Refractive index sensor and filter of metal-insulator-metal waveguide based on ring resonator embedded by cross structure

In this paper, miniaturized design of a plasmonic Bragg grating filter is investigated via the finite element method (FEM). The filter is based on a plasmonic metal-insulator-metal waveguide deposited on a quartz substrate. The corrugated Bragg grating designed for near-infrared wavelength range is structured on both sides of the waveguide. The spectral characteristics of the filter are studied by varying the geometric parameters of the filter design. As a result, the maximum ER and bandwidth of 36.2 dB and 173 nm is obtained at λBragg=976 nm with a filter footprint of as small as 1.0 x 8.75 µm2, respectively. The ER and bandwidth can be further improved by increasing the number of grating periods and the strength of the grating, respectively. Moreover, the Bragg grating structure is quite receptive to the refractive index of the medium. These features allow the employment of materials such as polymers in the metal-insulator-metal waveguide which can be externally tuned or it can be used for refractive index sensing applications. The sensitivity of the proposed Bragg grating structure can offer a sensitivity of 950 nm/RIU. We believe that the study presented in this paper provides a guideline for the realization of small footprint plasmonic Bragg grating structures which can be employed in filter and refractive index sensing applications. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. W. Field et al., "Miniaturised, Planar, Integrated Bragg Grating Spectrometer", 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC), Munich, Germany, 2019, CrossRef L. Cheng, S. Mao, Z. Li, Y. Han, H.Y. Fu, "Grating Couplers on Silicon Photonics: Design Principles, Emerging Trends and Practical Issues", Micromachines, 11, 666 (2020). CrossRef J. Missinne, N. T. Beneitez, M-A. Mattelin, A. Lamberti, G. Luyckx, W. V. Paepegem, G. V. Steenberge, "Bragg-Grating-Based Photonic Strain and Temperature Sensor Foils Realized Using Imprinting and Operating at Very Near Infrared Wavelengths", Sensors, 18, 2717 (2018). CrossRef M. A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Numerical analysis of a miniaturized design of a Fabry–Perot resonator based on silicon strip and slot waveguides for bio-sensing applications", Journal of Modern Optics, 66, 1172-1178 (2019). CrossRef H. Qiu, J. Jiang, P. Yu, T. Dai, J. Yang, H. Yu, X. Jiang, "Silicon band-rejection and band-pass filter based on asymmetric Bragg sidewall gratings in a multimode waveguide", Optics Letters, 41, 2450 (2016). CrossRef M. A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Optical elements based on silicon photonics", Computer Optics, 43, 1079-1083 (2019). CrossRef N. L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, M.A. Butt, "Plasmonic sensors based on Metal-insulator-metal waveguides for refractive index sensing applications: A brief review", Physica E, 117, 113798 (2020). CrossRef L. Lu et al, "Mode-Selective Hybrid Plasmonic Bragg Grating Reflector", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 22, 1765-1767 (2012). CrossRef R. Negahdari, E. Rafiee, F. Emami, "Design and simulation of a novel nano-plasmonic split-ring resonator filter", Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 32, 1925-1938 (2018). CrossRef M. Janfaza, M. A. Mansouri-Birjandi, "Tunable plasmonic band-pass filter based on Fabry–Perot graphene nanoribbons", Applied Physics B, 123, 262 (2017). CrossRef C. Wu, G. Song, L. Yu, J.H. Xiao, "Tunable narrow band filter based on a surface plasmon polaritons Bragg grating with a metal–insulator–metal waveguide", Journal of Modern Optics, 60, 1217-1222 (2013). CrossRef J. Zhu, G. Wang, "Sense high refractive index sensitivity with bragg grating and MIM nanocavity", Results in Physics, 15, 102763 (2019). CrossRef Y. Binfeng, H. Guohua, C. Yiping, "Design of a compact and high sensitive refractive index sensor base on metal-insulator-metal plasmonic Bragg grating", Optics Express, 22, 28662-28670 (2014). CrossRef A.D. Simard, Y. Painchaud, S. Larochelle, "Small-footprint integrated Bragg gratings in SOI spiral waveguides", International Quantum Electronics Conference Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe, IEEE, Munich, Germany (2013). CrossRef C. Klitis, G. Cantarella, M. J. Strain, M. Sorel, "High-extinction-ratio TE/TM selective Bragg grating filters on silicon-on-insulator", Optics Letters, 42, 3040 (2017). CrossRef J. Ctyroky et al., "Design of narrowband Bragg spectral filters in subwavelength grating metamaterial waveguides", Optics Express, 26, 179 (2018). CrossRef M.A. Butt, N.L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, "Hybrid plasmonic waveguide race-track µ-ring resonator: Analysis of dielectric and hybrid mode for refractive index sensing applications", Laser Phys., 30, 016202 (2020). CrossRef M. A. Butt, N.L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, "Label-free detection of ambient refractive index based on plasmonic Bragg gratings embedded resonator cavity sensor", Journal of Modern Optics, 66, 1920-1925 (2019). CrossRef N. L. Kazanskiy, M.A. Butt, Photonics Letters of Poland, 12, 1-3 (2020). CrossRef Z. Guo, K. Wen, Q. Hu, W. Lai, J. Lin, Y. Fang, "Plasmonic Multichannel Refractive Index Sensor Based on Subwavelength Tangent-Ring Metal–Insulator–Metal Waveguide", Sensors, 18, 1348 (2018). CrossRef

