scholarly journals Agricultural constraints on microbial resource use and niche breadth in drainage ditches

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellard R Hunting ◽  
Henrik Barmentlo ◽  
Maarten Schrama ◽  
Peter van Bodegom ◽  
Yujia Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Substrate Quality ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Natural Communities

Background. Microorganisms govern important ecosystems processes, in particular the degradation of organic matter (OM). However, microorganisms are rarely considered in efforts to monitor ecosystem health and functioning. Evidence suggests that environmental perturbations can adversely affect microbial communities and and their ability to use available substrates. However, whether impacted microbial efficiencies in extracting and utilizing the available resources (resource niche breadth) translate to changes in organic matter (OM) degradation in natural systems remains poorly understood. Methods. Here we evaluated effects of differences in organic matter (OM) related to agricultural land use (OM derived from ditches adjacent to grasslands, bulb fields and a pristine dune area) on microbial functioning. We specifically assessed 1) resource niche breadths of microbial communities during initial community assembly in laboratory microcosms and already established natural communities, and 2) how changes in community resource niche breadth translates to the degradation of natural OM. Results. A disparity existed between microbial resource niche breadth in laboratory incubations and natural microbial communities. Resource utilization and niche breadth of natural microbial communities was observed to be constrained in drainage ditches adjacent to agricultural fields. This outcome coincides with retarded degradation of natural OM collected from ditches adjacent to hyacinth bulb fields. Microbial communities in bulb field ditches further showed functional redundancy when offered grassland OM of seemingly higher substrate quality. Discussion. Results presented in this study suggest that agricultural practices can impose constraints on microbial functional diversity by reducing OM resource quality, which can subsequently translate to confined microbial resource niche differentiation and reduced organic matter degradation rates. This hints that assessments of actual microbial resource utilization and niche differentiation could potentially be used to assess the ecological health and functioning of natural communities.

scholarly journals Agricultural constraints on microbial resource use and niche breadth in drainage ditches

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellard R. Hunting ◽  
S. Henrik Barmentlo ◽  
Maarten Schrama ◽  
Peter M. van Bodegom ◽  
Yujia Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Substrate Quality ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Natural Communities

BackgroundMicroorganisms govern important ecosystems processes, in particular the degradation of organic matter (OM). However, microorganisms are rarely considered in efforts to monitor ecosystem health and functioning. Evidence suggests that environmental perturbations can adversely affect microbial communities and their ability to use available substrates. However, whether impacted microbial efficiencies in extracting and utilizing the available resources (resource niche breadth) translate to changes in OM degradation in natural systems remains poorly understood.MethodsHere we evaluated effects of differences in OM related to agricultural land use (OM derived from ditches adjacent to grasslands, bulb fields and a pristine dune area) on microbial functioning. We specifically assessed (1) resource niche breadths of microbial communities during initial community assembly in laboratory microcosms and already established natural communities, and (2) how changes in community resource niche breadth translates to the degradation of natural OM.ResultsA disparity existed between microbial resource niche breadth in laboratory incubations and natural microbial communities. Resource utilization and niche breadth of natural microbial communities was observed to be constrained in drainage ditches adjacent to agricultural fields. This outcome coincides with retarded degradation of natural OM collected from ditches adjacent to hyacinth bulb fields. Microbial communities in bulb field ditches further showed functional redundancy when offered grassland OM of seemingly higher substrate quality.DiscussionResults presented in this study suggest that agricultural practices can impose constraints on microbial functional diversity by reducing OM resource quality, which can subsequently translate to confined microbial resource niche differentiation and reduced organic matter degradation rates. This hints that assessments of actual microbial resource utilization and niche differentiation could potentially be used to assess the ecological health and functioning of natural communities.

scholarly journals Agricultural constraints on microbial resource use and niche breadth in drainage ditches

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellard R Hunting ◽  
Henrik Barmentlo ◽  
Maarten Schrama ◽  
Peter van Bodegom ◽  
Yujia Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Substrate Quality ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Natural Communities

