scholarly journals Economic Strain and Adolescent Violence. Are extracurricular activities a conditioning effect?

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 194-213
Author(s):  
Cassady Pitt ◽  
Brittani Walker
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Social Control Theory ◽  
Adolescent Violence ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
General Strain ◽  
Violent Delinquency ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the extent to which participation in sports acts as a conditioning effect to the relationship between economic disadvantage and adolescent violent delinquency. Deriving hypotheses from general strain and social control theories, we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to test if type of extracurricular activity participation diminishes the risk of economic disadvantage on violent delinquency. In support of social control theory, the direct effect of academic clubs and performing arts is negatively associated with adolescent violence. Additionally, analyses indicate that participation in contact sports decreases the relationship economic disadvantage and violent delinquency when other strain controls are added including race/ethnicity, family structure, lack of parental supervision, etc. Overall findings are expected of the social control conditioning effect of general strain theory.

Examining the Antiascetic Hypothesis Through Social Control Theory: Delinquency, Religion, and Reciprocation Across the Early Life Course

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1458-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ty Miller ◽  
Mike Vuolo
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Social Control Theory ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

With empirical research in both sociology of religion and criminology finding conflicting evidence of the directional relationship between religious institutions and delinquency, we test the temporal order of religiosity and delinquency in the early life course. We motivate this research through theories from both subfields, namely, the antiascetic hypothesis from the sociology of religion and social control theory from criminology. We fit cross-lagged panel models to three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine the relationship between secular, or mala in se, forms of crime and ascetic, or mala prohibita, forms of crime with the elements of religious social bonds from adolescence through young adulthood. We find support for the antiascetic hypothesis in that religion has effects on mala prohibita behaviors, but not mala in se. Findings regarding bidirectional and reciprocal effects between religion and delinquency encourage extending the antiascetic hypothesis, as well as social control theory, to account for this possibility.

scholarly journals Religion and Youth Delinquency

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Social Control Theory ◽  
Value System ◽  
Delinquent Behaviors ◽  
Youth Delinquency ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This project looks at the impact that religion has on youth delinquency. The project examines religion through social control theory and explores religion as an agent of social control for its members, in particular youth. The project analyses the relationship between religious affiliation and youth delinquency and considers how belonging to a religious community decreases the likelihood of youth participating in delinquent behaviors. The analysis suggests that being part of a strong community and having a positive value system reduces the likelihood of youth becoming delinquent. Additionally, this implies that there are ways to reduce the likelihood of delinquency occurring and that involvement in a religious community is a valuable method for keeping youth from becoming delinquent.

Social Isolation, Strain, and Youth Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Niño ◽  
Gabe Ignatow ◽  
Tianji Cai
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Strain ◽  
Violent Delinquency ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between types of social isolation and violent delinquency. Deriving hypotheses from elements of general strain theory, we test whether the isolation–violence relationship varies across different types of isolated youth when compared to sociable youth. We also test whether other negative experiences and circumstances (types of social strain) associated with adolescence moderate the relationship between isolation types and violent delinquency. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find that different types of social isolation had varying effects on violent delinquency. Socially disinterested youth show a greater capacity for violent behavior, but other types of marginalized youth showed no difference in violence when compared to sociable youth. Results also demonstrate that some types of strain moderate the isolation–violence relationship. The implications of these findings for research on peer relations, adolescent strain, and violence are discussed.

Lament and Revenge in the Hekabe of Euripides

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Billing
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Lament

In this article Christian M. Billing considers the relationship between female lament and acts of vengeance in fifth-century Athenian society and its theatre, with particular emphasis on the Hekabe of Euripides. He uses historical evidence to argue that female mourning was held to be a powerfully transgressive force in the classical period; that considerable social tensions existed as a result of the suppression of female roles in traditional funerary practices (social control arising from the move towards democracy and the development of forensic processes as a means of social redress); and that as a piece of transvestite theatre, authored and performed by men to an audience made up largely, if not entirely, of that sex, Euripides' Hekabe demonstrates significant gender-related anxiety regarding the supposedly horrific consequences of allowing women to speak at burials, or to engage in lament as part of uncontrolled funerary ritual. Christian M. Billing is an academic and theatre practitioner working in the fields of ancient Athenian and early modern English and European drama. He has worked extensively as a director and actor and has also taught at a number of universities in the United Kingdom and the USA. He is currently Lecturer in Drama at the University of Hull.

The Approval Motive, Vicarious Reinforcement and Verbal Conditioning

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marlowe ◽  
Russell S. Beecher ◽  
Jonathan B. Cook ◽  
Anthony N. Doob
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Verbal Conditioning ◽  
Reinforcement Condition ◽  
Sentence Construction ◽  
Need For Approval ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
Vicarious Reinforcement ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Construction Task

This study investigated the relationship of approval motivation to verbal conditioning under vicarious reinforcement. Fifteen college students completed 20 operant trials in a sentence construction task. They then observed E reinforce a “programmed” confederate who emitted critical responses according to a typical acquisition curve. Fifteen control Ss observed identical confederate behavior with the reinforcements omitted. An additional 15 control Ss did not receive the observation phase. All Ss then were given 40 nonreinforced trials. A significant conditioning effect occurred only for Ss with high need for approval in the vicarious reinforcement condition. Results were related to previous verbal conditioning research.

scholarly journals The Relevance of the Social Control Theory in Explaining Crime among African American Families

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Daramola ◽  
Gbolahan S Osho
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Justice System ◽  
African American Families ◽  
Social Control Theory ◽  
The Church

Today, criminologists, especially, Black criminologists, are thoroughly perplexed by the same problem of disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) most especially of Blacks in both the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Are African Americans more criminally minded than other races or ethnic groups? Do African Americans actually commit more crimes than others? These are the questions that the different deviant theories have tried to answer. The concept of social bonding arose from social control theory, which suggests that attachment to family and school, commitment to conventional pathways of achievements and beliefs in the legitimacy of social order are primary and important elements of establishing a social bond (Hirschi, 1969). In expounding his social control theory, Hirschi listed the elements of the bond as attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. Does it mean that African Americans commit more crimes than other racial and ethnic groups? Or are African Americans genetically wired to be criminogenic? Is the society or the environment to blame for the perceived higher rate of crime among African Americans? Or are the criminal justice system, the judicial system, and the juvenile justice system, all together racially biased against Blacks, especially, Black males? Even though Hirschi (1969) did not mention attachment to religious beliefs as part of social control, but for the African American families, the church could play a significant role in helping to cement the bond of adolescents to their families. Any study of the African American family is not complete without the church. According to Work (1900), in all social study of the Negro, the church must be considered, for it is one of the greatest factors in his social life.

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