Contribution Levels of Intrinsic Risk Factors to the Management of Patients with Plantar Heel Pain

Background: Of all of the lower-extremity injuries with multifactorial causes, heel pain represents the most frequent reason for visits to health-care professionals. Managing patients with heel pain can be very difficult. The purpose of this research was to identify key variables that can influence foot health in patients with heel pain. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed with 62 participants recruited from the Educational Welfare Unit of the University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. Therapists, blinded for the study, acquired the anthropometric information and the Foot Posture Index, and participants completed the Foot Health Status Questionnaire. Results: The most significant results reveal that there is a moderate relationship between clinical variables such as footwear and Foot Health Status Questionnaire commands such as Shoe (r = 0.515; P < .001). The most significant model domain was General Health (P < .001), with the highest determination coefficient (beta not standard = 34.05). The most significant predictable variable was body mass index (−0.110). Conclusions: The variables that can help us manage clinical patients with heel pain are age, body mass index, footwear, and Foot Posture Index (left foot).

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The Foot Posture Index

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/1030400 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 400-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Raquel Sánchez Rodríguez ◽

Alfonso Martínez Nova ◽

Elena Escamilla Martínez ◽

Beatriz Gómez Martín ◽

Rodrigo Martínez Quintana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Limited Evidence ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Foot Posture ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Neutral Posture

Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI) quantifies foot posture on the basis of six criteria. Although the male foot is longer and broader than the female foot, limited evidence exists about the differences in foot posture between the sexes and which are its biological and anthropometric determinants. We sought to evaluate possible sex differences in the FPI and the determinants influencing foot posture. Methods: In 400 individuals (201 men and 199 women), the FPI was determined in the static bipedal stance and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (−2, −1, 0, 1, or 2) given to each of six criteria. A multiple regression model was constructed of the overall FPI against age, weight, height, body mass index, and foot size. Results: The mean ± SD FPI was 2.0 ± 4.3 overall, 1.6 ± 4.5 for men, and 2.4 ± 4.1 for women, with the difference being nonsignificant (P = .142). The neutral posture was the most frequent (57.3%). A greater proportion of women had neutral and pronated feet, and a greater proportion of men had supinated and highly supinated feet, with the differences being nonsignificant (P = .143). Foot size, height, and body mass index together explained 10.1% of the overall FPI value (P < .001). Conclusions: The most frequent posture was neutral with a certain degree of pronation, with no differences in FPI values between men and women. Participants with larger foot sizes had higher FPI values, whereas taller and heavier participants had lower FPI values. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(5): 400–404, 2013)

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Relationship of Body Mass Index and Footprint Morphology to the Actual Height of the Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18189815 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (18) ◽

pp. 9815

Author(s):

Carolina Rosende-Bautista ◽

Pedro V. Munuera-Martínez ◽

Teresa Seoane-Pillado ◽

María Reina-Bueno ◽

Francisco Alonso-Tajes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽

Men And Women ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Longitudinal Arch ◽

Flat Feet ◽

Foot Posture

The medial longitudinal arch height of the foot is linked to individual characteristics such as sex and body mass index, and these characteristics have been shown to be associated with conditions such as flat feet. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we examined the medial longitudinal arch morphology in an adult population to determine if there are differences related to sex and body mass index, and values were obtained for the foot posture index. Normalized anthropometric measurements and arch indices were calculated from footprints. Groups, defined by sex and body mass index, were compared, and the correlations between body mass index and the variables were determined. In the population studied (266 women and 177 men), significant differences between men and women for the foot posture index and normalized arch measurements were found. Analysis of the variables related to body mass index indicated there were significant differences in arch indices. Significant differences and positive correlations were also found between the arch index and body mass index for the left and right feet among the men and women studied. The results obtained allow us to reflect on and analyze whether the medial longitudinal arch morphology classification methods used in the clinical and research setting are adequate or whether the influence of factors such as body mass index can generate confusion.

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Translation and cultural adaptation of a Danish version of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire for individuals with plantar heel pain

The Foot ◽

10.1016/j.foot.2019.01.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 61-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Henrik Riel ◽

Martin Bach Jensen ◽

Jens Lykkegaard Olesen ◽

Michael Skovdal Rathleff

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Cultural Adaptation ◽

Heel Pain ◽

Foot Health ◽

Health Status Questionnaire ◽

Plantar Heel Pain ◽

Danish Version ◽

Translation And Cultural Adaptation ◽

Foot Health Status Questionnaire

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Clinical measures of foot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion do not differ in adults with and without plantar heel pain

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85520-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karl B. Landorf ◽

Michelle R. Kaminski ◽

Shannon E. Munteanu ◽

Gerard V. Zammit ◽

Hylton B. Menz

Keyword(s):

Ankle Joint ◽

Body Mass ◽

Heel Pain ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Plantar Heel Pain ◽

Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion ◽

Foot Posture ◽

Arch Index ◽

Clinical Measures

AbstractFoot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion have long been proposed to be risk factors for plantar heel pain, however body mass may be a confounder when investigating these factors. The aim of this study was to determine if clinical measures of foot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion differ in adults with and without plantar heel pain after accounting for body mass. This was a cross-sectional observational study that compared 50 participants with plantar heel pain to 25 control participants without plantar heel pain who were matched for age, sex and body mass index. Foot posture was assessed using the Foot Posture Index and the Arch Index. Ankle joint dorsiflexion was assessed with a weightbearing lunge test with the knee extended and with the knee flexed. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the groups for foot posture, whether measured with the Foot Posture Index or the Arch Index. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the weightbearing lunge test whether measured with the knee extended or with the knee flexed. Clinical measures of foot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion do not differ in adults with and without plantar heel pain when body mass is accounted for. Therefore, clinicians should not focus exclusively on foot posture and ankle dorsiflexion and ignore the contribution of overweight or obesity.

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EFFECT OF FOOT POSTURE INDEX ASSOCIATED WITH BODY MASS INDEX AND STANDING BALANCE IN HEALTHY POPULATION: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijpr.2016.127 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1540-1545 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anand Heggannavar ◽

◽

Preeti Ramannavar ◽

Santosh Metgud ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Observational Study ◽

Body Mass ◽

Standing Balance ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Foot Posture

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The relationship between foot posture index, ankle equinus, body mass index and intermetatarsal neuroma

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research ◽

10.1186/s13047-016-0179-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Reza Naraghi ◽

Alexandra Bremner ◽

Linda Slack-Smith ◽

Alan Bryant

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Foot Posture ◽

The Relationship

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Impact of plantar fasciitis on the quality of life of male and female patients according to the Foot Health Status Questionnaire

Journal of Pain Research ◽

10.2147/jpr.s159918 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol Volume 11 ◽

pp. 875-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patricia Palomo López ◽

Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo ◽

Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias ◽

David Rodríguez-Sanz ◽

Cesar Calvo Lobo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Health Status ◽

Plantar Fasciitis ◽

Foot Health ◽

Male And Female ◽

Health Status Questionnaire ◽

Female Patients ◽

Foot Health Status Questionnaire

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Corticosteroid injection plus exercise versus exercise, beyond advice and a heel cup for patients with plantar fasciopathy: protocol for a randomised clinical superiority trial (the FIX-Heel trial)

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-019-3977-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Henrik Riel ◽

Bill Vicenzino ◽

Jens Lykkegaard Olesen ◽

Martin Bach Jensen ◽

Lars Holger Ehlers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Corticosteroid Injection ◽

Activity Level ◽

Foot Health ◽

Health Status Questionnaire ◽

Plantar Fasciopathy ◽

Superiority Trial ◽

Patient Advice ◽

Foot Health Status Questionnaire

Abstract Background Plantar fasciopathy has a lifetime prevalence of 10%. Patients experience sharp pain under the heel, often for several months or years. Multiple treatments are available, but no single treatment appears superior to the others. A corticosteroid injection offers short-term pain relief but is no better than placebo in the longer term (> 8 weeks). Heavy-slow resistance training has shown potentially positive effects on long-term outcomes (> 3 months), and combining exercises with an injection may prove to be superior to exercises alone. However, the effect of heavy-slow resistance training compared with a simpler approach of patient advice (e.g., load management) and insoles is currently unknown. This trial compares the efficacy of patient advice with patient advice plus heavy-slow resistance training and with patient advice plus heavy-slow resistance training plus a corticosteroid injection in improving the Foot Health Status Questionnaire pain score after 12 weeks in patients with plantar fasciopathy. Methods In this randomised superiority trial, we will recruit 180 patients with ultrasound-confirmed plantar fasciopathy and randomly allocate them to one of three groups: (1) patient advice and an insole (n = 60); (2) patient advice, an insole, and self-dosed heavy-slow resistance training consisting of heel raises (n = 60); or (3) patient advice, an insole, heavy-slow resistance training, and an ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection (n = 60). All participants will be followed for 1 year, with the 12-week follow-up considered the primary endpoint. The primary outcome is the Foot Health Status questionnaire pain domain score. Secondary outcomes include the remaining three domains of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire, a 7-point Global Rating of Change, the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, physical activity level, health-related quality of life measured by the EQ-5D-5L, and Patient Acceptable Symptom State, which is the point at which participants feel no further need for treatment. Additionally, a health economic evaluation of the treatments will be carried out. Discussion This trial will test if adding heavy-slow resistance training to fundamental patient advice and an insole improves outcomes and if a corticosteroid injection adds even further to that effect in patients with plantar fasciopathy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03804008. Prospectively registered on January 15, 2019.

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