scholarly journals Selection intensity and its opportunity among the Santal women of Keonjhar, Odisha, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Subal Das ◽  
Binoy Kumar Kuiti ◽  
Kaushik Bose
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
It Value ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Total Index ◽  
Mortality Index ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
Total Selection

Present study dealt with the opportunity of natural selection using Crows index and Johnston and Kensinger's Index among the Santal womens of Keonjhar, Odisha, India. Mortality index (Im), Fertility index (If) and total selection intensity index (I) were analyzed among the studied population. The Crows total index (It) value was found to be 0.7246. The mortality (Im) component was found to be 0.5385 while the fertility (If) component was found to be 0.1846. The contribution of fertility component is greater than that of mortality component among the present studied population using Crows index. According to Johnston and Kesinger the total index (It) was found to be 0.8367. Where, fertility component was found to be 0.0885, Prenatal mortality component (Ime) and Postnatal mortality component (Ime/Pb) where observed to be 0.1356 and 0.1540. Therefore, it has been clear from the result that prenatal mortality contributes higher than that of postnatal mortality for selection. i.e., Johnston and Kesingers Index (0.8367) contributes higher for the opportunity of natural selection than Crows Index (0.7246).

scholarly journals Measuring Selection Intensities Among Kolam Population: Manifested through Differential Fertility and Differential Mortality

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Bharathi K
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
Total Index ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Selection Intensities ◽  
Modified Formula

The objective of the study is to understand the selection intensities among Kolam, a particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG) of Adilabad district of Telangana State, India. Two prominent methods were employed to understand the intensities by using Crow’s index and modified formula as given by Johnston and Kensinger’s method. The intensities are computed on the basis of the reproductive history of mother with completed fertility and the results were compared with the available works on populations belonging to Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and India. The Crow’s total index (II) value was found to be 0.3863. The mortality (Im) component was found to be 0.2151 while fertility (If) component was found to be 0.1712. The contribution of mortality component is greater than that of fertility component among the present studied population using Crow’s index. According to Johnston and Kensinger, the total index (II) was found to be 0.6017. Fertility component was found to be 0.2368, prenatal mortality component (Ime) and postnatal mortality component (Ime/Pb) where observed to be 0.0675 and 0.0933 respectively. Therefore, it is clear from the results that postnatal mortality contributes more than prenatal mortality for selection, i.e., Johnston and Kensinger’s Index (0.6017) contributes more towards selection intensity than Crow’s index (0.3863). Natural selection takes place when there is variability of fitness observed through the differences in fertility and mortality in any population.

scholarly journals Natural Selection Intensity among four Hindu Varna populations of Lucknow Disttict, Uttar Pradesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibha Devi Bajpai ◽  
Dr. Udai Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Total Index ◽  
Medical Facilities

The selection intensity indices were calculated based one demographic information pertaining to fertility and mortality among the four Varnas of Lucknow population. The highest value of Crow’s index is observed in Kshartiya (0.494934) where as lowest in Brahmins (0.365809). Johnston and Kensinger index varies from 0.3866 among Brahmins to 0.5294 among Kshtiya. The total index of opportunity (Crow’s) is in the order Brahmin > Vaishya > Shudra > Kshtirya. However the mortality component is more in Kshtirya and Vaishyas reflecting the accessibility of poor medical facilities and socio-economic condition. Another reason may be due to the delay in care seeking practices.

scholarly journals Indexes of natural selection in Kharkiv population

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Kozak ◽  
L. A. Atramentova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Mortality Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
Total Selection

Aim. Reproductive behavior of women has particular importance in the reproduction of the population and depends on cultural characteristics and religious views. Number of birth and medical abortions become artificially regulated; nevertheless selection in human populations does not disappear. Therefore, the aim of this task to study the direction and intensity of indexes of natural selection and the dynamics of the gene pool in the Kharkiv population for two adjacent generations. Methods. The material was collected in 2017. Anonymous questionnaires were conducted for women in postreproductive age. The questionnaire includes questions which reflect a woman's gynecological and obstetrical anamnesis. The number of pregnancies and their outcomes was calculated: medical and spontaneous abortions, ectopic pregnancies, number of stillbirths and live births. Results. In one generation, the total selection index decrease from 0.29 to 0.28, while the differential fertility index is much higher than the differential mortality index. The average number of pregnancies and medical abortions reduced in the younger generation with statistically significant difference. Conclusions. The Kharkov population is characterized by a narrow type of reproduction. The dynamics of Crow's indexes are in line with global trends. From the older generation to the younger the total selection index decreases gradually.Keywords: reproductive characteristics,Kharkov population, Crow's index, selection, generations.

scholarly journals Dynamics of natural selection in two generations (on the example of the population of the Kirovograd region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
K. K. Kovleva ◽  
N.A. Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Total Selection

