scholarly journals Clinical measures of foot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion do not differ in adults with and without plantar heel pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl B. Landorf ◽  
Michelle R. Kaminski ◽  
Shannon E. Munteanu ◽  
Gerard V. Zammit ◽  
Hylton B. Menz
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Plantar Heel Pain ◽  
Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
Clinical Measures

AbstractFoot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion have long been proposed to be risk factors for plantar heel pain, however body mass may be a confounder when investigating these factors. The aim of this study was to determine if clinical measures of foot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion differ in adults with and without plantar heel pain after accounting for body mass. This was a cross-sectional observational study that compared 50 participants with plantar heel pain to 25 control participants without plantar heel pain who were matched for age, sex and body mass index. Foot posture was assessed using the Foot Posture Index and the Arch Index. Ankle joint dorsiflexion was assessed with a weightbearing lunge test with the knee extended and with the knee flexed. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the groups for foot posture, whether measured with the Foot Posture Index or the Arch Index. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the weightbearing lunge test whether measured with the knee extended or with the knee flexed. Clinical measures of foot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion do not differ in adults with and without plantar heel pain when body mass is accounted for. Therefore, clinicians should not focus exclusively on foot posture and ankle dorsiflexion and ignore the contribution of overweight or obesity.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Clinical measures of foot posture and ankle joint dorsiflexion do not differ in adults with and without plantar heel pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl B. Landorf ◽  
Michelle R. Kaminski ◽  
Shannon E. Munteanu ◽  
Gerard V. Zammit ◽  
Hylton B. Menz
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Plantar Heel Pain ◽  
Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Clinical Measures

scholarly journals Contribution Levels of Intrinsic Risk Factors to the Management of Patients with Plantar Heel Pain

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Belen Ortega-Avila ◽  
Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas ◽  
Ana María Jiménez-Cebrián ◽  
María Teresa Labajos-Manzanares ◽  
Francisco Javier Barón-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Health Status Questionnaire ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Foot Health Status Questionnaire

Background: Of all of the lower-extremity injuries with multifactorial causes, heel pain represents the most frequent reason for visits to health-care professionals. Managing patients with heel pain can be very difficult. The purpose of this research was to identify key variables that can influence foot health in patients with heel pain. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed with 62 participants recruited from the Educational Welfare Unit of the University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. Therapists, blinded for the study, acquired the anthropometric information and the Foot Posture Index, and participants completed the Foot Health Status Questionnaire. Results: The most significant results reveal that there is a moderate relationship between clinical variables such as footwear and Foot Health Status Questionnaire commands such as Shoe (r = 0.515; P &lt; .001). The most significant model domain was General Health (P &lt; .001), with the highest determination coefficient (beta not standard = 34.05). The most significant predictable variable was body mass index (−0.110). Conclusions: The variables that can help us manage clinical patients with heel pain are age, body mass index, footwear, and Foot Posture Index (left foot).

scholarly journals A Comparison of Arch Index, Foot Posture Index and Surgeon Observation for Foot Type Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0031
Author(s):  
Dukens LaBaze ◽  
Alexandra Gabrielli ◽  
William Anderst ◽  
MaCalus V. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Foot Morphology ◽  
Qualitative Measure ◽  
Arch Index

