Western Europe and a “New World” of Profit

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Carlen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
European Colonialism

The extraordinary impact of the heyday of European colonialism (16th to 19th centuries) is unquestionable: Of the four continents that were relatively unknown to the West prior to colonialism, three—Australia, North America, and South America—were entirely transformed in the image of their colonizers. As this chapter demonstrates, not only were European entrepreneurs the primary beneficiaries of colonialism but, in many vital respects, their countries’ settlement of “new” territories would not have been possible without entrepreneurial labor and capital.

NOTES ON SOME GENERA OF CANADIAN INSECTS

1872 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Francis Walker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
The Earth

The geographical distribution of Smicra differs much from that of Leucospis. Unlike the latter genus, which is spread thinly and somewhat equally over the warm and temperate regions of the earth, Smicra, with very few exceptions, is limited to the New World, where there are some species in North America, many in Mexico and in the West Indies, and great abundance in the tropical parts of South America, and the genus has thus much more influence than Leucospis in regulating, by means of transfer, the increase of other insect tribes.

Sleight of Hand: Brazilian and American Authors Manipulate the Brazilian Racial Situation, 1910–1951

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie B. Rout
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
The West ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt ◽  
To Come ◽  
American Authors ◽  
Tropical South America

In June, 1908, Sir Harry Johnston, explorer, historian, diplomat and African colonial administrator, wrote to Theodore Roosevelt expressing a desire to come to the New World. In Johnston’s own words,What I want to learn is the present condition and possible prospects of the Negro in North America, the West Indies and tropical South America.This English Lord had written extensively about blacks in Africa, and while his knowledge of racial and historical conditions in the two Americas was hardly profound, his reputation opened doors that might otherwise have been hermetically sealed. Roosevelt’s reply was recognition of this fact:

The milliped family Platyrhacidae (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea) in the West Indies: Proposal of Hoffmanorhacus n. gen.; description and illustrations of males of Proaspis aitia Loomis, 1941; redescription of Nannorrhacus luciae (Pocock, 1894); hypotheses on origins and affinities; and an updated New World familial distribution

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3626 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROWLAND M. SHELLEY ◽  
DANIELA MARTINEZ-TORRES
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
The West ◽  
Insular Populations

In the New World, the milliped family Platyrhacidae (Polydesmida) is known or projected for Central Americasouth of southeastern Nicaraguaand the northern ¼ of South America, with disjunct, insular populations on Hispaniola(Haiti), Guadeloupe(Basse-Terre), and St. Lucia. Male near-topotypes enable redescription of Proaspis aitia Loomis, 1941, possibly endemic to the western end of the southern Haitian peninsula. The tibiotarsus of its biramous gonopodal telopodite bends strongly laterad, and the medially directed solenomere arises at midlength proximal to the bend. With a uniramous telopodite, P. sahlii Jeekel, 1980, on Guadeloupe, is not congeneric, and Hoffmanorhacus, n. gen., is erected to accommodate it. Nannorrhacus luciae (Pocock, 1894), onSt. Lucia, is redescribed; also with a biramous telopodite, its tibiotarsus arises distad and diverges from the coaxial solenomere. The Antillean species do not comprise a clade and are only distantly related; rather than introductions, they plausibly reflect ancestral occurrences on the “proto-Antillean” terrain before it rifted from “proto-SouthAmerica” in the Cretaceous/Paleocene, with fragmentation isolating modern forms on their present islands. Existing platyrhacid tribes are formally elevated to subfamilies as this category was omitted from recent taxonomies. Without unequivocal evidence to the contrary, geographically anomalous species should initially be regarded as indigenous rather than anthropochoric.

scholarly journals Salvia reflexa (Lamiaceae): a new record for Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Wahid Hussain ◽  
Lal Badshah ◽  
Sayed Afzal Shah ◽  
Farrukh Hussain ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
New Record ◽  
New World ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Tribal Areas

Salvia reflexa Hornem., a member of the New World subgenus Calosphace, ranges from North America to southern South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Afghanistan in Asia, and still continues to expand its range. Here we report further range expansion for S. reflexa into the tribal areas of Pakistan and hypothesize that it has been introduced from Afghanistan. This represents a new record for the flora of Pakistan.

