“Industrial Legislatures”: Consensus Standardization in the Second and Third Industrial Revolutions

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-674
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cellular Telephone ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Digital Cellular ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

My dissertation is a study of standardization in four communications networks: AT&T's monopoly telephone network, the Internet, digital cellular telephone networks, and the World Wide Web. A history of these networks that highlights standardization shows how engineers in industry committees replaced managers in monopoly hierarchies as the stewards of standards for communication networks. By the end of the twentieth century, the new networks—and the new institutions devised to sustain the standardization process—formed the technological and ideological infrastructure of the Third Industrial Revolution.

The Exponential Nature of Technology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlindo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Nature Of Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

This chapter provides a brief review of the history of technology, covering pre-historical technologies, the agricultural revolution, the first two industrial revolutions, and the third industrial revolution, based on information technology. Evidence is provided that technological development tends to follow an exponential curve, leading to technologies that typically were unpredictable just a few years before. An analysis of a number of exponential trends and behaviors is provided, in order to acquaint the reader with the sometimes surprising properties of exponential growth. In general, exponential functions tend to grow slower than expected in the short term, and faster than expected in the long term. It is this property that make technology evolution very hard to predict.

scholarly journals Contributions of muslim scientists to the 4th industrial revolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendro Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Golden Age ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The preprint is a presentation about the contributions of Muslim scientists to technology enabling the fourth industrial revolution. First, the presentation illustrates the industrial revolutions and their enabling technologies, and then it focuses on the industry 4.0 technologies by highlighting the history of artificial intelligence. It continues with the flashback of the contributions of scientists from the Islamic Golden Age to technologies used in industry 4.0, such as mechanics, automation, robotics, and IT. The presentation presents the works of Banu Musa, Al-Jazari, and Al-Khawarizm. Then, the presentation gives an overview of the implications of industry 4.0 on business, education, entrepreneurship, and leadership. Finally, the presentation presents the challenges and opportunity of current Muslim scientists and communities in facing the industry 4.0 era.

scholarly journals Pięć rewolucji przemysłowych – przyczyny, przebieg i skutki (ujęcie historyczno-analityczne)

Studia BAS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (63) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zamorska
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The article explores industrial revolutions in chronological order. The article begins with explaining the concept of the industrial revolution. The opening section examines the first two industrial revolutions that caused great economic and social changes. The second section focuses on the third industrial revolution, which involves information technology, the development of means of transport, telecommunications and nuclear energy. The previews of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 appearing on the horizon are also briefly examined. The final part indicates that technological innovations are the engine of changes in the economy, but also affect the form of, among others, democracy and interpersonal relationships that shape new ways of communication. Special attention is given to the biggest changes that concern labour market: new technologies create great opportunities for educated and creative employees, while excluding those who are not able to adapt to the new requirements.

scholarly journals The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities and Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Jeanne M. David ◽  
Suk Hi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Separate Event ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Automate Production ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The fourth industrial revolution, a term coined by Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, describes a world where individuals move between digital domains and offline reality with the use of connected technology to enable and manage their lives. (Miller 2015, 3) The first industrial revolution changed our lives and economy from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. Oil and electricity facilitated mass production in the second industrial revolution. In the third industrial revolution, information technology was used to automate production. Although each industrial revolution is often considered a separate event, together they can be better understood as a series of events building upon innovations of the previous revolution and leading to more advanced forms of production. This article discusses the major features of the four industrial revolutions, the opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution, and the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution.

scholarly journals Innovation, Evolution and History of Technology in Industry

Athenea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Héctor Tillerias ◽  
Juan Segura ◽  
Gabriela Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

This paper presents a description of the history of the technology used in the industries, its evolution regarding the use of energy and the processes that have innovated it within the industries. It describes the technology that highlighted industrial revolutions from the first to the present, and presents estimates of future trends. The evolution presents changes regarding energy consumption and efficiencies in the use of technologies in the industry. The innovation presents the changes or techniques implemented to obtain greater benefit from the technology and respond in a better way to the market demand. Clear trends are identified in the increased use of technology in industries with respect to their labor and energy consumption. Keywords: Technologies, industrial revolutions, innovation. References [1]G. M. GROSSMAN, «Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy,» Cambridge, 1991. [2]S. NAVA, «New Paradigm of Big Data in Industry 4.0 era,» TOG ( A Coruña), 2018. [3]L. Kim, La dinámica del aprendizaje tecnológico en la industrialización, Suam Foundation, 2000. [4]H. Pack, E.Westphal, Industrial Strategy and Technological Change, Journal of Development Economies, vol. 4, pp. 205-237, 1986. [5]A. ESCARDINO, «La innovación tecnológica en la industria cerámica de Castellón,» Boletin de sociedad Española Ceramica y vidrio, vol. 40, 2001. [6]M ASHTON, T.S. «The lnduetrtal Revolutlon, 1760-1830. Oxford University Press, 1948». La Revolución Industrial. F.C.E., México, 1950. [7]E. WRIGLEY, The Supply of Raw Materials in the Industrial Revolution, Economic History Review, 1962. [8]R. CANTOR, La tercera revolución industrial. Universitas Humanística, 2004. [Online]. Available: https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/univhumanistica/article/view/9908. [Last access: January 23, 2020]. [9]K. SCHWAB, Cuarta Revolución Industrial. Madrid: Debate, 2016. [10]C. MACHICADO, Las revoluciones industriales. INESAD: Desarrollo sobre la Mesa, 2018, [Online]. Available: [http://inesad.edu.bo/dslm/2018/08/las-revoluciones-industriales/[Last access: January 23, 2020].

