Symmetry of Plantar Pressures and Vertical Forces in Healthy Subjects During Walking

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott VanZant ◽  
Thomas G. McPoil ◽  
Mark W. Cornwall
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
12 Steps ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Force Data

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of symmetry for in-shoe plantar pressure and vertical force patterns between the left and right feet of healthy subjects during walking. Thirty subjects with a mean age of 29.6 years participated in the study. Each subject walked a distance of 8 m three times while in-shoe plantar pressure and vertical force data were collected. A total of 12 steps were analyzed for both feet, and maximum vertical force, peak pressure, and pressure-time integrals were calculated for four plantar regions of the foot. No differences in the three variables were noted between male and female subjects. Plantar pressure and vertical force patterns were found to be symmetrical between the left and right feet, except for two of the four plantar regions studied. Only the forefoot and rearfoot regions were found to show significant differences between the left and right feet for plantar pressure and vertical force, respectively. The degree of asymmetry for these two plantar regions in the same foot, however, was minimal. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(7): 337-342, 2001)

Effect of Neutral-Cushioned Running Shoes on Plantar Pressure Loading and Comfort in Athletes with Cavus Feet

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2139-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Wegener ◽  
Joshua Burns ◽  
Stefania Penkala ◽  
Grad Dip Ex Spr Sc
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Pressure Loading ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Running Shoes

Background High injury rates observed in athletes with cavus feet are thought to be associated with elevated plantar pressure loading. Neutral-cushioned running shoes are often recommended to manage and prevent such injuries. Purpose To investigate in-shoe plantar pressure loading and comfort during running in 2 popular neutral-cushioned running shoes recommended for athletes with cavus feet. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Plantar pressures were collected using the in-shoe Novel Pedar-X system during overground running in 22 athletes with cavus feet in 2 neutral-cushioned running shoes (Asics Nimbus 6 and Brooks Glycerin 3) and a control condition (Dunlop Volley). Comfort was measured using a validated visual analog scale. Results Compared with the control, both neutral-cushioned running shoes significantly reduced peak pressure and pressure-time integrals by 17% to 33% ( P < .001). The Brooks Glycerin most effectively reduced pressure beneath the whole foot and forefoot ( P < .01), and the Asics Nimbus most effectively reduced rearfoot pressure ( P < .01). Both neutral-cushioned running shoes reduced force at the forefoot by 6% and increased it at the midfoot by 12% to 17% ( P < .05). Contact time and area increased in both neutral-cushioned running shoes ( P < .01). The Asics Nimbus was the most comfortable, although both neutral-cushioned running shoes were significantly more comfortable than the control ( P < .001). Conclusion Two popular types of neutral-cushioned running shoes were effective at reducing plantar pressures in athletes with cavus feet. Clinical Relevance Regional differences in pressure reduction suggest neutral-cushioned running shoe recommendation should shift from being categorical in nature to being based on location of injury or elevated plantar pressure.

Vertical forces and plantar pressures in selected aerobic movements versus walking

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Thompson ◽  
MR Hatley ◽  
TG McPoil ◽  
MW Cornwall
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Peak Plantar Pressure ◽  
Force Data

Ten subjects between the ages of 19 and 29 years walked and performed four aerobic movements over a force and pressure platform. Peak plantar pressure and peak vertical force data were collected three times on the dominant leg as each subject performed all of the five activities. Peak vertical forces acting on the lower extremities for the low impact aerobic movements were significantly less when compared with the high impact movements. As was expected, no differences were found in peak vertical forces between walking and the low impact aerobic movements. Peak plantar pressures for walking were not significantly different when compared with any of the four aerobic movements studied.

Variability of plantar pressure data. A comparison of the two-step and midgait methods

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG McPoil ◽  
MW Cornwall ◽  
L Dupuis ◽  
M Cornwell
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Reliable Representation

The number of trials required to obtain a reliable representation of the plantar pressure pattern is an important factor in the assessment of people with insensate feet or the use of plantar pressure data as a basis for fabrication of foot orthoses. Traditionally, the midgait method has been used for the collection of pressure data, but the large number of walking trials required by this method can increase the risk of injury to the plantar surface of the insensate foot. As a result, the two-step method of plantar pressure data collection has been advocated. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the degree of variability in regional plantar pressure measurements using the midgait and two-step methods of data collection. Plantar pressure data were collected from ten volunteers (five men and five women) between the ages of 20 and 35 years in 20 trials using both data-collection protocols. The results of the study indicate that three to five walking trials are needed to obtain reliable regional peak pressure and pressure-time integral values when the two-step data-collection protocol is used. Although either method can be used for pressure data collection, one method should be used consistently when repeated assessments are required.

