scholarly journals Mapping the zoonotic niche of Ebola virus disease in Africa

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Pigott ◽  
Nick Golding ◽  
Adrian Mylne ◽  
Zhi Huang ◽  
Andrew J Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Ebola Virus Infection

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a complex zoonosis that is highly virulent in humans. The largest recorded outbreak of EVD is ongoing in West Africa, outside of its previously reported and predicted niche. We assembled location data on all recorded zoonotic transmission to humans and Ebola virus infection in bats and primates (1976–2014). Using species distribution models, these occurrence data were paired with environmental covariates to predict a zoonotic transmission niche covering 22 countries across Central and West Africa. Vegetation, elevation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and suspected reservoir bat distributions define this relationship. At-risk areas are inhabited by 22 million people; however, the rarity of human outbreaks emphasises the very low probability of transmission to humans. Increasing population sizes and international connectivity by air since the first detection of EVD in 1976 suggest that the dynamics of human-to-human secondary transmission in contemporary outbreaks will be very different to those of the past.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Ebola virus infection in Bombali District, Sierra Leone

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadege Goumkwa Mafopa ◽  
Gianluca Russo ◽  
Raoul Emeric Guetiya Wadoum ◽  
Emmanuel Iwerima ◽  
Vincent Batwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Efficient Immune Response ◽  
Ebola Virus Infection

A serosurvey of anti-Ebola Zaire virus nucleoprotein IgG prevalence was carried out among Ebola virus disease survivors and their Community Contacts in Bombali District, Sierra Leone. Our data suggest that the specie of Ebola virus (Zaire) responsible of the 2013-2016 epidemic in West Africa may cause mild or asymptomatic infection in a proportion of cases, possibly due to an efficient immune response.

scholarly journals Characterisation of the T-cell response to Ebola virus glycoprotein amongst survivors of the 2013–16 West Africa epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. W. Tipton ◽  
Y. Hall ◽  
J. A. Bore ◽  
A. White ◽  
L. S. Sibley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
T Cell Epitopes

AbstractZaireebolavirus (EBOV) is a highly pathogenic filovirus which can result in Ebola virus disease (EVD); a serious medical condition that presents as flu like symptoms but then often leads to more serious or fatal outcomes. The 2013–16 West Africa epidemic saw an unparalleled number of cases. Here we show characterisation and identification of T cell epitopes in surviving patients from Guinea to the EBOV glycoprotein. We perform interferon gamma (IFNγ) ELISpot using a glycoprotein peptide library to identify T cell epitopes and determine the CD4+ or CD8+ T cell component response. Additionally, we generate data on the T cell phenotype and measure polyfunctional cytokine secretion by these antigen specific cells. We show candidate peptides able to elicit a T cell response in EBOV survivors and provide inferred human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele restriction. This data informs on the long-term T cell response to Ebola virus disease and highlights potentially important immunodominant peptides.

scholarly journals Comparative phylogeography of African fruit bats (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) provide new insights into the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa, 2014–2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 339 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Hassanin ◽  
Nicolas Nesi ◽  
Julie Marin ◽  
Blaise Kadjo ◽  
Xavier Pourrut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Comparative Phylogeography

scholarly journals Ebola Virus Ribonucleic Acid Detection in Semen More Than Two Years After Resolution of Acute Ebola Virus Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
William A Fischer ◽  
Jerry Brown ◽  
David Alain Wohl ◽  
Amy James Loftis ◽  
Sam Tozay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Positive Specimen ◽  
Ebola Virus Infection

Abstract Among 149 men who survived Ebola virus disease (EVD) and donated semen 260–1016 days after EVD onset, Ebola virus (EBOV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) was detected in 13 (9%). Of 137 men who donated semen 2 years after EVD onset, 11 (8%) had an EBOV RNA-positive specimen. The mechanism underlying the persistence of EBOV RNA in semen is unclear, and it is unclear whether the detection of viral RNA represents the presence of infectious virus.

scholarly journals Ebola virus disease: the ‘Black Swan’ in West Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Brown ◽  
Paul Arkell ◽  
Sakib Rokadiya
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Black Swan

scholarly journals Unintended consequences of the ‘bushmeat ban’ in West Africa during the 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Bonwitt ◽  
Michael Dawson ◽  
Martin Kandeh ◽  
Rashid Ansumana ◽  
Foday Sahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease

scholarly journals Ebola virus disease control (in West Africa): an ecological, one health approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Adebajo Meseko ◽  
Adeniyi Olugbenga Egbetade ◽  
Shamsudeen Fagbo
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
One Health ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease
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