The Foot Posture Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Sánchez Rodríguez ◽  
Alfonso Martínez Nova ◽  
Elena Escamilla Martínez ◽  
Beatriz Gómez Martín ◽  
Rodrigo Martínez Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neutral Posture

Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI) quantifies foot posture on the basis of six criteria. Although the male foot is longer and broader than the female foot, limited evidence exists about the differences in foot posture between the sexes and which are its biological and anthropometric determinants. We sought to evaluate possible sex differences in the FPI and the determinants influencing foot posture. Methods: In 400 individuals (201 men and 199 women), the FPI was determined in the static bipedal stance and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (−2, −1, 0, 1, or 2) given to each of six criteria. A multiple regression model was constructed of the overall FPI against age, weight, height, body mass index, and foot size. Results: The mean ± SD FPI was 2.0 ± 4.3 overall, 1.6 ± 4.5 for men, and 2.4 ± 4.1 for women, with the difference being nonsignificant (P = .142). The neutral posture was the most frequent (57.3%). A greater proportion of women had neutral and pronated feet, and a greater proportion of men had supinated and highly supinated feet, with the differences being nonsignificant (P = .143). Foot size, height, and body mass index together explained 10.1% of the overall FPI value (P < .001). Conclusions: The most frequent posture was neutral with a certain degree of pronation, with no differences in FPI values between men and women. Participants with larger foot sizes had higher FPI values, whereas taller and heavier participants had lower FPI values. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(5): 400–404, 2013)

Normal Values of the Foot Posture Index in a Young Adult Spanish Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron ◽  
Raquel Sanchez-Rodriguez ◽  
Eva Lopezosa-Reca ◽  
Jose Antonio Cervera-Marin ◽  
Rodrigo Martinez-Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background Although the appearance of foot or lower-limb pathologies is etiologically multifactorial, foot postures in pronation or supination have been related to certain diseases such as patellofemoral syndrome and plantar fasciitis. The objective of the present study was to determine the normal values of foot posture in a healthy young adult Spanish sample, and to identify individuals at risk of developing some foot pathology. Methods The Foot Posture Index (FPI) was determined in a sample of 635 (304 men, 331 women) healthy young adults (ages 18–30 years). The FPI raw score was transformed into a logit score, and a new classification was obtained with the mean ± 2 SD to identify the 5% of the sample with potentially pathologic feet. Results The normal range of the FPI was −1 to +6, and FPI values from +10 to +12 and −6 to −12 could be classified as indicating potentially pathologic feet. The women's logit FPI (0.50 ± 1.4, raw FPI +3) was higher than the men's (0.25 ± 1.6, raw FPI +2), with the difference being significant (P = 0.038). No statistically significant differences were found between body mass index groups (P = 0.141). Conclusions The normal FPI range goes from just one point of supination to a certain degree of pronation (+6). The identification of 35 individuals with potentially pathologic feet may help in the implementation of a preventive plan to avoid the appearance of foot disorders.

scholarly journals Relationship of Body Mass Index and Footprint Morphology to the Actual Height of the Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9815
Author(s):  
Carolina Rosende-Bautista ◽  
Pedro V. Munuera-Martínez ◽  
Teresa Seoane-Pillado ◽  
María Reina-Bueno ◽  
Francisco Alonso-Tajes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Foot Posture

The medial longitudinal arch height of the foot is linked to individual characteristics such as sex and body mass index, and these characteristics have been shown to be associated with conditions such as flat feet. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we examined the medial longitudinal arch morphology in an adult population to determine if there are differences related to sex and body mass index, and values were obtained for the foot posture index. Normalized anthropometric measurements and arch indices were calculated from footprints. Groups, defined by sex and body mass index, were compared, and the correlations between body mass index and the variables were determined. In the population studied (266 women and 177 men), significant differences between men and women for the foot posture index and normalized arch measurements were found. Analysis of the variables related to body mass index indicated there were significant differences in arch indices. Significant differences and positive correlations were also found between the arch index and body mass index for the left and right feet among the men and women studied. The results obtained allow us to reflect on and analyze whether the medial longitudinal arch morphology classification methods used in the clinical and research setting are adequate or whether the influence of factors such as body mass index can generate confusion.

scholarly journals Contribution Levels of Intrinsic Risk Factors to the Management of Patients with Plantar Heel Pain

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Belen Ortega-Avila ◽  
Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas ◽  
Ana María Jiménez-Cebrián ◽  
María Teresa Labajos-Manzanares ◽  
Francisco Javier Barón-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Health Status Questionnaire ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Foot Health Status Questionnaire

