Author response: Computer-guided design of optimal microbial consortia for immune system modulation

Manipulation of the gut microbiota holds great promise for the treatment of diseases. However, a major challenge is the identification of therapeutically potent microbial consortia that colonize the host effectively while maximizing immunologic outcome. Here, we propose a novel workflow to select optimal immune-inducing consortia from microbiome compositicon and immune effectors measurements. Using published and newly generated microbial and regulatory T-cell (Treg) data from germ-free mice, we estimate the contributions of twelve Clostridia strains with known immune-modulating effect to Treg induction. Combining this with a longitudinal data-constrained ecological model, we predict the ability of every attainable and ecologically stable subconsortium in promoting Treg activation and rank them by the Treg Induction Score (TrIS). Experimental validation of selected consortia indicates a strong and statistically significant correlation between predicted TrIS and measured Treg. We argue that computational indexes, such as the TrIS, are valuable tools for the systematic selection of immune-modulating bacteriotherapeutics.

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Involvement of Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Immune System Modulation

Biologics ◽

10.3390/biologics1020006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 89-110

Author(s):

Neslihan Yeşilyurt ◽

Birsen Yılmaz ◽

Duygu Ağagündüz ◽

Raffaele Capasso

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Health Benefits ◽

The Body ◽

Future Research ◽

Immune Systems ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Immune System Modulation ◽

Molecular Patterns

Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger” (pathogen associated molecular patterns-PAMPs) and “danger” (damage-associated molecular patterns-DAMPs) molecular motifs. In this manner, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and health. Despite the use of probiotics that modulate the intestinal microbiota in providing health benefits and in the treatment of diseases, there are some possible concerns about the possibility of developing adverse effects, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Since probiotics provide health benefits with bioactive compounds, studies are carried out on the use of products containing non-living probiotic microorganisms (paraprobiotics) and/or their metabolites (postbiotics) instead of probiotic products. It is even reported that these microbial compounds have more immunomodulatory activities than living microorganisms via some possible mechanism and eliminates some disadvantages of probiotics. Considering the increasing use of functional foods in health and disease, further studies are needed with respect to the benefits and advantages of parabiotic and/or postbiotic use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as well as immune system modulation. Although probiotics have been extensive studied for a long time, it seems that postbiotics are promising tools for future research and applications according to the recent literature. This review aimed to evaluate the interaction of probiotics and postbiotics with the immune systems and also their advantages and disadvantages in the area of food-pharmaceutical industry and immune system modulation.

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Determination of HE4-mediated roles in tumor immune system modulation in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC)

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.09.042 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 139 (3) ◽

pp. 591

Author(s):

Anze Urh ◽

Nicole Romano ◽

KyuKwang Kim ◽

Jennifer Ribeiro ◽

Christina Raker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Immune System ◽

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽

Immune System Modulation

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In VitroandIn VivoAssessment of Immune System Modulation of Brain Function and Neurochemistry

The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Psychoneuroimmunology ◽

10.1002/9781118314814.ch3 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 73-87

Author(s):

Michael O. Poulter ◽

Zul Merali

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Brain Function ◽

Immune System Modulation

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived-Exosomes as Effective Factors in Reducing Cytokine Storm Symptoms of COVID-19

Protein and Peptide Letters ◽

10.2174/0929866528666210222150347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Kheirkhah ◽

Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi ◽

Malihe lotfi ◽

Marzieh lotfi ◽

Sanaz Raeisi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Immune System ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Infection Transmission ◽

Effective Factors ◽

Different Types ◽

Immune System Modulation

: Given that conventional therapies are ineffective for COVID-19, obtained exosomes from stem cells have been proposed as a sustainable and effective treatment. Exosomes are subsets with lengths between 30 and 100 nanometers, and they can be secreted by different cells. Exosomes are containing different types of miRNAs, mRNAs, and different proteins. The role of immune system modulation of exosomes of mesenchymal stem cells has been studied and confirmed in more than one study. Exosome miRNAs detect and reduce cytokines that cause cytokine storms such as IL-7, IL-2, IL-6, etc. These miRNAs include miR-21, miR-24, miR-124, miR-145, etc. The risks associated with treatment with exosomes from different cells are relatively small compared to other treatments because transplanted cells do not stimulate the host immune system and also has reduced infection transmission. Due to the ineffectiveness of existing drugs in reducing inflammation and preventing cytokine storms, the use of immune-boosting systems may be suggested as another way to control cytokine storm.

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From microbiota toward gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Are we on the highway to hell?

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.1007/s11154-020-09589-y ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Vitale ◽

◽

Alessandra Dicitore ◽

Luigi Barrea ◽

Emilia Sbardella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Potential Role ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽

Complex Interplay ◽

Barrier Integrity ◽

Tumorigenesis And Progression ◽

Intestinal Pathogens ◽

Immune System Modulation

Abstract Gut microbiota is represented by different microorganisms that colonize the intestinal tract, mostly the large intestine, such as bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses. The gut microbial balance has a key role in several functions. It modulates the host’s metabolism, maintains the gut barrier integrity, participates in the xenobiotics and drug metabolism, and acts as protection against gastro-intestinal pathogens through the host’s immune system modulation. The impaired gut microbiota, called dysbiosis, may be the result of an imbalance in this equilibrium and is linked with different diseases, including cancer. While most of the studies have focused on the association between microbiota and gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, very little is known about gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). In this review, we provide an overview concerning the complex interplay between gut microbiota and GEP NENs, focusing on the potential role in tumorigenesis and progression in these tumors.

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