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Foot morphology is a key aspect of patient evaluation. Individuals with Pes planus usually have medial foot pain; those with Pes Cavus commonly have pain over lateral foot. Foot Posture Index (FPI) is a qualitative measure that uses six specific physical exam parameters. Arch index (AI) is a quantitative measure in which the footprint is photographed and measured. Radiographs allow for visualization of the bone and used to directly measure parameters of foot morphology such as calcaneal pitch (CP). The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of surgeon observation, FPI, and AI in determining foot type, with CP serving as the reference standard. Our hypothesis is that surgeon observation will be more sensitive and specific than FPI and AI for identifying foot type. Methods: Following institutional review board approval and informed consent, we examined 41 adults (82 Feet) (average age 37.8+-17.6 yrs.; range: 20 to 68 years old; 20F/21M) without history of prior foot or ankle injury. Subject evaluation included bilateral FPI exam, lateral and hindfoot standing radiographs, pedographs, and weightbearing photographs. Three authors were trained to perform standardized FPI assessments. The radiographs and photographs were presented in a randomized order to a board-certified foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeon to classify a foot as either planus, cavus or normal (Figure 1). Calcaneal pitch was measured for each foot by finding the angle between the inferior surface of the calcaneus and the supporting surface, with normal classified as 18°-32°, planus <18° and, and cavus>32°[2,3]. Arch index was calculated for each foot from pedograph, with normal classified as 0.21 to 0.28, planus < 0.21 and cavus >0.28. Results: The gold standard calcaneal pitch measurements identified 12 planus, 57 normal, and 13 cavus feet. Surgeon observation was the most sensitive for identifying planus feet and most specific for identifying cavus feet (Table 1). Arch index was the most sensitive for identifying cavus feet and most specific for identifying both planus and normal feet. FPI was most sensitive for identifying normal feet. The correlation between raw scores on the FPI and AI to CP were weak to moderate, -0.387 and -0.526, respectively (p<0.01). Conclusion: Surgeon observation is the only method that had a sensitivity over 0.50 for two different foot morphologies. FPI does not have the highest specificity for any particular foot type; however, a specificity of 0.844 and 0.971 for planus and cavus feet demonstrates that FPI is a suitable modality for evaluating pathologic morphology. Our specificity is close to a prior reported 0.932. These similarities in statistics reassure us that our methods are consistent with prior studies. Limitations of the study include small sample size and a single surgeon reviewing imaging. [Table: see text]

The Relationship Between Wearing Incorrectly Sized Shoes and Foot Dimensions, Foot Pain, and Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Paiva de Castro ◽  
José Rubens Rebelatto ◽  
Thaís Rabiatti Aurichio
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Ankle Pain ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Shoe Size ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Wearing inappropriate shoes can cause biomechanical imbalance, foot problems, and pain and induce falls.Objective:To verify the prevalence of wearing incorrectly sized shoes and the relationship between incorrectly sized shoes and foot dimensions, pain, and diabetes among older adults.Design:A cross-sectional study.Participants:399 older adults (227 women and 172 men) age 60 to 90 y.Main Outcome Measures:The participants were asked about the presence of diabetes, pain in the lower limbs and back, and pain when wearing shoes. Foot evaluations comprised the variables of width, perimeter, height, length, first metatarsophalangeal angle, the Arch Index, and the Foot Posture Index. The data analysis was performed using a 2-sample t test and chi-square test.Results:The percentage of the participants wearing shoe sizes bigger than their foot length was 48.5% for the women and 69.2% for the men. Only 1 man was wearing a shoe size smaller than his foot length. The older adults wearing the incorrect shoe size presented larger values for foot width, perimeter, and height than those wearing the correct size, but there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the Arch Index and the Foot Posture Index. Incorrectly sized shoes were associated with ankle pain in women but not with diabetes. Men were more likely to wear incorrectly fitting shoes. The use of correctly sized shoes was associated with back pain in women.Conclusions:The use of incorrectly sized shoes was highly prevalent in the population studied and was associated with larger values for foot width, perimeter, and height and with ankle pain.