Background. Microorganisms govern important ecosystems processes, in particular the degradation of organic matter (OM). However, microorganisms are rarely considered in efforts to monitor ecosystem health and functioning. Evidence suggests that environmental perturbations can adversely affect microbial communities and and their ability to use available substrates. However, whether impacted microbial efficiencies in extracting and utilizing the available resources (resource niche breadth) translate to changes in organic matter (OM) degradation in natural systems remains poorly understood. Methods. Here we evaluated effects of differences in organic matter (OM) related to agricultural land use (OM derived from ditches adjacent to grasslands, bulb fields and a pristine dune area) on microbial functioning. We specifically assessed 1) resource niche breadths of microbial communities during initial community assembly in laboratory microcosms and already established natural communities, and 2) how changes in community resource niche breadth translates to the degradation of natural OM. Results. A disparity existed between microbial resource niche breadth in laboratory incubations and natural microbial communities. Resource utilization and niche breadth of natural microbial communities was observed to be constrained in drainage ditches adjacent to agricultural fields. This outcome coincides with retarded degradation of natural OM collected from ditches adjacent to hyacinth bulb fields. Microbial communities in bulb field ditches further showed functional redundancy when offered grassland OM of seemingly higher substrate quality. Discussion. Results presented in this study suggest that agricultural practices can impose constraints on microbial functional diversity by reducing OM resource quality, which can subsequently translate to confined microbial resource niche differentiation and reduced organic matter degradation rates. This hints that assessments of actual microbial resource utilization and niche differentiation could potentially be used to assess the ecological health and functioning of natural communities.

scholarly journals Vertical Stratification of Dissolved Organic Matter Linked to Distinct Microbial Communities in Subtropic Estuarine Sediments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Wang ◽  
Jianchang Tao ◽  
Ke Yu ◽  
Chen He ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Enzyme Families ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
Dom Composition

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) provides carbon substrates and energy sources for sediment microbes driving benthic biogeochemical processes. The interactions between microbes and DOM are dynamic and complex and require the understanding based on fine-scale microbial community and physicochemical profiling. In this study, we characterized the porewater DOM composition in a 300-cm sediment core from the Pearl River estuary, China, and examined the interactions between DOM and archaeal and bacterial communities. DOM composition were highly stratified and associated with changing microbial communities. Compared to bacteria, the amplicon sequence variants of archaea showed significant Pearson correlations (r ≥ 0.65, P < 0.01) with DOM molecules of low H/C ratios, high C number and double bond equivalents, indicating that the distribution of archaea was closely correlated to recalcitrant DOM while bacteria were associated with relatively labile compounds. This was supported by the presence of auxiliary enzyme families essential for lignin degradation and bcrABCD, UbiX genes for anaerobic aromatic reduction in metagenome-assembled genomes of Bathyarchaeia. Our study demonstrates that niche differentiation between benthic bacteria and archaea may have important consequences in carbon metabolism, particularly for the transformation of recalcitrant organic carbon that may be predominant in aged marine sediments.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of riverine dissolved organic matter in three Baltic Sea estuaries and the effect of catchment land use

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 6969-6986 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Asmala ◽  
R. Autio ◽  
H. Kaartokallio ◽  
L. Pitkänen ◽  
C. A. Stedmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Bacterial Growth Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Degradation Rates

Abstract. The microbial degradation of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON) was studied in three Finnish boreal estuaries with contrasting land use patterns (Kiiminkijoki – natural forest and peatland; Kyrönjoki – agricultural; Karjaanjoki – mixed/urban). Bioassays of 12–18 d long durations were used in 3 seasons at in situ temperatures. Besides the bulk parameters, a suite of dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality parameters were also investigated, including colored DOM (CDOM), fluorescent DOM and the molecular weight of DOM. Bioavailable DOC and DON pools varied significantly between the estuaries, from 7.9 to 10.6% and from 5.5 to 21.9%, respectively. DOM originating from the catchment dominated by natural forests and peatlands (Kiiminkijoki) had the lowest DOC and DON degradation rates, as well as the lowest proportions of biodegradable DOC and DON. A greater proportion of agricultural land in the catchment increased the bioavailability of DON, but not the bioavailability of DOC (Kyrönjoki). Additionally, DOM quality varied significantly between the estuaries, and DOM originating from the agricultural Kyrönjoki catchment sustained higher DOC and DON degradation rates and higher bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) compared to those of the natural forest and peat dominated Kiiminkijoki catchment. The quality of DOM, indicated by differences in CDOM, fluorescent DOM and molecular weight, varied between estuaries with differing land use and was concluded to be major driver of BGE of these systems and thereafter to the microbial CO2 fluxes from the estuaries. The differences in BGE resulted in a 5-fold difference in the calculated daily bacterial CO2 emissions between the study's estuaries due to bacterial activity, ranging from 40 kg C d−1 in the Karjaanjoki estuary to 200 kg C d−1 in the Kyrönjoki estuary. Lower DOC:DON ratios, smaller molecular weight and higher CDOM absorption spectral slope values of DOM resulted in higher proportion of the initial DOC and DON being transferred to microbial growth and therefore to the pelagic food web. The pristine, peatland and forest-dominated Kiiminkijoki catchment had the lowest BGE, and therefore proportionally highest CO2 fluxes.

