow from a Bt Transgenic Poplar Plantation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0170201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Hu ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Xingling Chen ◽  
Jinhui Lv ◽  
Huixia Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Poplar ◽  
Poplar Plantation ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Transgene Flow

scholarly journals Safety verification of genetically modified rice morphology, hereditary nature, and quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Won Jeon ◽  
Jae-Ryoung Park ◽  
Yoon-Hee Jang ◽  
Eun-Gyeong Kim ◽  
Taehun Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Gm Plants ◽  
Gm Rice

Abstract Background The drought environment occurs frequently due to the unpredictable future climate change, and drought has a direct negative impact on crops, such as yield reduction. Drought events are random, frequent, and persistent. Molecular breeding can be used to create drought-tolerant food crops, but the safety of genetically modified (GM) plants must be demonstrated before they can be adopted. In this research, the environmental risk of drought-tolerant GM rice was explored by assessing phenotype and gene flow. Drought resistance genes CaMsrB2 inserted HV8 and HV23 were used as GM rice to analyze the possibility of various agricultural traits and gene flow along with non-GM rice. Results When the traits 1000-grain weight, grain length/width, and yield, were compared with GM rice and non-GM rice, all agricultural traits of GM rice and non-GM rice were the same. In addition, when the germination rate, viviparous germination rate, pulling strength, and bending strength were compared to analyze the possibility of weediness, all characteristic values of GM rice and non-GM rice were the same. Protein, amylose, and moisture, the major nutritional elements of rice, were also the same. Conclusions The results of this research are that GM rice and non-GM rice were the same in all major agricultural traits except for the newly assigned characteristics, and no gene mobility occurred. Therefore, GM rice can be used as a means to solve the food problem in response to the unpredictable era of climate change in the future.

scholarly journals Analysis of commercial profitability of poplar plantations aged 24 years

2008 ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Keca ◽  
Nenad Rankovic ◽  
Sanja Pajic
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Poplar Plantation ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Poplar Plantations

The commercial profitability of poplar cultivation was analysed in an artificial poplar plantation, rotation 25 years. The aim of the study was to check the justification of the invested financial means in artificial poplar plantations, based on the analysis of costs and receipts in the period of 25 years, by using the method of analysis of commercial profitability. The evaluation of investments was performed by modern methods which, in this way, found their practical implementation in forestry.

Assessing environmental impact of pollen-mediated transgene flow.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Bao-Rong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Fitness Effect ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Transgene Flow

Abstract Potential environmental impact caused by pollen-mediated transgene flow from commercially cultivated genetically engineered (GE) crops to their non-GE crop counterparts and to their wild and weedy relatives has aroused tremendous biosafety concerns worldwide. This chapter provides information on the concept and classification of gene flow, the framework of the environmental biosafety assessment caused by pollen-mediated gene flow, and relevant case studies about transgene flow and its environmental impact. In general, gene flow refers to the movement of genes or genetic materials from a plant population to other populations. Crop-to- crop transgene flow at a considerable frequency may result in transgene 'contamination' of non-GE crops, causing potential food/feed biosafety problems and regional or international trade disputes. Crop-to- wild/weedy transgene flow may bring about environmental impacts, such as creating more invasive weeds, threatening local populations of wild relative species, or affecting genetic diversity of wild relatives, if the incorporated transgene can normally express in the recipient wild/weedy plants and significantly alter the fitness of the wild/weedy plants and populations. It is therefore necessary to establish a proper protocol to assess the potential environmental impacts caused by transgene flow. Three steps are important for assessing potential environment impacts of transgene flow to wild/weedy relatives: (i) to accurately measure the frequencies of transgene flow: (ii) to determine the expression level of a transgene incorporated in wild/weedy populations; and (iii) to estimate the fitness effect (benefit or cost) conferred by expression of a transgene in wild/weedy populations. The recently reported case of non-random allele transmission into GE and non-GE hybrid lineages or experimental populations challenges the traditional method of estimating the fitness effect for the assessment of environmental impacts of transgene flow. Furthermore, case studies of transgenic mitigation (TM) strategies illustrate ways that may reduce the impacts of a transgene on wild/weedy populations if crop-to- wild/weedy transgene flow is not preventable, such as in the case of gene flow from crop rice to its co-occurring weedy rice.

Gene flow from imidazolinone-resistant domesticated sunflower to wild relatives

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Massinga ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Paul St. Amand ◽  
Jerry F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Resistant Gene ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Progeny ◽  
Domesticated Sunflower

