Navicula Drop Test Ad Modum Brody

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Skovdal Rathleff ◽  
Rasmus Gottschalk Nielsen ◽  
Uwe G. Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Start Position ◽  
Foot Motion ◽  
Foot Pronation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
And Function

Background: Understanding foot motion and function during activity is essential for clinicians because different foot types may require different treatment or rehabilitation strategies. Brody introduced the static navicular drop (ND) test, which was meant as a quick clinical test to estimate foot pronation during dynamic conditions. However, how well static ND predicts dynamic ND during walking has never been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate how well static ND corresponds to dynamic measures of ND during treadmill walking. Methods: A custom video analysis system was used to assess dynamic ND during treadmill walking. The ND test ad modum Brody was used to evaluate static ND. Results: Static ND showed a significant correlation with dynamic ND (r = 0.357, r2 = 0.127, P < .001). Navicular height at heel strike demonstrated a significant correlation with navicular height at the start position of static ND (r = 0.756, r2 = 0.571 P < .001). Minimal navicular height during walking was significantly correlated with the end position of static ND (r = 0.951, r2 = 0.904, P < .001). Conclusions: This study of asymptomatic individuals did not confirm that static ND can be used to individually predict dynamic ND during treadmill walking. It was demonstrated that the start position of Brody’s test is not well correlated with navicular height at heel strike, with this being the main reason for the weak relationship between static and dynamic ND measures. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 102(1): 34–38, 2012)

scholarly journals Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency detection by urinary methylmalonic acid quantitation

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1128-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Norman ◽  
OJ Martelo ◽  
MD Denton
Keyword(s):  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Cobalamin Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Schilling Test ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
And Function

Abstract A study was made to assess the value of cobalamin deficiency detection through quantitation of urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA). Urinary MMA was measured in 1118 patients suffering from megaloblastic anemia, other anemias, elevated red cell mean corpuscular volume, or unexplained neurologic disorders. Patients without proven cobalamin deficiency had urinary MMA levels less than 20 micrograms/ml. All patients (n = 27) confirmed to have cobalamin deficiency showed MMA levels greater than 20 micrograms/ml. Data are presented showing the Schilling test results, the comparison of serum cobalamin to urinary MMA levels, and other basic hematologic data. MMA levels are a good indication of cobalamin distribution and function since they are directly related to a cobalamin-dependent metabolic pathway. With rapid, reliable quantitation by mass spectrometry, urinary MMA can now be a useful clinical test.

The Effect of Walking Speed on Foot Kinematics is Modified When Increased Pronation is Induced

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana F. Hornestam ◽  
Thales R. Souza ◽  
Paula Arantes ◽  
Juliana Ocarino ◽  
Paula L. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Functional Strategy ◽  
Foot Motion ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
System Data ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Foot Alignment

Background: The relation between walking speed and foot kinematics during gait is not well established, and neither is it clear whether this relation is modified in the presence of factors expected to increase pronation (eg, abnormal foot alignment). Understanding how foot kinematics is affected by walking speed under varying conditions could contribute to our understanding of stresses to the musculoskeletal system during walking. We evaluated the effect of walking speed on foot kinematics in the frontal plane during gait and determined whether this effect is modified by using medially inclined insoles that force the foot into increased pronation. Methods: Twenty-six healthy young adults were assessed while walking on a treadmill wearing flat insoles and wearing medially inclined insoles. Foot kinematics in the frontal plane was measured with a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Data were analyzed during the stance phase of gait. Results: There was no main effect of speed on average calcaneal position. However, there was a significant insole type × walking speed interaction effect. In the flat insole condition, increased walking speed was associated with a less inverted average calcaneal position (or greater magnitudes of eversion), whereas in the inclined insole condition, higher speeds were associated with a less everted average calcaneal position (or increased magnitudes of inversion). Conclusions: The magnitude of foot eversion increases at faster gait speeds under typical conditions. In the presence of factors that induce excessive pronation, however, this effect is reversed. Results suggest that individuals use greater active control of foot motion at faster speeds in the presence of excessive pronation to improve push-off efficiency. Potential clinical consequences of this functional strategy are discussed.

scholarly journals Relative movement on the articular surfaces of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints during walking

