A Comparison of Radiographic Foot Measurements Taken in Two Different Positions

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Straight Ahead

The purpose of this study was to ascertain if positioning of the feet for radiographic assessment produces significant variations in measured angles, and if measurements taken from radiographs taken on two separate occasions are reproducible. Weightbearing x-rays were taken of both feet of ten male healthy subjects in two standardized positions: 1) the angle and base of gait and 2) the feet together and straight-ahead positions. The radiographs were repeated 2 weeks later. The results failed to demonstrate significant differences of radiographic measurements between the two specific foot-positioning methods. No significant differences were found between radiographic measurements of normal feet taken on different occasions. A strong correlation of the repeated measures suggests that weightbearing foot radiographs can be reliably reproduced. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(5): 234-239, 2001)

Radiographic Assessment of the Robert and Lateral Views in Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthrosis

Hand Surgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Oheb ◽  
Yuri Lansinger ◽  
Joshua A. Jansen ◽  
Jimmy Q. Nguyen ◽  
Margaret A. Porembski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Radiographic Disease ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Subchondral Sclerosis

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Robert view in assessing trapeziometacarpal arthrosis and to compare the accuracy of the Robert and lateral views in staging trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint arthrosis. Methods: Patient demographics were obtained. Four participating raters reviewed 62 randomly selected thumb x-rays of patients presenting with thumb TM joint pain. Lateral and Robert-hyperpronation views were assessed using an analysis of 13 criteria. Results: X-rays of 62 thumbs for 58 patients were evaluated. The average patients' age was 64 (47-87) and 51 (80%) were females. The majority of X-rays evaluated fell into stage 3. Stage 2 was the second most common level of arthritis encountered and the least was stage 1. More osteophytes were encountered in the trapezium than metacarpal on both the Robert and lateral views. The Robert view was superior in detecting osteophytes on the trapezium than the lateral view. Osteophyte size varied from 1.7 to 2 mm. The lateral view displayed 61 cases with dorsal metacarpal subluxation (98%). The Robert view displayed 48 cases (77%) with radial metacarpal subluxation and 9 cases (15%) with ulnar metacarpal subluxation. Thumb metacarpal adduction deformity was encountered on the lateral view in 20 cases (32%) whereas on the Robert view it was encountered in 14 cases (23%). Subchondral sclerosis was encountered on the Robert view in 56 thumbs (90%) while it was seen on the lateral view in 52 thumbs (84%). Pantrapezial arthritis involving the STT joint was encountered equally in 16 cases (26%) on the Robert view and the lateral views. The study found a moderate level of interrater reliability on both the lateral and Robert views. With the exception of osteophytes encountered on the trapezium versus the metacarpal, there were no other statistically significant findings. Conclusions: This study confirms that each of the Robert and lateral views offer unique information and combining both views enhances the ability to assess radiographic disease severity, and should be the recommended set of X-rays for assessing TM osteoarthrosis.

Clinicoradiographic Assessment of Flexible Flatfoot in Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Benedetti ◽  
Lisa Berti ◽  
Sofia Straudi ◽  
Francesco Ceccarelli ◽  
Sandro Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Valgus Deformity ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Heel Pain ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Flexible Flatfoot

Background: Radiographic assessment is still used to evaluate flexible flatfoot in children. Methods: To find a set of radiologic parameters for assessing this disease, we studied 53 children aged 10 to 14 years. The degree of plantar collapse was measured by Viladot’s classification (grades 0–4). The degree of valgus deformity measured in the heel in a standing position, the presence of painful points, and functional limitation during daily-living activities were also reported. The children underwent standard radiography of the foot under load. On the dorsoplantar view, the talocalcaneal, hallux metatarsophalangeal, and first intermetatarsal angles were measured. On the lateral view, the talocalcaneal, Costa Bertani, talometatarsal, talonavicular, and tibiotalar angles were measured. The radiographic measurements were compared with the data reported in the literature and were correlated with the clinical parameters studied (degree of flatfoot, valgus deviation of the heel, pain, and functional limitation). Results: The radiographic measures that resulted increased with respect to the reference values reported in the literature for the Costa Bertani (93.1% of feet), talometatarsal (93.5%), talonavicular (89.1%), and tibiotalar (69.7%) angles, all in the lateral view. Of the angles assessed in the dorsoplantar view, the hallux metatarsophalangeal (11.1%) and first intermetatarsal (24.2%) angles were increased. The degree of flatfoot was correlated with the Costa Bertani angle (P < .0005). In the group with pain, the lateral talocalcaneal (P = .016) and first intermetatarsal (P = .02) angles were increased compared within the group without pain. Conclusions: Despite technical limitations, we still consider standard radiography of the foot, combined with clinical examination, to be a valid tool for assessing flexible flatfoot in children, especially when surgical treatment is expected and when a basic measure of the structural setup of the foot is necessary. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 100(6): 463–471, 2010)

scholarly journals Sequential Coordination between Lingual and Pharyngeal Pressures Produced during Dry Swallowing