Plantar Pressures During Shod Gait in Diabetic Neuropathic Patients with and without a History of Plantar Ulceration

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel C. N. Sacco ◽  
Tatiana Almeida Bacarin ◽  
Maíra Grizzo Canettieri ◽  
Ewald M. Hennig
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Plantar Ulcers ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetic neuropathy leads to progressive loss of sensation, lower-limb distal muscle atrophy, autonomic impairment, and gait alterations that overload feet. This overload has been associated with plantar ulcers even with consistent daily use of shoes. We sought to investigate and compare the influence of diabetic neuropathy and plantar ulcers in the clinical history of diabetic neuropathic patients on plantar sensitivity, symptoms, and plantar pressure distribution during gait while patients wore their everyday shoes. Methods: Patients were categorized into three groups: a control group (CG; n = 15), diabetic patients with a history of neuropathic ulceration (DUG; n = 8), and diabetic patients without a history of ulceration (DG; n = 10). Plantar pressure variables were measured by Pedar System shoe insoles in five plantar regions during gait while patients wore their own shoes. Results: No statistical difference between neuropathic patients with and without a history of plantar ulcers was found in relation to symptoms, tactile sensitivity, and duration of diabetes. Diabetic patients without ulceration presented the lowest pressure–time integral under the heel (72.1 ± 16.1 kPa × sec; P = .0456). Diabetic patients with a history of ulceration presented a higher pressure–time integral at the midfoot compared to patients in the control group (59.6 ± 23.6 kPa × sec × 45.8 ± 10.4 kPa × sec; P = .099), and at the lateral forefoot compared to diabetic patients without ulceration (70.9 ± 17.7 kPa sec × 113.2 ± 61.1 kPa × sec, P = .0193). Diabetic patients with ulceration also presented the lowest weight load under the hallux (0.06 ± 0.02%, P = .0042). Conclusions: Although presenting a larger midfoot area, diabetic neuropathic patients presented greater pressure–time integrals and relative loads over this region. Diabetic patients with ulceration presented an altered dynamic plantar pressure pattern characterized by overload even when wearing daily shoes. Overload associated with a clinical history of plantar ulcers indicates future appearance of plantar ulcers. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(4): 285–294, 2009)

A Comparison of the Dynamic Pedobarograph and EMED Systems for Measuring Dynamic Foot Pressures

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Quaney ◽  
Katja Meyer ◽  
Mark W. Cornwall ◽  
Thomas G. McPoil
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Assessment Systems ◽  
Peak Pressures

The purpose of this study was to compare the peak pressure and peak force values obtained from two pressure assessment systems, the Dynamic Pedobarograph and the EMED SF. Twenty-one individuals with a mean age of 31.6 years walked barefoot over both systems using a two-step data collection protocol. Peak plantar pressures and peak vertical force values were measured under the heel, central forefoot, hallux, and entire foot for both systems. The results of this study demonstrated that the EMED SF system produced larger peak pressures under the central forefoot and hallux. The Pedobarograph, on the other hand, produced greater pressures under the heel and entire foot. With respect to peak vertical forces, the Pedobarograph showed significantly greater values under the heel and central forefoot compared with the EMED SF, but were significantly lower under the hallux and entire foot.

Use of Ground Reaction Force Parameters in Predicting Peak Tibial Accelerations in Running

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewald M. Hennig ◽  
Thomas L. Milani ◽  
Mario A. Lafortune
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Initial Force ◽  
Force Data

Ground reaction force data and tibial accelerations from a skin-mounted transducer were collected during rearfoot running at 3.3 m/s across a force platform. Five repetitive trials from 27 subjects in each of 19 different footwear conditions were evaluated. Ground reaction force as well as tibial acceleration parameters were found to be useful for the evaluation of the cushioning properties of different athletic footwear. The good prediction of tibial accelerations by the maximum vertical force rate toward the initial force peak (r2 = .95) suggests that the use of a force platform is sufficient for the estimation of shock-absorbing properties of sport shoes. If an even higher prediction accuracy is required a regression equation with two variables (maximum force rate, median power frequency) may be used (r2 = .97). To evaluate the influence of footwear on the shock traveling through the body, a good prediction of peak tibial accelerations can be achieved from force platform measurements.

scholarly journals Comparison of Plantar Pressure Between Patients With Severe Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability and Healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Yuichi Hoshino ◽  
Noriyuki Kanzaki ◽  
Kiminari Kataoka ◽  
Koji Nukuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability ◽  
Lateral Ankle Instability

Abstract Background: The biomechanical pathophysiology of chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) is not fully understood. Planter pressure is susceptible to subtle changes in foot and ankle movement and could be used to detect CLAI. Therefore, this study aimed to compare plantar pressure between patients with CLAI and healthy subjects.Methods: Eighteen patients with CLAI who were scheduled for anterolateral ligament repair (9 women and 9 men) and 100 healthy subjects (50 women and 50 men) were included. Using an in-shoe pressure sensor system with ten plantar pressure sensors, the plantar pressure was recorded at a sampling rate of 200 Hz while walking. Analyses were adjusted for body mass index and gait speed.Results: Patients with CLAI had a significantly lower peak pressure on the hallux and toes than did healthy subjects. However, patients with CLAI had a significantly higher peak pressure on the medial aspect of the foot than did healthy subjects. Conclusions: The planter pressure distribution significantly differed between patients with CLAI and healthy subjects. The difference could have been due to a compensatory mechanism to prevent ankle instability. These findings could be used to elucidate the biomechanical pathophysiology of CLAI.