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-B. Phan ◽  
D-P. Nguyen ◽  
K. M. Lee ◽  
S. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Relative Movement ◽  
Tibiotalar Joint ◽  
Rotational Movement ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Translational Movement ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Objectives The objective of this study was to quantify the relative movement between the articular surfaces in the tibiotalar and subtalar joints during normal walking in asymptomatic individuals. Methods 3D movement data of the ankle joint complex were acquired from 18 subjects using a biplanar fluoroscopic system and 3D-to-2D registration of bone models obtained from CT images. Surface relative velocity vectors (SRVVs) of the articular surfaces of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints were calculated. The relative movement of the articulating surfaces was quantified as the mean relative speed (RS) and synchronization index (SIENT) of the SRVVs. Results SIENT and mean RS data showed that the tibiotalar joint exhibited translational movement throughout the stance, with a mean SIENT of 0.54 (sd 0.21). The mean RS of the tibiotalar joint during the 0% to 20% post heel-strike phase was 36.0 mm/s (sd 14.2), which was higher than for the rest of the stance period. The subtalar joint had a mean SIENT value of 0.43 (sd 0.21) during the stance phase and exhibited a greater degree of rotational movement than the tibiotalar joint. The mean relative speeds of the subtalar joint in early (0% to 10%) and late (80% to 90%) stance were 23.9 mm/s (sd 11.3) and 25.1 mm/s (sd 9.5), respectively, which were significantly higher than the mean RS during mid-stance (10% to 80%). Conclusion The tibiotalar and subtalar joints exhibited significant translational and rotational movement in the initial stance, whereas only the subtalar joint exhibited significant rotational movement during the late stance. The relative movement on the articular surfaces provided deeper insight into the interactions between articular surfaces, which are unobtainable using the joint coordinate system. Cite this article: C-B. Phan, D-P. Nguyen, K. M. Lee, S. Koo. Relative movement on the articular surfaces of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints during walking. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:501–507. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.78.BJR-2018-0014.R1.

Amplitude and Phasing of Trunk Motion is Critical for the Efficacy of Gait Training Aimed at Reducing Ambulatory Loads at the Knee

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annegret Mündermann ◽  
Lars Mündermann ◽  
Thomas P. Andriacchi
Keyword(s):  
Gait Training ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Trunk Motion ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Optimal Intervention ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Trunk Sway ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of changes in amplitude and phasing of medio-lateral trunk sway to a change in the knee adduction moment when walking with increased medio-lateral trunk sway. Kinematic and kinetic data of walking trials with normal and with increased trunk sway were collected for 19 healthy volunteers using a standard motion analysis system. The relationship between the change in first peak knee adduction moment (ΔKAM) and change in trunk sway amplitude (ΔSA; difference between maximum contralateral trunk lean and maximum ipsilateral trunk lean) and phasing (SP; time of heel-strike relative to time of maximum contralateral and time of maximum ipsilateral trunk lean) was determined using nonlinear regression analysis. On average, subjects increased their SA by 9.7 ± 3.6 deg (P < 0.001) with an average SP of 98.8 ± 88.8 ms resulting in an average reduction in the first peak knee adduction moment of −55.2 ± 30.3% (P < 0.001). 64.3% of variability in change in peak knee adduction moment with the increased trunk sway condition was explained by both differences in SA and SP, and the relationship among these parameters was described by the regression equation ΔKAM = 27.220−4.128 · ΔSA-64.785 · cos(SP). Hence, not only the amplitude but also the phasing of trunk motion is critical. Not only lower limb movement but also lumbar and thoracic lateral flexion should be considered in the decision making process for an optimal intervention aimed at reducing the load on the medial compartment of the knee during walking. However, these promising findings originated from studies on healthy subjects and their relevance for gait training interventions in patients with presumably painful knee osteoarthritis remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency detection by urinary methylmalonic acid quantitation

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1128-1131
Author(s):  
EJ Norman ◽  
OJ Martelo ◽  
MD Denton
Keyword(s):  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Cobalamin Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Schilling Test ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
And Function

A study was made to assess the value of cobalamin deficiency detection through quantitation of urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA). Urinary MMA was measured in 1118 patients suffering from megaloblastic anemia, other anemias, elevated red cell mean corpuscular volume, or unexplained neurologic disorders. Patients without proven cobalamin deficiency had urinary MMA levels less than 20 micrograms/ml. All patients (n = 27) confirmed to have cobalamin deficiency showed MMA levels greater than 20 micrograms/ml. Data are presented showing the Schilling test results, the comparison of serum cobalamin to urinary MMA levels, and other basic hematologic data. MMA levels are a good indication of cobalamin distribution and function since they are directly related to a cobalamin-dependent metabolic pathway. With rapid, reliable quantitation by mass spectrometry, urinary MMA can now be a useful clinical test.

scholarly journals Changes of Plantar Pressure and Gait Parameters in Children with Mild Cerebral Palsy Who Used a Customized External Strap Orthosis: A Crossover Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wen-Dien Chang ◽  
Nai-Jen Chang ◽  
Hung-Yu Lin ◽  
Ping-Tung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Foot Motion ◽  
Crouch Gait ◽  
Leg Alignment ◽  
Ambulation Training ◽  
Analysis System

Toe-in gait and crouch gait can make children with mild cerebral palsy fall and suffer improper balance during walking or ambulation training. A customized external strap orthosis for correcting leg alignment was used to resolve this problem. The purpose of this study was to research the immediate effects while wearing the customized external strap orthosis. Pressure platform was used to assess the plantar pressure through static and dynamic assessments and to record the changes in path of pressure trajectory. Motion image analysis system was used to record the gait parameters, which included gait speed, stride length, and cadence. The influence of both wearing and removing the orthosis on the dominant leg of children with mild cerebral palsy was analyzed. Nine children with mild cerebral palsy, who all had a dominant right leg, were recruited. After wearing the orthosis, all gait parameters improved, and foot motion changed in the stance phase of the gait cycle. The path of pressure trajectory closing to the midline was also observed during dynamic assessment. Changes in plantar pressure and path of pressure trajectory were observed and the orthosis device could provide immediate assistance to correct the leg alignment and improve the gait performance in children with mild cerebral palsy.