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitsuro Yano ◽  
Yoichiro Aoyagi ◽  
Takahiro Ono ◽  
Kazuhiro Hori ◽  
Wakami Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
Pharyngeal Pressure ◽  
Median Part ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate oropharyngeal pressure flow dynamics during dry swallowing in ten healthy subjects. Tongue pressure (TP) was measured using a sensor sheet system with five measuring points on the hard palate, and pharyngeal pressure (PP) was measured using a manometric catheter with four measuring points. The order and correlations of sequential events, such as onset, peak, and offset times of pressure production, at each pressure measuring point were analyzed on the synchronized waveforms. Onset of TP was earlier than that of PP. The peak of TP did not show significant differences with the onset of PP, and it was earlier than that of PP. There was no significant difference between the offset of TP and PP. The onset of PP was temporally time-locked to the peak of TP, and there was an especially strong correlation between the onset of PP and TP at the posterior-median part on the hard palate. The offset of PP was temporally time-locked to that of TP. These results could be interpreted as providing an explanation for the generation of oropharyngeal pressure flow to ensure efficient bolus transport and safe swallowing.

scholarly journals  Early surgical intervention is indicated for recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Tragesser ◽  
Brian W. Gray, MD ◽  
Matthew P. Landman, MD, MPH
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Ipsilateral Recurrence ◽  
History Of

Background: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) occurs most often in adolescent patients. There is consensus that surgical intervention plays an important role in preventing recurrence, however, the optimum timing of surgery is debated. We hypothesize that clinical and radiographic factors are associated with eventual need for surgery.  Experimental Design: We searched the medical record for PSP patients between ages 9 and 21 treated from 1/1/08 to 12/31/17 and collected data on chest tube management, radiographic measurements, operative management, and recurrence. We performed univariate analysis on relationships between admission events and eventual surgery or other management strategies.  Results: We identified 68 PSP admissions from 31 patients. Considering only first-time admissions, there was no association between eventual surgery and clinical factors and radiographic findings.  The single factor associated with eventual surgery was history of pneumothorax in any lung (p=0.015). For patients with prior pneumothorax who underwent surgery, operation the day after admission would have reduced hospital stay by an average of 1.5 days (min=0, max=9) and an average of 2.2 days (min=0, max=10) if performed on the day of admission, with a mean 1.85 fewer chest x-rays (min=0, max=7). Considering only first admissions, ipsilateral recurrence rate was 16.7% after surgery, 46.7% after chest tube alone, and 100% after observation alone.  Conclusion: This analysis suggests that though eventual surgery is difficult to predict, ipsilateral recurrence rate is reduced following surgery. Furthermore, earlier operation in recurrent patients could reduce resource utilization. Thus, expedited surgical treatment may merit consideration in patients with a history of pneumothorax. 

scholarly journals Impact of Visual Field Testing on Intraocular Pressure Change Trends in Healthy People and Glaucoma Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengwei Li ◽  
Bingxin Zheng ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Xinghuai Sun
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Automated Perimetry ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Standard Automated Perimetry ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. To compare the impact of visual field (VF) testing on intraocular pressure (IOP) change trends between healthy subjects and glaucoma patients. Methods. We recruited healthy volunteer subjects who did not have previous ocular diseases and open-angle glaucoma patients who were medically controlled well. IOP in both eyes of each participant was measured by using a noncontact tonometer at five time points: before, immediately after (0 minute), and 10, 30, and 60 minutes after the standard automated perimetry. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of VF testing on IOP change trends in healthy and glaucoma eyes. Results. Forty healthy subjects (80 eyes) and 31 open-angle glaucoma patients (62 eyes) were included for the study. The baseline IOP of healthy and glaucoma eyes was 16.11 ± 3.01 mmHg and 15.78 ± 3.57 mmHg, respectively. After the VF testing, the IOP in healthy eyes was decreased by 1.5% at 0 minute, 6.5% at 10 minutes (P<0.001), 6.6% at 30 minutes (P<0.001), and 7.0% at 1 hour (P<0.001), indicating that this reduction was sustained for at least 1 hour. However, the IOP in glaucoma eyes was increased by 12.7% at 0 minute (P<0.001) and, then, returned towards initial values 1 hour after the VF testing. Conclusions. IOP change trends after VF field testing between healthy subjects and glaucoma patients were quite different. VF testing led to a mild and relatively sustained IOP decrease in healthy subjects, whereas IOP in open-angle glaucoma patients tended to significantly increase immediately after VF testing and, then, returned to pretest values after 1 hour. These findings indicate that the factors of VF testing should be considered in the clinical IOP measurements.

