scholarly journals Re-examining the relationship between invasive lionfish and native grouper in the Caribbean

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Valdivia ◽  
John F Bruno ◽  
Courtney Cox ◽  
Serena Hackerott ◽  
Stephanie Green
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Invasive Lionfish ◽  
Caribbean Coral Reefs ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
The Relationship

Biotic resistance is the idea that native species negatively affect the invasion success of introduced species, but whether this can occur at large spatial scales is poorly understood. Here we re-evaluated the hypothesis that native large-bodied grouper and other predators are controlling the abundance of exotic lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) on Caribbean coral reefs. We assessed the relationship between the biomass of lionfish and native predators at 71 reefs in three biogeographic regions while taking into consideration several cofactors that may affect fish abundance, including among others, proxies for fishing pressure and habitat structural complexity. Our results indicate that the abundance of lionfish, large-bodied grouper and other predators were not negatively related. Lionfish abundance was instead controlled by several physical site characteristics, and possibly by culling. Taken together, our results suggest that managers cannot rely on current native grouper populations to control the lionfish invasion.

scholarly journals Re-examining the relationship between invasive lionfish and native grouper in the Caribbean

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Valdivia ◽  
John F Bruno ◽  
Courtney Cox ◽  
Serena Hackerott ◽  
Stephanie Green
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Invasive Lionfish ◽  
Caribbean Coral Reefs ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
The Relationship

Biotic resistance is the idea that native species negatively affect the invasion success of introduced species, but whether this can occur at large spatial scales is poorly understood. Here we re-evaluated the hypothesis that native large-bodied grouper and other predators are controlling the abundance of exotic lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) on Caribbean coral reefs. We assessed the relationship between the biomass of lionfish and native predators at 71 reefs in three biogeographic regions while taking into consideration several cofactors that may affect fish abundance, including among others, proxies for fishing pressure and habitat structural complexity. Our results indicate that the abundance of lionfish, large-bodied grouper and other predators were not negatively related. Lionfish abundance was instead controlled by several physical site characteristics, and possibly by culling. Taken together, our results suggest that managers cannot rely on current native grouper populations to control the lionfish invasion.

scholarly journals Testing the grouper biocontrol hypothesis: A response to Mumby et al. 2013

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Bruno ◽  
Abel Valdivia ◽  
Serena Hackerott ◽  
Courtney E Cox ◽  
Stephaine Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Caribbean Coral ◽  
Caribbean Coral Reefs ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
The Relationship

Biotic resistance is the idea that native species negatively affect the invasion success of introduced species. We tested the hypothesis that native grouper are controlling the abundance of exotic lionfish on Caribbean coral reefs by assessing the relationship between the density and biomass of lionfish and native predators at 71 reefs in three biogeographic regions. Our results indicated that: (a) the abundance of lionfish and large grouper are not negatively related, and (b) lionfish abundance is controlled by a number of physical site characteristics, and possibly by culling. Taken together, our results suggest that managers cannot rely on native grouper populations to control the lionfish invasion. Mumby et al. (2013) objected to several aspects of our analysis and conclusions. Here we address their criticisms and argue that our original conclusions are valid.

scholarly journals Testing the grouper biocontrol hypothesis: A response to Mumby et al. 2013

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Bruno ◽  
Abel Valdivia ◽  
Serena Hackerott ◽  
Courtney E Cox ◽  
Stephaine Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Caribbean Coral ◽  
Caribbean Coral Reefs ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
The Relationship

Biotic resistance is the idea that native species negatively affect the invasion success of introduced species. We tested the hypothesis that native grouper are controlling the abundance of exotic lionfish on Caribbean coral reefs by assessing the relationship between the density and biomass of lionfish and native predators at 71 reefs in three biogeographic regions. Our results indicated that: (a) the abundance of lionfish and large grouper are not negatively related, and (b) lionfish abundance is controlled by a number of physical site characteristics, and possibly by culling. Taken together, our results suggest that managers cannot rely on native grouper populations to control the lionfish invasion. Mumby et al. (2013) objected to several aspects of our analysis and conclusions. Here we address their criticisms and argue that our original conclusions are valid.

scholarly journals Assessing the Relationship Between Vegetation Structure and Harvestmen Assemblage in an Amazonian Upland Forest

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pío Colmenares ◽  
Fabrício B. Baccaro ◽  
Ana Lúcia Tourinho
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Arthropod Diversity ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract1. Arthropod diversity and non-flying arthropod food web are strongly influenced by habitat components related to plant architecture and habitat structural complexity. However, we still poorly understand the relationship between arthropod diversity and the vegetation structure at different spatial scales. Here, we examined how harvestmen assemblages are distributed across six local scale habitats (trees, dead trunks, palms, bushes, herbs and litter), and along three proxies of vegetation structure (number of palms, number of trees and litter depth) at mesoscale.2. We collected harvestmen using cryptic manual search in 30 permanent plots of 250 m at Reserva Ducke, Amazonas, Brazil. The 30 plots cover approximately 25 km2 of upland forests. At a local scale, harvestmen were most diverse and abundant on trees. The likely preference of trees by harvestmen may be related to the variety of local microhabitats offered by large trees. However, despite the strong link between number of harvestman species and individuals with large trees, only harvestmen assemblages composition were related with number of trees and with number of palms, at mesoscale.3. Harvestman richness and abundance were not related with any vegetation structure predictor at mesoscale. Therefore, areas of upland forest in the central Amazon with large trees and palms do not harbor more harvestman species nor individuals, but are suitable to maintain different harvestmen assemblages.