Somali Ventures in China: Trade and Mobility in a Transnational Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Lochery
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Career Path ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The West ◽  
China Trade ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Trading Economy

Abstract:Research on Somali mobility and migration has predominantly focused on forced migration from Somalia and diaspora communities in Western Europe and North America, neglecting other experiences and destinations. This article traces the journeys of Somali traders from East Africa to China, mapping the growth of a transnational trading economy that has offered a stable career path to a few but a chance to scrape by for many others. Understandings of migration and mobility must encompass these precarious terrains, allowing for a richer examination of how individuals have navigated war, displacement, and political and economic change by investing in transnational livelihoods, not just via ties to the West, but through the myriad connections linking African economies to the Gulf and Asia.

scholarly journals The Antillean Arc and the distribution of neotropical mosses

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Claudio Delgadillo M.
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The West ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Patterns Of Distribution

The West Indies have strong continental affinities, but the strongest are with South America, not Central America as was once thought. Moss diversity is the result of migration after the Miocene; the patterns of distribution involving the West Indies and South or North America indicate both migration as well as floristic flows through the Antillean Arc. Speciation due to selective pressures in the changing climate of the Pleistocene gave rise to endemic taxa, but paleoendemics may have resulted in a previous archipelago condition.

scholarly journals Patient experiences with general practice in Norway: a comparison of immigrant groups and the majority population following a national survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marte Kjøllesdal ◽  
Thor Indseth ◽  
Hilde Hestad Iversen ◽  
Oyvind Bjertnaes
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Immigrant Background ◽  
Majority Population

Abstract Background Patient experience is an important indicator of quality of health care. In Norway, little is known about the quality of health care for immigrants. The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported experiences with general practice between the Norwegian-born population and immigrant groups. Methods We performed secondary analyses of data from a national survey on patient experiences with general practice, including assessments of general practitioners (GPs) and their GP offices. The survey was carried out in Norway in 2018–19. The total number of respondents was 2029, with a response rate of 42.6%. Region of birth was available for 1981 participants, and these were included in the analyses (“Norway” (N = 1756), “Asia, Africa or South America” (N = 95), “Eastern Europe” (N = 70) and “Western Europe, North America or Oceania” (N = 60)). Five indicators of patient experiences were used as dependent variables in bivariate and multivariate analyses, with region of birth as the main exposure variable and other background variables about the patient as adjustment variables: “the GP” (measures related to communication and competency), “auxiliary staff” (politeness, competency, organization), “accessibility” (waiting times), “coordination” (with other services) and `enablement` (GP facilitates coping with/understanding illness). Results Immigrants as a whole reported poorer experiences with general practice than the majority population, with significantly poorer scores on four of five patient experience indicators. Patients from Asia/Africa/South America reported poorer experiences than those from Norway on the indicators “GP”, “auxiliary staff”, “accessibility” and “coordination”: on a scale from 0 to 100 where 100 is the best, the difference ranged from 7.8 (GP) to 20.3 (accessibility). Patients from Eastern Europe reported lower scores on “GP” and patients from Western Europe/North America/Oceania reported lower scores on “auxiliary staff”. These associations were still significant after adjustment for sex, age, self-rated physical and mental health, number of contacts with the GP and education. Conclusions For countries with a substantial proportion of foreign-born patients in the health system, immigrant background is an important parameter in quality improvement work. Immigrant background is also an important parameter in health service research.

Movements of People in the Atlantic World, 1450–1850

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
Demographic Composition ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Indentured Servants

The movement of people in the Atlantic world in the period 1450–1850 is a story of categorisation, organisation, and exploitation of labour in a time of global transformation. More than 25 million people were transported from east to west, to be planted in South, Central and North America, the Caribbean, the Atlantic islands, and the West African littoral. The fruits of this seed labour came irrevocably to transform the demographic composition of the Americas and Africa, and to a lesser extent Europe. Some migrants were slaves, or unfree white colonists, notably convicts and prisoners, or indentured servants whose liberties were severely limited. Religion and language, as well as flora and fauna, travelled with the first colonists; one accident of Spanish and general European colonialism was the environmental and ecological transformation of the Americas. This article also looks at migration in the Atlantic world in relation to Africans, Spain, Portugal, Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, and France.

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