Validation of the Acoustic Voice Quality Index Version 03.01 and the Acoustic Breathiness Index in the Spanish language

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Delgado Hernández ◽  
Nieves M. León Gómez ◽  
Alejandra Jiménez ◽  
Laura M. Izquierdo ◽  
Ben Barsties v. Latoszek
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Acoustic Voice Quality Index ◽  
Diagnostic Outcome

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the Acoustic Voice Quality Index 03.01 (AVQIv3) and the Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI) in the Spanish language. Method: Concatenated voice samples of continuous speech (cs) and sustained vowel (sv) from 136 subjects with dysphonia and 47 vocally healthy subjects were perceptually judged for overall voice quality and breathiness severity. First, to reach a higher level of ecological validity, the proportions of cs and sv were equalized regarding the time length of 3 seconds sv part and voiced cs part, respectively. Second, concurrent validity and diagnostic accuracy were verified. Results: A moderate reliability of overall voice quality and breathiness severity from 5 experts was used. It was found that 33 syllables as standardization of the cs part, which represents 3 seconds of voiced cs, allows the equalization of both speech tasks. A strong correlation was revealed between AVQIv3 and overall voice quality and ABI and perceived breathiness severity. Additionally, the best diagnostic outcome was identified at a threshold of 2.28 and 3.40 for AVQIv3 and ABI, respectively. Conclusions: The AVQIv3 and ABI showed in the Spanish language valid and robust results to quantify abnormal voice qualities regarding overall voice quality and breathiness severity.

Modifying Stride Length in Isolation and in Combination With Foot Progression Angle and Step Width Can Improve Knee Kinetics Related to Osteoarthritis; A Preliminary Study in Healthy Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon N. Edd ◽  
Sami Bennour ◽  
Baptiste Ulrich ◽  
Brigitte M. Jolles ◽  
Julien Favre
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
Knee Kinetics ◽  
Foot Progression Angle ◽  
Knee Loading ◽  
Preliminary Study

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of modifying stride length (SL) on knee adduction and flexion moments, two markers of knee loading associated with medial-compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. This study also tested if SL modifications, in addition to foot progression angle (FP) and step width (SW) modifications, provide solutions in more subjects for reducing knee adduction moment (KAM) without increasing knee flexion moment (KFM), potentially protecting the joint. Fourteen healthy subjects (six female) were enrolled in this preliminary study. Walking trials were collected first without instructions, and then following foot placement instructions for 50 combinations of SL, FP, and SW modifications. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect group-average effects of footprint modifications on maximum KAM and KFM and on KAM impulse. Subject-specific dose–responses between footprint modifications and kinetics changes were modeled with linear regressions, and the models were used to identify modification solutions, per subject, for various kinetics change conditions. Shorter SL significantly decreased the three kinetics measures (p &lt; 0.01). Potential solutions for 10% reductions in maximum KAM and KAM impulse without increasing maximum KFM were identified for five subjects with FP and SW modifications. A significantly higher proportion of subjects had solutions when adding SL modifications (11 subjects, p = 0.04). In conclusion, SL is a valuable parameter to modify, especially in combination with FP and SW modifications, to reduce markers of medial knee loading. Future work is needed to extend these findings to osteoarthritic knees.