scholarly journals A test of Darwin's naturalization conundrum in birds reveals enhanced invasion success in presence of close relatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sol ◽  
Joan Garcia-Porta ◽  
César González-Lagos ◽  
Alex Pigot ◽  
Joseph Tobias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
First Century ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Close Relatives

Despite biological invasions are one of the main environmental problems of the twenty-first century, there is still no theoretical or empirical agreement on whether a high phylogenetic relatedness between exotic and native species positively or negatively affect invasion success. To resolve this conundrum, it has been proposed that the effect might be scale-dependent, being negative at smaller spatial scales and positive at larger scales. Here we show that this scale-dependent pattern may be a sampling artefact associated with species-area effects and a non-random pattern of species introductions. We support this conclusion with simulations and empirical data on invaded and non-invaded avian communities in regions from five continents. We further show that at smaller-scales —where these artifacts are negligible— invasion success generally increases with the presence of closely-related species, but that predictive accuracy largely depends on considering the influence of human-related disturbances in facilitating invasions.

Structural Aspects of Phonological Development

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Pollock ◽  
Richard G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Syllabic Structure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Aspects ◽  
Target Words

The relationship between syllabic structure and segmental development was examined longitudinally in a child with a severe phonological disorder. Six speech samples were collected over a 4-year period (3:5 to 7:3). Analyses revealed gradual increases in the complexity and diversity of the syllable structures produced, and positional preferences for sounds within these forms. With a strong preference for [d] and [n] at the beginning of syllables, other consonants appeared first at the end of syllables. Implications for clinical management of phonological disorders include the need to consider both structural position and structural complexity in assessing segmental skills and in choosing target words for intervention.

Humans and the Environment

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Environmental Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The environment has always been a central concept for archaeologists and, although it has been conceived in many ways, its role in archaeological explanation has fluctuated from a mere backdrop to human action, to a primary factor in the understanding of society and social change. Archaeology also has a unique position as its base of interest places it temporally between geological and ethnographic timescales, spatially between global and local dimensions, and epistemologically between empirical studies of environmental change and more heuristic studies of cultural practice. Drawing on data from across the globe at a variety of temporal and spatial scales, this volume resituates the way in which archaeologists use and apply the concept of the environment. Each chapter critically explores the potential for archaeological data and practice to contribute to modern environmental issues, including problems of climate change and environmental degradation. Overall the volume covers four basic themes: archaeological approaches to the way in which both scientists and locals conceive of the relationship between humans and their environment, applied environmental archaeology, the archaeology of disaster, and new interdisciplinary directions.The volume will be of interest to students and established archaeologists, as well as practitioners from a range of applied disciplines.

scholarly journals Substantial hysteresis in emergent temperature sensitivity of global wetland CH4 emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Yu Chang ◽  
William J. Riley ◽  
Sara H. Knox ◽  
Robert B. Jackson ◽  
Gavin McNicol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Model Parameterization ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Carbon

AbstractWetland methane (CH4) emissions ($${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 ) are important in global carbon budgets and climate change assessments. Currently, $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 projections rely on prescribed static temperature sensitivity that varies among biogeochemical models. Meta-analyses have proposed a consistent $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 temperature dependence across spatial scales for use in models; however, site-level studies demonstrate that $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 are often controlled by factors beyond temperature. Here, we evaluate the relationship between $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 and temperature using observations from the FLUXNET-CH4 database. Measurements collected across the globe show substantial seasonal hysteresis between $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 and temperature, suggesting larger $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$ F C H 4 sensitivity to temperature later in the frost-free season (about 77% of site-years). Results derived from a machine-learning model and several regression models highlight the importance of representing the large spatial and temporal variability within site-years and ecosystem types. Mechanistic advancements in biogeochemical model parameterization and detailed measurements in factors modulating CH4 production are thus needed to improve global CH4 budget assessments.

Crustacean zooplankton species richness: single- and multiple-year estimates

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1573-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley E Arnott ◽  
John J Magnuson ◽  
Norman D Yan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Asymptotic Approach ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temporal Extent

Richness estimates are dependent on the spatial and temporal extent of the sampling programme and the method used to predict richness. We assessed crustacean zooplankton richness in eight Canadian Shield lakes at different temporal and spatial scales using three methods of estimation: cumulative, asymptotic, and Chao's index. Percent species detected increased with the number of spatial, intraannual, or interannual samples taken. Single samples detected 50% of the annual species pool and 33% of the total estimated species pool. This suggests that previous estimates of zooplankton richness, based on single samples in individual lakes, are too low. Our richness estimates for individual lakes approach the total number of zooplankton found in some regions of Canada, suggesting that each lake has most taxa at some time, the majority being very rare. Single-year richness estimates provided poor predictions of multiple-year richness. The relationship between richness and environmental variables was dependent on the method of estimation and the number of samples used. We conclude that richness should be treated as an "index" rather than an absolute and sampling efforts should be standardized. We recommend an asymptotic approach to estimate zooplankton richness because the number of samples taken influenced it less.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document