Background: Of all of the lower-extremity injuries with multifactorial causes, heel pain represents the most frequent reason for visits to health-care professionals. Managing patients with heel pain can be very difficult. The purpose of this research was to identify key variables that can influence foot health in patients with heel pain. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed with 62 participants recruited from the Educational Welfare Unit of the University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. Therapists, blinded for the study, acquired the anthropometric information and the Foot Posture Index, and participants completed the Foot Health Status Questionnaire. Results: The most significant results reveal that there is a moderate relationship between clinical variables such as footwear and Foot Health Status Questionnaire commands such as Shoe (r = 0.515; P < .001). The most significant model domain was General Health (P < .001), with the highest determination coefficient (beta not standard = 34.05). The most significant predictable variable was body mass index (−0.110). Conclusions: The variables that can help us manage clinical patients with heel pain are age, body mass index, footwear, and Foot Posture Index (left foot).

Influence of Age, Sex, and Anthropometric Determinants on the Foot Posture Index in a Pediatric Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Jimenez-Cebrian ◽  
María Francisca Morente-Bernal ◽  
Pedro Daniel Román-Bravo ◽  
Juan Francisco Saucedo-Badía ◽  
Juan Antonio Alonso-Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Quantitative Result ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foot Position

Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is a clinical tool for diagnosis that aims to quantify the grade of a foot position as neutral, pronated, or supinated. Its purpose is to develop a simple six-factor method for rating foot posture with an easy and quantitative result. We evaluated possible differences in the FPI by sex and the influences of age, weight, height, foot size, and body mass index (BMI) on foot posture. Methods: In 150 asymptomatic children (79 boys and 71 girls) aged 8 to 13 years, we determined weight, height, BMI, and FPI in the bipedal, static, and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (–2, –1, 0, 1, 2) given to each of the six criteria. Results: The mean ± SD FPI value for the total sample was 5.1 ± 2.1 (boys: 5.1 ± 2.2; girls: 5.2 ± 2.0), so there were no significant differences between the sexes (P = .636). Of the 150 feet examined, none had FPI values of very supinated or highly pronated, two were supinated (1.3%), 76 neutral (50.7%), and 72 pronated (48.0%). Of the total FPI values, 7.7% can be explained by anthropometric variables: height, weight, and foot size (r2 = 0.077; P < .010). Conclusions: The most frequent foot postures in the sample were neutral and pronated. Neither age nor BMI explained variations in the FPI.

The Foot Posture Index in Men Practicing Three Sports Different in Their Biomechanical Gestures

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Martínez-Nova ◽  
Eduardo Gómez-Blázquez ◽  
Elena Escamilla-Martínez ◽  
Pedro Pérez-Soriano ◽  
Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Talar Head ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Mean

Background The technical gestures characteristic of certain sports may lead to one type of foot being more prevalent than the others. The Foot Posture Index (FPI) has been used as a diagnostic tool for support postures in various sports, but the differences in these postures between sports of distinct gestures in their actions are far from completely understood. Methods The overall FPI, obtained as the sum of the scores of its six individual criteria, was determined in 90 male athletes (30 runners, 30 basketball players, and 30 handball players) in static bipedal stance and relaxed position. Analysis of variance was used to find significant differences among the three sports in the total FPI and its six criteria. Results The mean ± SD FPI was 2.9 ± 2.8 in runners, 3.9 ± 4.1 in basketball players, and −0.4 ± 6.9 in handball players, with significant differences among these groups (P = .008). Significant differences were also found in the talar head position and talonavicular prominence values between handball players and runners (P = .001 and P = .004, respectively) and between handball and basketball players (P = .002 and P = .006, respectively). Conclusions Runners and basketball players had neutral feet, whereas handball players had supinated feet. The differences in foot posture seem to be mainly determined by two of the FPI criteria: talar head position and talonavicular prominence.

scholarly journals The foot posture index between elite athletic and sedentary college students

Kinesiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Liang Kuo ◽  
Yves Shen-Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Difference

Sports participation may lead to musculoskeletal adaptation and alter foot posture; however, the effect of high impact sports on foot posture has not fully been understood yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in foot posture between elite collegiate athletes participating in high impact sports and sedentary college students using the Foot Posture Index (FPI). Foot postures of 30 elite collegiate athletes of high impact sports and 30 sedentary controls were observed in standing and evaluated using the 6-item FPI. The FPI-6 score for the athletic group was statistically significantly higher than that for the sedentary group (z=−2.282, p=.022). Participation in high impact sports can be associated with a more pronated foot posture; however, most college students, whether athletic or sedentary, had normal feet as categorized by the FPI-6.