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Independently tunable dual resonant dip refractive index sensor based on metal-insulator-metal waveguide with Q-shaped resonant cavity

Chinese Physics B ◽

10.1088/1674-1056/ac48fe ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Haowen Chen ◽

Yunping Qi ◽

Jinghui Ding ◽

Yujiao Yuan ◽

Zhenting Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Resonant Cavity ◽

Fdtd Method ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Refractive Index Sensor ◽

Metal Insulator ◽

Metal Waveguide ◽

Metal Insulator Metal ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Refractive Index Sensors

Abstract A plasmonic resonator system consisting of a metal-insulator-metal waveguide and a Q-shaped resonant cavity is proposed in this paper. The transmission properties of surface plasmon polaritons in this structure are investigated using the finite difference in time domain (FDTD) method, and the simulation results contain two resonant dips. And the physical mechanism is studied by the multimode interference coupled mode theory (MICMT), the theoretical results are in highly consistent with the simulation results. Furthermore, the parameters of the Q-shaped cavity can be controlled to adjust two dips respectively. The refractive index sensor with a sensitivity of 1578nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of 175, performs better than most of the similar structures. Therefore, the results of the study are instructive for the design and application of high sensitivity nanoscale refractive index sensors.

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Refractive index sensor based on concentric triple racetrack resonators side-coupled to metal–insulator–metal waveguide for glucose sensing

Journal of the Optical Society of America B ◽

10.1364/josab.36.002834 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 2834 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Rakhshani

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Glucose Sensing ◽

Refractive Index Sensor ◽

Metal Insulator ◽

Metal Waveguide ◽

Metal Insulator Metal

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Plasmonic refractive index sensor based on metal insulator metal waveguide

2016 International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE) ◽

10.1109/icraie.2016.7939557 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shikha Gaur ◽

Rukhsar Zafar ◽

Devendra Somwanshi

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Refractive Index Sensor ◽

Metal Insulator ◽

Metal Waveguide ◽

Metal Insulator Metal

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Refractive Index Sensor Based on a Metal–Insulator–Metal Waveguide Coupled with a Symmetric Structure

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s17122879 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 2879 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Shubin Yan ◽

Meng Zhang ◽

Xuefeng Zhao ◽

Yanjun Zhang ◽

Jicheng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Refractive Index Sensor ◽

Metal Insulator ◽

Symmetric Structure ◽

Metal Waveguide ◽

Metal Insulator Metal

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Improved Refractive Index-Sensing Performance of Multimode Fano-Resonance-Based Metal-Insulator-Metal Nanostructures

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11082097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2097

Author(s):

Yuan-Fong Chou Chau ◽

Chung-Ting Chou Chao ◽

Siti Zubaidah Binti Haji Jumat ◽

Muhammad Raziq Rahimi Kooh ◽

Roshan Thotagamuge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Plasmon Resonance ◽

Fano Resonance ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Metal Nanostructures ◽

Refractive Index Sensor ◽

Metal Insulator ◽

Wide Range ◽

Metal Insulator Metal ◽

Mode 2

This work proposed a multiple mode Fano resonance-based refractive index sensor with high sensitivity that is a rarely investigated structure. The designed device consists of a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide with two rectangular stubs side-coupled with an elliptical resonator embedded with an air path in the resonator and several metal defects set in the bus waveguide. We systematically studied three types of sensor structures employing the finite element method. Results show that the surface plasmon mode’s splitting is affected by the geometry of the sensor. We found that the transmittance dips and peaks can dramatically change by adding the dual air stubs, and the light–matter interaction can effectively enhance by embedding an air path in the resonator and the metal defects in the bus waveguide. The double air stubs and an air path contribute to the cavity plasmon resonance, and the metal defects facilitate the gap plasmon resonance in the proposed plasmonic sensor, resulting in remarkable characteristics compared with those of plasmonic sensors. The high sensitivity of 2600 nm/RIU and 1200 nm/RIU can simultaneously achieve in mode 1 and mode 2 of the proposed type 3 structure, which considerably raises the sensitivity by 216.67% for mode 1 and 133.33% for mode 2 compared to its regular counterpart, i.e., type 2 structure. The designed sensing structure can detect the material’s refractive index in a wide range of gas, liquids, and biomaterials (e.g., hemoglobin concentration).