scholarly journals Impact of poplar on soil organic matter quality and microbial communities in arable soils  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Baum ◽  
Eckhardt K-U ◽  
J. Hahn ◽  
M. Weih ◽  
I. Dimitriou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Organic Matter Quality

Poplars grown in short rotation coppice on agricultural land are a promising bioenergy crop. This study aimed to evaluate the soil organic matter (SOM) quality and viable microbial consortium under six-years-old poplar (Populus maximowiczii) and under wheat (Triticum aestivum) at a test site in central Germany. The SOM molecular composition and stability was determined by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS). The microbial consortium was assessed in terms of microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. Py-FIMS and the PLFAs agreed in showing crop-specific differences in the SOM quality and in the associated microbial communities. Higher proportions of carbohydrates, long-chained fatty acids, sterols and suberins at the expense of N-containing compounds under poplar than under wheat were associated with lower concentrations of microbial PLFAs in the organic matter. A higher ratio of total fungal to bacterial (f/b) PLFAs, a lower ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacterial PLFAs and lower biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the organic matter were revealed under poplar than under wheat. Lower N- and increased C-availability in the SOM promoted fungal vs. bacterial colonization, increased the SOM stability by a lower decomposability and caused SOM accumulation under poplar.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of riverine dissolved organic matter in three Baltic Sea estuaries and the effect of catchment land-use

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 9819-9865 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Asmala ◽  
R. Autio ◽  
H. Kaartokallio ◽  
L. Pitkänen ◽  
C. A. Stedmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Bacterial Growth Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Degradation Rates

Abstract. The microbial degradation of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON) was studied in three boreal estuaries with contrasting land use patterns (Kiiminkijoki – natural forest and peatland; Kyrönjoki – agricultural; Karjaanjoki – mixed/urban). Bioassays conducted for 12–18 days were used in 3 seasons at in situ temperatures. Besides the bulk parameters, a suite of dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality parameters were investigated, including colored DOM (CDOM), fluorescent DOM and the molecular weight of DOM. Bioavailable DOC and DON pools varied significantly between the estuaries, from 7.9% in Kiiminkijoki to 10.6% in Karjaanjoki and from 5.5% in Kiiminkijoki to 21.9% in Kyrönjoki, respectively. DOM originating from catchment dominated by natural forests and peatlands had the lowest DOC and DON degradation rates, as well as the lowest proportions of biodegradable DOC and DON. A greater proportion of agricultural land in the catchment increased the bioavailability of DON, but not the bioavailability of DOC. Also DOM quality varied significantly between the estuaries, and DOM originating from the agricultural Kyrönjoki catchment sustained higher DOC and DON degradation rates and higher bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) compared to those of the natural forest and peat dominated Kiiminkijoki catchment. The quality of DOM, indicated by differences in CDOM, fluorescent DOM and molecular weight, varied between estuaries with differing land use and was concluded to be major driver of BGE of these systems and thereafter to the microbial CO2 fluxes from the estuaries. The differences in BGE resulted in a 5-fold differences in the calculated daily bacterial CO2-emissions between the study estuaries due to bacterial activity, ranging from 40 kg C d–1 in Karjaanjoki estuary to 200 kg C d–1 in Kyrönjoki estuary. Two of the study systems (Karjaanjoki, mixed land use; Kyrönjoki, intensive agriculture) in which the DOM pool had lower DOC : DON ratio, smaller molecular weight and higher CDOM absorption spectral slope values resulted in higher proportion of the initial DOC and DON being transferred to microbial growth and therefore to the pelagic food web. The pristine, peatland and forest-dominated Kiiminkijoki catchment had the lowest BGE, and therefore proportionally highest CO2 fluxes. The slope coefficient S275–295 was a good proxy of molecular weight across estuaries and seasons, and also for different diagenetic stages of DOM during biological degradation.