scholarly journals Clinical measures of foot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion do not differ in adults with and without plantar heel pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl B. Landorf ◽  
Michelle R. Kaminski ◽  
Shannon E. Munteanu ◽  
Gerard V. Zammit ◽  
Hylton B. Menz
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Plantar Heel Pain ◽  
Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
Clinical Measures

AbstractFoot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion have long been proposed to be risk factors for plantar heel pain, however body mass may be a confounder when investigating these factors. The aim of this study was to determine if clinical measures of foot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion differ in adults with and without plantar heel pain after accounting for body mass. This was a cross-sectional observational study that compared 50 participants with plantar heel pain to 25 control participants without plantar heel pain who were matched for age, sex and body mass index. Foot posture was assessed using the Foot Posture Index and the Arch Index. Ankle joint dorsiflexion was assessed with a weightbearing lunge test with the knee extended and with the knee flexed. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the groups for foot posture, whether measured with the Foot Posture Index or the Arch Index. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the weightbearing lunge test whether measured with the knee extended or with the knee flexed. Clinical measures of foot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion do not differ in adults with and without plantar heel pain when body mass is accounted for. Therefore, clinicians should not focus exclusively on foot posture and ankle dorsiflexion and ignore the contribution of overweight or obesity.

scholarly journals FRI0415 BODY MASS INDEX AND STATIC FOOT DISORDERS IN GONARTHROSIC PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 806.3-806
Author(s):  
K. Maatallah ◽  
M. Hfaidh ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
W. Triki ◽  
D. Kaffel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Navicular Bone ◽  
Hindfoot Alignment ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Hindfoot Deformities

Background:Several studies have shown that there is a link between body mass index (BMI) and painful foot imputed to a biomechanical change in foot structure [1].Objectives:Our objective was to study the association between BMI and static foot disorders in gonarthrosic subjects.Methods:It was a prospective descriptive study conducted in the rheumatology department of the Mohamed Kassab Institute of Orthopedics with 60 patients with Gonarthrosis. The socio-demographic data of the patients were studied. BMI was calculated for all patients. Static foot disorders have been studied.Results:Sixty patients were included, 83.3% of whom were female. The average age was 55.2 years [38-78 years]. The disease has been evolving for an average of 6 years [1-13 years]. The lesion was bilateral in 80% of cases, the average body mass index was 30.4 kg / m2 [24-36]. Knee arthritis was classified as stage I, II and III according to the Kellgren and Lawrence classification in 18.5%, 55.6% and 25.9% of patients respectively. The foot examination involved 108 gonarthrosic limbs. Examination of the integuments showed hyperkeratosis in 94.4% of the cases (79.6% calluses and 83.3% callosities). Forefoot deformities were Hallux valgus (HV) in 52.8% of cases and overlapping toes in 18.5% of cases. Pronation deformity using the Foot Posture Index (FPI) was found in 51.9% of cases. Abnormal lowering of navicular bone was noted in 51.9%. The podoscopic impression revealed flat feet in 73.2% of the cases.A statistically significant association was found between BMI and the presence of calluses (31.21 ± 2.897 vs26.83 ± 1.425, p <0.001), with HV (31.37 ± 3.086 vs29.49 ± 2.969, p = 0.002), at the overlap of the toes (33.2 ± 1.361vs29.86 ± 1.130, p <0.001), with the lowering of the navicular bone (31.17 ± 2.885vs29.68 ± 3.304, p = 0.015), FPI (p = 0.003) and flat podoscopic impression (p <0.001).Conclusion:BMI is strongly associated with static feet disorders in gonarthrosic patients by aggravating the postural changes in the foot caused by knee osteoarthritis [2]. Obesity is associated mainly with the existence of flat feet, pronation of the foot, toes deformities and hyperkeratosis.References:[1]Steele JR, Mickle KJ, Munro B. Fat flat frail feet: how does obesity affect the older foot. XXII Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics; 2009[2]Norton AA, Callaghan JJ, Amendola A, Phisitkul P, Wongsak S, Liu SS, et al. Correlation of knee and hindfoot deformities in advanced knee OA: compensatory hindfoot alignment and where it occurs. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(1):166-74Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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