The Foot Posture Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Sánchez Rodríguez ◽  
Alfonso Martínez Nova ◽  
Elena Escamilla Martínez ◽  
Beatriz Gómez Martín ◽  
Rodrigo Martínez Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neutral Posture

Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI) quantifies foot posture on the basis of six criteria. Although the male foot is longer and broader than the female foot, limited evidence exists about the differences in foot posture between the sexes and which are its biological and anthropometric determinants. We sought to evaluate possible sex differences in the FPI and the determinants influencing foot posture. Methods: In 400 individuals (201 men and 199 women), the FPI was determined in the static bipedal stance and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (−2, −1, 0, 1, or 2) given to each of six criteria. A multiple regression model was constructed of the overall FPI against age, weight, height, body mass index, and foot size. Results: The mean ± SD FPI was 2.0 ± 4.3 overall, 1.6 ± 4.5 for men, and 2.4 ± 4.1 for women, with the difference being nonsignificant (P = .142). The neutral posture was the most frequent (57.3%). A greater proportion of women had neutral and pronated feet, and a greater proportion of men had supinated and highly supinated feet, with the differences being nonsignificant (P = .143). Foot size, height, and body mass index together explained 10.1% of the overall FPI value (P &lt; .001). Conclusions: The most frequent posture was neutral with a certain degree of pronation, with no differences in FPI values between men and women. Participants with larger foot sizes had higher FPI values, whereas taller and heavier participants had lower FPI values. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(5): 400–404, 2013)

scholarly journals Relationship of Body Mass Index and Footprint Morphology to the Actual Height of the Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9815
Author(s):  
Carolina Rosende-Bautista ◽  
Pedro V. Munuera-Martínez ◽  
Teresa Seoane-Pillado ◽  
María Reina-Bueno ◽  
Francisco Alonso-Tajes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Foot Posture

The medial longitudinal arch height of the foot is linked to individual characteristics such as sex and body mass index, and these characteristics have been shown to be associated with conditions such as flat feet. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we examined the medial longitudinal arch morphology in an adult population to determine if there are differences related to sex and body mass index, and values were obtained for the foot posture index. Normalized anthropometric measurements and arch indices were calculated from footprints. Groups, defined by sex and body mass index, were compared, and the correlations between body mass index and the variables were determined. In the population studied (266 women and 177 men), significant differences between men and women for the foot posture index and normalized arch measurements were found. Analysis of the variables related to body mass index indicated there were significant differences in arch indices. Significant differences and positive correlations were also found between the arch index and body mass index for the left and right feet among the men and women studied. The results obtained allow us to reflect on and analyze whether the medial longitudinal arch morphology classification methods used in the clinical and research setting are adequate or whether the influence of factors such as body mass index can generate confusion.

Sever’s Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf W. Scharfbillig ◽  
Sara Jones ◽  
Sheila Scutter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Ankle Joint Dorsiflexion ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Calcaneal Apophysitis

Background: Sever’s disease, also known as calcaneal apophysitis, is thought to be an inflammation of the apophysis of the heel, which is open in childhood. This condition has been commented on and looked at in a retrospective manner but has not been examined systematically. We assembled the most commonly cited theoretical causative models identified from the literature and tested them to determine whether any were risk factors. Methods: Children with Sever’s disease were compared with a similarly aged nonsymptomatic population to determine whether identifiable risk factors exist for the onset of Sever’s disease. Areas raised in the literature and, hence, compared were biomechanical foot malalignment, as measured by Root et al–type foot measurements and the Foot Posture Index; ankle joint dorsiflexion, measured with a modified apparatus; body mass index; and total activity and types of sport played. Results: Statistically significant but small odds ratios were found in forefoot to rearfoot determination and left ankle joint dorsiflexion. Conclusions: This study suggests that there is no evidence to support that weight and activity levels are risk factors for Sever’s disease. The statistically significant but clinically negligible odds ratio (0.93) on the left side for decreased ankle joint dorsiflexion and statistically significant and clinically stronger odds ratio bilaterally for forefoot to rearfoot malalignment suggest that biomechanical malalignment is an area for further investigation. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(2): 133–145, 2011)

scholarly journals Establishing normative foot posture index values for the paediatric population: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron ◽  
Jesus Montes-Alguacil ◽  
Pilar Alfageme-Garcia ◽  
Jose Antonio Cervera-Marin ◽  
Jose Miguel Morales-Asencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture
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