Aim. In connection with the success of modern medicine, the pressure of natural selection in various civilized human populations is weakening, which leads to the accumulation of a genetic load. The purpose of this work was to trace the change in the intensity of natural selection among population of the Kirovograd region in two successive generations. Methods. The collection of material was carried out in 2020 and 2021. Anonymous questionnaires were conducted and medical histories of women of post-reproductive age of the Kirovograd region were studied. The first generation included 40 women born in 1937–1959; the second generation consists of 273 women born in 1960–1981. Results. The total selection index was 0.27 in the first generation, and 0.37 in the second generation. The percentage of women who have not had pregnancies increased from the first generation to the second from 2.5 to 3.7, respectively. Conclusions. The index of total selection in the Kirovograd region population for one generation increased by almost one and a half times (from 0.27 to 0.37), as well as the index of differential fertility (from 0.25 to 0.35). Keywords: reproductive characteristics, Kirovograd population, Crow's index, selection, generations.

BIOLOGICAL FITNESS AND ACTION OPPORTUNITY OF NATURAL SELECTION IN AN URBAN POPULATION OF CUBA: PLAZA DE LA REVOLUCIÓN, HAVANA

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
VANESSA VAZQUEZ ◽  
VERÓNICA ALONSO ◽  
FRANCISCO LUNA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Havana City

SummaryThis paper describes the biological fitness of an urban population of Havana city, Plaza de la Revolución, which has the lowest fertility and the highest demographic ageing in Cuba. The aim is to assess the biological fitness of this community through the indexes of action opportunity of natural selection, to determine its evolutionary pattern and the influence of its socio-cultural peculiarity. Demographic data were obtained from the reproductive histories of 1200 women between the ages of 55 and 64. Data concerning mortality and surviving offspring from the first embryonic stages until age of reproduction were also collected. In order to measure the level of biological fitness two indexes were used: the Crow index of action opportunity of natural selection and the corrected index proposed by Johnston and Kensinger, which takes into account prenatal mortality. This corrected index was calculated including and excluding induced abortions in order to evaluate the contribution of these to biological fitness. When only postnatal mortality was considered, the results showed an evolutionary pattern similar to that of developed countries, based on low mortality and fertility. However, when prenatal mortality was taken into account, biological fitness decreased and the corrected index of natural selection was 4.5 times higher than when miscarriages and fetal deaths were not considered. Moreover, this corrected index was 2.65 times higher when induced miscarriages were considered, indicating the large decrease in biological fitness as a result of the current reproductive behaviour of frequent induced abortion.

scholarly journals Variation in Selection Intensities among the Western Coastal Populations of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup K. Kapoor ◽  
Monica Saini
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Total Index ◽  
Selection Intensities ◽  
Natal Mortality ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Total Selection

Selection is continuously occurring on the living beings and the fittest who are able to reproduce will survive. To measure this selection, the data from 954 women was obtained who belong to different ethnic groups of Gujarat and Maharashtra and various index and components were computed using Crow`s Index and Johnston and Kensinger`s Index. The Crow`s total index value was found to be 0.539. The mortality component was found to be 0.130 and fertility component was found to be 0.363. The contribution of fertility component was greater than the mortality component according to Crow`s Index. Value of total selection index computed using Johnston and Kensinger`s Index is 0.639. The index of selection due to pre‐natal mortality and post‐natal mortality was observed to be 0.064 and 0.130 respectively. Therefore, it is found that among coastal populations of Gujarat and Maharashtra the selection trend is more due to fertility component than mortality component.

scholarly journals Natural Selection Intensity among the Paki: An Endogamous Population of Andhra Pradesh

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch.Nooka Raju ◽  
S. Amrutha Varshini ◽  
D.S.R.S. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Endogamous Population

scholarly journals Continuous approximations for optimizing allele trajectories

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. H. LIU ◽  
J. A. WOOLLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Discontinuous Solution ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Continuous Approximation ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Breeding Schemes ◽  
Selection Intensities ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Total Selection

SummaryThe incorporation of genetic information such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) data into breeding schemes has become feasible as DNA technologies have advanced. Such strategies allow the frequency of desirable QTL to be controlled over a predefined time frame, allowing the allele trajectory for QTL to be manipulated. A continuous approximation to changes in allele frequency was developed to approximate the selection procedure as a continuous rather than a discrete process, and analytical solutions were obtained, which shed light on how allele trajectories behave under different objective functions. Three different objectives were considered: (1) minimizing the total selection intensity, (2) minimizing the sum of squared selection intensities and (3) equalizing the selection intensity applied over time. Simulations and genetic algorithms were performed to test the accuracy and robustness of the continuous approximation. Theory shows firstly that the total selection intensity required for moving an allele from a starting frequency to another frequency point can be predicted independent of its trajectory, and secondly that objectives (2) and (3) are equivalent as the number of selection opportunities (T) becomes large. The prediction of total selection intensity provides a good fit for these two objectives, with the accuracy of prediction improving as T increases. However, for (1) the continuous approximation does not fit due to the existence of a discontinuous solution in which the continuous approximation is applied before the frequency of the selected allele reaches 0·5 followed by rapid fixation.

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