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Enhancing the sensitivity of a standard plasmonic MIM square ring resonator by incorporating the Nano-dots in the cavity

Photonics Letters of Poland ◽

10.4302/plp.v12i1.902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Muhammad Ali ALI Butt ◽

Nikolay Kazanskiy

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Fano Resonance ◽

Ring Resonator ◽

Plasmonic Waveguide ◽

Metal Insulator ◽

Refractive Index Sensing ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Resonator Design ◽

Metal Insulator Metal ◽

Mim Waveguide

We studied the metal-insulator-metal square ring resonator design incorporated with nano-dots that serve to squeeze the surface plasmon wave in the cavity of the ring. The E-field enhances at the boundaries of the nano-dots providing a strong interaction of light with the surrounding medium. As a result, the sensitivity of the resonator is highly enhanced compared to the standard ring resonator design. The best sensitivity of 907 nm/RIU is obtained by placing seven nano-dots of radius 4 nm in all four sides of the ring with a period (ᴧ)= 3r. The proposed design will find applications in biomedical science as highly refractive index sensors. Full Text: PDF References:Z. Han, S. I. Bozhevolnyi. "Radiation guiding with surface plasmon polaritons", Rep. Prog. Phys. 76, 016402 (2013). [CrossRef]N.L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, M.A. Butt. "Plasmonic sensors based on Metal-insulator-metal waveguides for refractive index sensing applications: A brief review", Physica E 117, 113798 (2020). [CrossRef]D.K. Gramotnev, S.I. Bozhevolnyi. "Plasmonics beyond the diffraction limit", Nat. Photonics 4, 83 (2010). [CrossRef]A.N.Taheri, H. Kaatuzian. "Design and simulation of a nanoscale electro-plasmonic 1 × 2 switch based on asymmetric metal–insulator–metal stub filters", Applied Optics 53, 28 (2014). [CrossRef]P. Neutens, L. Lagae, G. Borghs, P. V. Dorpe. "Plasmon filters and resonators in metal-insulator-metal waveguides", Optics Express 20, 4 (2012). [CrossRef]M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N. L. Kazanskiy. "Metal-insulator-metal nano square ring resonator for gas sensing applications", Waves in Random and complex media [CrossRef]M.A.Butt, S.N.Khonina, N.L.Kazanskiy. "Hybrid plasmonic waveguide-assisted Metal–Insulator–Metal ring resonator for refractive index sensing", Journal of Modern Optics 65, 1135 (2018). [CrossRef]M.A.Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on hybrid plasmonic waveguide microring resonator", Waves in Random and complex media [CrossRef]Y. Fang, M. Sun. "Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits", Light:Science & Applications 4, e294 (2015). [CrossRef]H. Lu, G.X. Wang, X.M. Liu. "Manipulation of light in MIM plasmonic waveguide systems", Chin Sci Bull [CrossRef]J.N. Anker et al. "Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors", Nature Materials 7, 442 (2008). [CrossRef]M.A.Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy. Journal of Modern Optics 66, 1038 (2019).[CrossRef]Z.-D. Zhang, H.-Y. Wang, Z.-Y. Zhang. "Fano Resonance in a Gear-Shaped Nanocavity of the Metal–Insulator–Metal Waveguide", Plasmonics 8,797 (2013) [CrossRef]Y. Yu, J. Si, Y. Ning, M. Sun, X. Deng. Opt. Lett. 42, 187 (2017) [CrossRef]B.H.Zhang, L-L. Wang, H-J. Li et al. "Two kinds of double Fano resonances induced by an asymmetric MIM waveguide structure", J. Opt. 18,065001 (2016) [CrossRef]X. Zhao, Z. Zhang, S. Yan. "Tunable Fano Resonance in Asymmetric MIM Waveguide Structure", Sensors 17, 1494 (2017) [CrossRef]J. Zhou et al. "Transmission and refractive index sensing based on Fano resonance in MIM waveguide-coupled trapezoid cavity", AIP Advances 7, 015020 (2017) [CrossRef]V. Perumal, U. Hashim. "Advances in biosensors: Principle, architecture and applications", J. Appl. Biomed. 12, 1 (2014)[CrossRef]H.Gai, J. Wang , Q. Tian, "Modified Debye model parameters of metals applicable for broadband calculations", Appl. Opt. 46 (12), 2229 (2007) [CrossRef]

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