A PILOT STUDY IN DIFFERENT UNSTABLE DESIGNS ON THE BIOMECHANICAL EFFECT OF GAIT CHARACTERISTICS

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250031 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAODONG GU ◽  
JIANSHE LI ◽  
XUEJUN REN ◽  
MARK LAKE ◽  
ZHIYONG LI
Keyword(s):  
Force Plate ◽  
Soft Material ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Unstable Shoes ◽  
Biomechanical Effect ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics ◽  
Force Plate Data ◽  
Peak Impact Force

The purpose of this study was to compare kinematics and kinetics during walking for healthy subjects using unstable shoes with different designs. Ten subjects participated in this study, and foot biomechanical data during walking were quantified using motion analysis system and a force plate. Data were collected for unstable shoes condition after accommodation period of one week. With soft material added in the heel region, the peak impact force was effectively reduced when compared among similar shapes. In addition, the soft material added in the rocker bottom showed more to be in dorsiflexed position during the initial stance. The shoe with three rocker curves design reduced the contact area in the heel strike, which may result in increasing human body forward speed. Further studies shall be carried out after adapting to long periods of wearing unstable shoes.

Classification of Frontal Plane Rearfoot Motion Patterns During the Stance Phase of Walking

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Cornwall ◽  
Thomas G. McPoil
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Rearfoot Motion

Background: Classification of rearfoot motion patterns would assist in understanding normal rearfoot motion and would facilitate the identification of abnormal motion. We sought to identify common frontal plane rearfoot motion patterns in an asymptomatic population. Methods: Frontal plane rearfoot motion was measured with an electromagnetic motion analysis system in 279 asymptomatic individuals during barefoot walking. The coefficient of multiple correlation and visual observation were used to identify similar patterns of rearfoot motion. Results: Four distinct rearfoot motion patterns were identified: pattern 1 consisted of 176 individuals (63.1%) and was labeled “typical” eversion, pattern 2 consisted of 87 individuals (31.2%) and was labeled “prolonged eversion,” pattern 3 consisted of nine individuals (3.2%) and was labeled “delayed eversion,” and pattern 4 consisted of seven individuals (2.5%) and was labeled “early eversion.” Conclusions: Asymptomatic frontal plane rearfoot motion can be classified into four distinct patterns, but most individuals (94.3%) exhibit one of two motion patterns (typical or prolonged eversion). (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(5): 399–405, 2009)

Balance-corrective responses to unexpected perturbations at the arms during treadmill walking

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1790-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Forero ◽  
John E. Misiaszek
Keyword(s):  
Arm Movements ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Postural Adjustments ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Base Of Support ◽  
Walking Aid

The arms have been shown to be involved in the regulation of balance during walking. The use of a walking aid enhances balance by increasing the base of support and reducing the load on the legs by partly transferring it to the arms. However, when actively engaged during a balance task, perturbations to the arms can destabilize balance. Previous studies have investigated postural adjustments associated with focal arm movements during standing and walking. However, balance-corrective reactions to unexpected perturbations to the arms during walking have not been well studied. In the present study, subjects walked on a treadmill while grasping a pair of handles when sudden perturbations were delivered by displacing the handles in the forward or backward direction. Instructing subjects to oppose the displacement of the handles resulted in strong responses in the arms that were accompanied by activation of muscles in the legs, comparable to those observed in other balance disturbance studies. Conversely, when subjects were instructed to allow the handles to move when displaced, no responses were observed in the arms. However, similar responses were observed in the legs whether subjects opposed the displacement of the handles or not when perturbations were applied at heel strike. The results from this study show that balance reactions can be elicited in the legs in response to perturbations applied at the arms, and that the expression of these responses is affected by the task engaged in by the arms.

Comparison of Foot Pronation and Lower Extremity Rotation in Persons With and Without Patellofemoral Pain

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Powers ◽  
Pon-Yo Chen ◽  
Stephen F. Reischl ◽  
Jaquelin Perry
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Foot Pronation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Camera Motion Analysis ◽  
Female Subjects

Abnormal foot pronation and subsequent rotation of the lower extremity has been hypothesized as being contributory to patellofemoral pain (PFP). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that subjects with PFP would exhibit larger degrees of foot pronation, tibia internal rotation, and femoral internal rotation compared to individuals without PFP. Twenty-four female subjects with a diagnosis of PFP and 17 female subjects without PFP participated. Three-dimensional kinematics of the foot, tibia, and femur segments were recorded during self-selected free-walking trials using a six-camera motion analysis system (VICON). No group differences were found with respect to the magnitude and timing of peak foot pronation and tibia rotation. However, the PFP group demonstrated significantly less femur internal rotation compared the comparison group. These results do not support the hypothesis that individuals with PFP demonstrate excessive foot pronation or tibial internal rotation compared to nonpainful individuals. The finding of decreased internal rotation in the PFP group suggests that this motion may be a compensatory strategy to reduce the quadriceps angle.

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