Troughing after Scarf Osteotomy Leads to Minimal Gait Alterations

2014 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Horia Hărăgus ◽  
Radu Prejbeanu ◽  
Dinu Vermesan ◽  
Ciprian Bogdan ◽  
Mirela Toth-Taşcău
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Scarf Osteotomy ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Plantar Force ◽  
Force Data ◽  
Pressure Analysis

We aimed to investigate whether troughing during scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus can be determined using plantar pressure analysis. In order to quantify the foot print area of a patient at 7 and 12 weeks after the surgery, the raw pressure data were exported to two matrixes. Each matrix has the size of the force distribution platform and contains the plantar force data of the patient in gait movement. These large matrixes containing both left and right pressure data were divided in small size matrixes and averaged. The computation was done in Matlab. The matrixes were flipped up in order to have the natural position of the footprint. The two were plotted as contours in Z axis but kept the external contours only. This difference was measured by subtracting the areas of the two contours. The results are typical footprints for left and right legs, at predetermined follow-up points.

Increased In-Shoe Lateral Plantar Pressures with Chronic Ankle Instability

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Schmidt ◽  
Lindsay D. Sauer ◽  
Sae Yong Lee ◽  
Susan Saliba ◽  
Jay Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Force Time

Background: Previous plantar pressure research found increased loads and slower loading response on the lateral aspect of the foot during gait with chronic ankle instability compared to healthy controls. The studies had subjects walking barefoot over a pressure mat and results have not been confirmed with an in-shoe plantar pressure system. Our purpose was to report in-shoe plantar pressure measures for chronic ankle instability subjects compared to healthy controls. Methods: Forty-nine subjects volunteered (25 healthy controls, 24 chronic ankle instability) for this case-control study. Subjects jogged continuously on a treadmill at 2.68 m/s (6.0 mph) while three trials of ten consecutive steps were recorded. Peak pressure, time-to-peak pressure, pressure-time integral, maximum force, time-to-maximum force, and force-time integral were assessed in nine regions of the foot with the Pedar-x in-shoe plantar pressure system (Novel, Munich, Germany). Results: Chronic ankle instability subjects demonstrated a slower loading response in the lateral rearfoot indicated by a longer time-to-peak pressure (16.5% ± 10.1, p = 0.001) and time-to-maximum force (16.8% ± 11.3, p = 0.001) compared to controls (6.5% ± 3.7 and 6.6% ± 5.5, respectively). In the lateral midfoot, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly greater maximum force (318.8 N ± 174.5, p = 0.008) and peak pressure (211.4 kPa ± 57.7, p = 0.008) compared to controls (191.6 N ± 74.5 and 161.3 kPa ± 54.7). Additionally, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly higher force-time integral (44.1 N/s ± 27.3, p = 0.005) and pressure-time integral (35.0 kPa/s ± 12.0, p = 0.005) compared to controls (23.3 N/s ± 10.9 and 24.5 kPa/s ± 9.5). In the lateral forefoot, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly greater maximum force (239.9N ± 81.2, p = 0.004), force-time integral (37.0 N/s ± 14.9, p = 0.003), and time-to-peak pressure (51.1% ± 10.9, p = 0.007) compared to controls (170.6 N ± 49.3, 24.3 N/s ± 7.2 and 43.8% ± 4.3). Conclusion: Using an in-shoe plantar pressure system, chronic ankle instability subjects had greater plantar pressures and forces in the lateral foot compared to controls during jogging. Clinical Relevance: These findings may have implications in the etiology and treatment of chronic ankle instability. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective Case Control Study

Dynamic plantar pressure analysis. Comparing common insole materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Sanfilippo ◽  
RM Stess ◽  
KM Moss
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Peak Plantar Pressure ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
Force Time Integral

A comparison of five commonly used insole materials (Spenco, PPT, Plastazote, Nickelplast, and Pelite) was made to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing plantar vertical pressures on human subjects during walking. With the use of the EMED-SF pedograph force plate system, dynamic measures of vertical force, force-time integral, peak plantar pressure, pressure-time integral, and area of foot-to-ground contact were compared with the force plate covered with each of the insole materials and without any interface material.

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