Gene flow from imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant domestic sunflower to IMI-susceptible common sunflower and prairie sunflower was studied. Under greenhouse conditions, pollen from IMI-resistant domesticated sunflower was applied to flower heads of IMI-susceptible common and prairie sunflower. In addition, field studies were conducted in 2000 and 2001 near Manhattan, KS, to evaluate IMI-resistant gene flow from IMI-resistant domesticated sunflower to common and prairie sunflower under natural conditions. Common and prairie sunflower were planted in concentric circles at distances of 2.5, 5, 15, and 30 m around a densely planted IMI-resistant domesticated sunflower species. For both greenhouse and field studies, IMI-resistant gene flow was determined by treating the progeny of both wild species with 40 g ai ha−1of imazamox. Greenhouse crosses made by hand showed that 94% of common sunflower and 79% of prairie sunflower were resistant or moderately resistant. The resistant plants were allowed to grow in the greenhouse and were backcrossed with the corresponding susceptible wild parents. Progeny of the backcross showed a 1:1 ratio of resistant to susceptible plants. In the field, gene flow was detected up to 30 m from the pollen source for both species, and it decreased as distance from the pollen source increased. In 2000, 11 to 22% of the progeny were resistant at 2.5 m from the pollen source and 0.3 to 5% were resistant at 30 m. In 2001, the number of resistant progeny did not exceed 7 and 2% at 2.5 and 30 m from the pollen source, respectively. The results of this study showed that IMI-resistant domesticated sunflower outcrosses with common and prairie sunflower over distances typically encountered near production fields. Also, backcrosses of resistant hybrids with wild parents are successful, further increasing the potential for the spread of IMI-resistant feral sunflowers.

scholarly journals Trends and Prospects in Ontario's Poplar Plantation Management

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zsuffa ◽  
H. W. Anderson ◽  
P. Jaciw
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Poplar Plantation ◽  
Plantation Management ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Stock Type ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Intensively Managed

The hybrid poplar plantation management systems and objectives, some of the problems, and the results of work to date are summarized.Short-rotation poplar plantations are of regularly spaced traditional-size trees, intensively managed in monoculture. Silvicultural problems are associated with clonal selection, site selection and treatment, spacing, and planting stock type. The mean annual increments of best varieties have reached at 12 years of age 29 m3/ha (400 cu. ft./acre).Forest type poplar plantations are established in logged forest areas. These are less intensively managed.Fast growing poplar and associated shade tolerant hardwoods and conifers are planted in mixed plantations (poplar polyculture) on highly variable sites. Beneficial influences are apparent on the stem quality and phenology of associated trees. Growth stimulating effects, increased site utilization and disease resistance are expected.In mini-rotation system, average dry yields of 8 t/ha/a (3.5 tons/acre/yr) or more are produced in closely-spaced, intensively-managed 1- to 3-year-old coppice plantations. Pulping tests indicate satisfactory qualities. In addition, many other uses, from petrochemical replacement to food, have potential. The management problems under study are: clonal selection, site treatments, spacing, and mechanization.

scholarly journals Experimental study of gene flow between wild and cultivated Pennisetum glaucum

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. -F. Renno ◽  
T. Winkel ◽  
F. Bonnefous ◽  
G. Bezançon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Wild Sample

Under natural conditions, wild and cultivated pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br., exchanged genes for millenia and, nevertheless, maintain high morphological differentiation. Under experimental conditions in the Sahel, hybridization between wild and cultivated pearl millet was measured using isozymic markers and interpreted in relation to the phenology of the plants. Gene flows were asymmetric, engendering 8% of hybrids in the progeny of the wild phenotype, 45% in that of the cultivated phenotype, and 39% in that of the intermediate "shibra" phenotype; these last two phenotypes constitute the sample of cultivated pearl millet. The proportion of hybrids in the progeny of the wild sample was time dependent during the flowering phase of cultivated pearl millet. The proportion of hybrids produced by the cultivated pearl millet was not time dependent. In the seeds produced by the cultivated phenotype along its reproductive phase, the proportion of viable seeds was negatively correlated with the frequency of hybrids. Likewise, the speed of germination of seeds produced by the cultivated or the shibra phenotypes was negatively correlated with the frequency of the hybrids that they contained. The effects of balancing among genetic intermixing, isolation and reproduction barriers, and differential anthropic and natural selection pressures are discussed to better understand the evolution and the maintenance of the polymorphism of Pennisetum glaucum. Key words: pearl millet, wild pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, gene flow, domestication, hybrid.

Indirect estimates reveal the potential of transgene flow in the crop–wild–weed Sorghum bicolor complex in its centre of origin, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-505
Author(s):  
Asfaw Adugna ◽  
Endashaw Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Transgene Flow ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstractA study was carried out between 2008 and 2011 to investigate the potential risks of gene flow and its consequences in the crop–wild–weed S. bicolor complex in Ethiopia to aid efforts to conserve genetic diversity. Morphological measurements and genomic DNA samples were taken in situ from 30 wild and eight cultivated populations representing a total of 760 samples from five regions. Genetic diversity, gene flow, population structure and outcrossing rates of wild populations were computed using phenotypic measurements and/or polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Moreover, morphological analyses of fitness of crop–wild hybrids were studied. High diversity was observed among the wild/weedy sorghum populations for phenotypic traits and SSRs. SSR diversity was high in both wild and cultivated populations, but the magnitude was greater in the former. Gene flow between the wild and the cultivated sorghum was observed to be higher than that within either pool. Wild sorghums exhibited variation in the multilocus outcrossing rate (range = 0.31–0.65) and fitness was not compromised in most wild × crop hybrids. The study indicated that crop-to-wild gene flow is possible in Ethiopia. Thus, genes from transgenic sorghum are expected to enter into the wild and non-transgenic cultivated populations and may spread and persist, if transgenic sorghum is deployed in Ethiopia and in other countries of Africa, which may pose risk of introduction of unwanted effects, which in turn may lead to loss of genetic diversity.

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