scholarly journals Az ipari forradalmak és az infokommunikációs fejlődés földrajzi összefüggései a nemzetközi szakirodalom tükrében

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-105
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Industrial Revolutions ◽  
Local Levels

Several industrial revolutions have occurred historically that can be considered important milestones in the history of mankind. Each of them has brought about enormous social and economic changes and their feats of engineering have also considerably contributed to the development of telecommunications. Based on the international literature, the main aim of this study is to demonstrate the connection between industrial revolutions and the development of telecommunication in a historical context. The article also attempts to reveal some geographical aspects of this relationship, focusing on the third and fourth industrial revolutions when the development of telecommunications accelerated as well. Different research has proven that info-communication has had a great impact on economic development as well as on location choice, employment, and regional development. However, the geographical consequences of the fourth industrial revolution in particular cannot be seen clearly yet, as spatial changes require more time, but in the future they can be very significant on both global and local levels.

scholarly journals Scientific organization of innovative labour

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00037
Author(s):  
Andrey Kuznetsov ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov ◽  
Marina Perfiljeva
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Product ◽  
Scientific Organization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Incentive Program ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The industrial revolutions that have passed so far have been an alternation of “machine revolutions” and “labor organization revolutions”. The third industrial revolution, which created the modern digital communication world, became a prerequisite for the formation of a new organization of work. This new organization is, first of all, the organization of labor of workers involved in the development of a new product, or the organization of innovative labor of workers. The study of the types of innovative labor shows that at least three models need serious improvement, which the authors have assigned the following names: “design” model, “competitive” and “creative”. The scientific organization of innovative labor involves identifying for each model: necessary and sufficient working conditions, including everyday and professional comfort; determination of conditions for the formation of motivational guidelines adequate to their activities among members of collectives engaged in innovative work; developing a clear incentive program based on legal and simple principles of rewarding and punishment.

The Entrepreneurial Multiplier Effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUIS GALAMBOS ◽  
FRANCO AMATORI
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Third Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

Since the Keynesian revolution in economics, a standard part of the profession’s analytical framework, and an argument for government support for investment, has been the multiplier concept. This classical multiplier works through consumption in an equilibrium model. Our contention is that there is also an entrepreneurial multiplier that works directly through investment by incentivizing or forcing investments in innovation in a dynamic, disequilibrium model. These investments have been analyzed as “spill-overs,” or responses to “bottlenecks,” or Schumpeterian examples of emulation. We suggest that the surges of innovation in capitalism were even broader than Schumpeter did, and that they can best be explored using a multiplier paradigm. We start that exploration by briefly examining selected patterns of entrepreneurship in the first, second, and third industrial revolutions. Our emphasis is on the sequences of innovations; the manner in which they are multiplied; and their economic, cultural, and political consequences. We delve into the first Industrial Revolution in New England and in Lombardy, Italy; the second Industrial Revolution in the United States and France, and the third Industrial Revolution in America and Europe. In all three of these dramatic capitalist transitions, there is evidence of the entrepreneurial multiplier at work, broadening, deepening, and extending the impact of the major innovations.

Process Excellence and Industry 4.0

2018 ◽  
pp. 328-350
Author(s):  
Felipe Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industrial Revolutions ◽  
Current Practices

The process excellence discipline comprises several philosophies, approaches, and techniques with different headings and origins. The history of the industrial revolutions is related with the beginnings and development of these process excellence approaches. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to explore the evolution of process excellence throughout these four industrial revolutions in order to propose recommendations to successfully cope this new revolution from the process excellence perspective. The chapter reviews publications about the history of the industrial revolutions, technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, and it includes the outputs from a roundtable with Industry 4.0 experts. The chapter concludes that the concept of process and process excellence is essential to implement this new revolution and that the current practices of process excellence most be review in with the perspective of Industry 4.0.

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