Justification of the need to increase the fertility of reclaimed alluvial soils of JSC «Moskovskoe»

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Andrey ilinsky ◽  
Alexander Nefedov ◽  
Konstantin Evsenkin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Adverse Weather

Global climatic changes, technogenic pollution by pollutants, violations of technologies of exploitation of reclaimed land lead to a decrease in fertility and soil degradation of agricultural land. Adverse weather conditions, resulting in a lack of adequate flood water, and economic difficulties in agriculture make it difficult to fill the deficit of organic matter and macronutrients in reclaimed alluvial soils. The monitoring of agrochemical properties of alluvial meadow medium-loamy soil of the stationary site (reclaimed lands of JSC «Moskovskoye» of Ryazan region), located in the floodplain of the Oka river, conducted by the Meshchersky branch of Vniigim, showed the presence and intensification of degradation changes in the soil. Thus, comparing the agrochemical indicators in the layer 0–20 cm, carried out in 1995, with the indicators of 2019, it should be noted a decrease in soil fertility. The decrease in soil quality was expressed in a decrease in the amount of mobile phosphorus by 37.6 %, mobile potassium by 53.3 %. Also, during this time there was a decrease in organic matter by 9.1 %, and an increase in soil acidity was 0.6 pH. As a result of such changes, soils lose ecological stability and become more vulnerable to adverse weather and negative anthropogenic impacts. In such a situation, advanced agricultural techniques should be actively used to obtain guaranteed, environmentally safe crop yields and restore the fertility of degraded reclaimed soils. In this regard, there is a need to develop innovative methods of fertility restoration of degraded alluvial soils in reclaimed lands using multi-component organic-mineral ameliorants. Meshchersky branch performs research work in addressing this issue.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

Invasive plant-derived dissolved organic matter alters microbial communities and carbon cycling in soils

2021 ◽  
pp. 108191
Author(s):  
Morgan Luce McLeod ◽  
Lorinda Bullington ◽  
Cory C. Cleveland ◽  
Johannes Rousk ◽  
Ylva Lekberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Invasive Plant

scholarly journals Chemical and Phytocoenological Characteristics of Two Different Slovak Peatlands

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Danica Fazekašová ◽  
Gabriela Barančíková ◽  
Juraj Fazekaš ◽  
Lenka Štofejová ◽  
Ján Halas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Chemical Parameters

This paper presents the results of pedological and phytocoenological research focused on the detailed research of chemical parameters (pH, organic carbon, and nutrients), risk elements (As-metalloid, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and species composition of the vegetation of two different peatlands on the territory of Slovakia—Belianske Lúky (a fen) and Rudné (a bog). Sampling points were selected to characterize the profile of the organosol within the peatland, the soil profile between the peatland and the agricultural land, and the soil profile of the outlying agricultural land, which is used as permanent grassland. Based on phytocoenological records, a semi-quantitative analysis of taxa in accordance with the Braun–Blanquet scale was performed. The study revealed that the thickness of the peat horizon of the fen in comparison with the bog is very low. In terms of the quality of organic matter, the monitored peatlands are dominated by fresh plant residues such as cellulose and lignin. Differences between individual types of peatlands were also found in the soil reaction and the supply of nitrogen to the organic matter of peat. The values of the soil exchange reaction were neutral on the fen, as well as slightly alkaline but extremely low on the bog. A significantly higher nitrogen supply was found in the organic matter of the fen in contrast to the bog. At the same time, extremely low content of accessible P and an above-limit content of As in the surface horizons were also found on the fen. From the phytocoenological point of view, 22 plant species were identified on the fen, while only five species were identified on the bog, which also affected the higher diversity (H’) and equitability (e). The results of the statistical testing confirmed the diversity of the studied peatlands and the different impact of environmental variables on plant diversity.

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