scholarly journals Syndesmotic Implant Removal: Does It Really Improve Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0026
Author(s):  
John Y. Kwon ◽  
Timilien Wusu ◽  
Jorge Briceno ◽  
Philip Kaiser ◽  
Patrick Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Digital Measurement ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: There is limited evidence that removal of syndesmotic implants is beneficial. Despite this, many surgeons advocate removal based on previous studies suggesting improved ankle dorsiflexion. Methodologic difficulties make the validity and applicability of previous works questionable. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ankle dorsiflexion after syndesmotic implant removal using radiographic measurements of ankle dorsiflexion before and after screw removal utilizing a standardized, applied load. Methods: All patients undergoing isolated syndesmotic implant removal were consented for participation. Ankle dorsiflexion was measured radiographically at three different time points: (I) immediately before implant removal intraoperatively, (II) immediately after implant removal intraoperatively and (III) approximately three months after implant removal. A standardized dorsiflexion torque force of 33.4 newton-meter (Nm) was applied to the ankle by a research assistant using a tensiometer at these time points and a perfect lateral radiograph of the ankle was obtained. Four reviewers independently measured ankle dorsiflexion on randomized, deidentified and blinded images using a digital measurement tool. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables. Paired T-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used for continuous variables. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated using a 2-way random effects model and the absolute agreement definition. Results: 29 patients met inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. There were 11 men (38%) and 18 women (62%). The mean, and standard deviation, age was 50.3 ± 16.9 years (range 19-80). The mean ankle dorsiflexion pre-operatively, post-op and at 3 month follow up was 13.7°± 6.6°, 13.3°±7.3° and 11.8°±11.3°, respectively (p=0.466). For subsequent analysis, 5 patients were excluded due to potential cofounding effect of retained suture button devices. Analysis of the remaining 24 patients demonstrated similar results with no statistically significant difference in ankle dorsiflexion at all three time points. Conclusion: Removal of syndesmotic screws does not improve ankle dorsiflexion motion and should not be used as an indication for screw removal.

Effects of image brightness and contrast dynamic altering stimuli (DAS) when viewing video content on ocular blood flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1511-1517
Author(s):  
Brent Siesky ◽  
Alon Harris ◽  
Joshua Gross ◽  
Emma Sechrist ◽  
David Camp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Retinal Blood Flow ◽  
Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Image Brightness ◽  
Retinal Capillary

Background/AimBlood flow deficiencies of the retinal and retrobulbar circulations have been previously reported in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and other eye diseases. Herein we investigated the effects of image brightness and contrast dynamic altering stimuli (DAS) when viewing a video content on ocular blood flow, intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in OAG and healthy subjects.MethodsThirty-five subjects, 25 with OAG (mild to moderate) and 10 healthy controls, were evaluated for blood pressure, IOP, OPP and retinal capillary blood flow before, immediately after, 30 min after and 60 min after using ReviView (a dichoptic video goggles device), which stimulates one eye with a DAS video image that is brighter and with greater contrast than the fellow eye (duration of exposure 30 min). Differences between each subject’s eyes and between OAG and healthy subjects were evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsAll subjects demonstrated a significant increase in OPP in both eyes immediately following viewing. In all DAS eyes, retinal capillary blood flow rose immediately after stimulation and remained elevated for an hour postviewing. Viewing DAS increased retinal blood flow compared with control eyes (p=0.0014, 0.0135 superiorly and p=0.0094, 0.0001 inferiorly, at 30 and 60 min, respectively). OAG eyes had a significant reduction in the number of dormant retinal capillaries (p=0.0174), while healthy eyes demonstrated a larger increase in retinal capillary blood flow (p=0.0006 and p=0.0093 at 60 min, superior and inferior, respectively) following DAS viewing.ConclusionViewing DAS video for 30 min using ReviView increased retina blood flow both in healthy subjects and in patients with OAG.Trial registration numberNCT02959593.

scholarly journals Alpha absolute power: motor learning of practical pistol shooting

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2b) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Amaral Domingues ◽  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Emerson Garcia Cavaleiro ◽  
Vernon Furtado ◽  
Mauricio Cagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

The present study aimed at investigating changes in behavior (shooting precision) and electrophysiological variables (absolute alpha power) during the motor learning of practical pistol shooting. The sample was composed of 23 healthy subjects, right-handed, male, between 18 and 20 years of age. The task consisted of four learning blocks. A One-way ANOVA with repeated measures and a post hoc analysis were employed to observe modifications on behavioral and electrophysiological measures (p<0.05). The results showed significative differences between blocks according to motor learning, and a significant improvement in shooting's accuracy from both blocks. It was observed a decrease in alpha power in all electrodes examined during task execution when compared with baseline and learning control blocks. The findings suggest that alpha power decreases as the function of the motor learning task when subjects are engaged in the motor execution.

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