scholarly journals Interhemispherically dynamic representation of an eye movement-related activity in mouse frontal cortex

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi R Sato ◽  
Takahide Itokazu ◽  
Hironobu Osaki ◽  
Makoto Ohtake ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Dynamic Representation

Cortical plasticity is fundamental to motor recovery following cortical perturbation. However, it is still unclear how this plasticity is induced at a functional circuit level. Here, we investigated motor recovery and underlying neural plasticity upon optogenetic suppression of a cortical area for eye movement. Using a visually-guided eye movement task in mice, we suppressed a portion of the secondary motor cortex (MOs) that encodes contraversive eye movement. Optogenetic unilateral suppression severely impaired contraversive movement on the first day. However, on subsequent days the suppression became inefficient and capability for the movement was restored. Longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging revealed that the regained capability was accompanied by an increased number of neurons encoding for ipsiversive movement in the unsuppressed contralateral MOs. Additional suppression of the contralateral MOs impaired the recovered movement again, indicating a compensatory mechanism. Our findings demonstrate that repeated optogenetic suppression leads to functional recovery mediated by the contralateral hemisphere.

scholarly journals Author response: Interhemispherically dynamic representation of an eye movement-related activity in mouse frontal cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi R Sato ◽  
Takahide Itokazu ◽  
Hironobu Osaki ◽  
Makoto Ohtake ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Dynamic Representation

scholarly journals Selective representations of texture and motion in mouse higher visual areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Yu ◽  
Jeffrey N. Stirman ◽  
Christopher R. Dorsett ◽  
Spencer L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Higher Visual Areas

Mice have a constellation of higher visual areas, but their functional specializations are unclear. Here, we used a data-driven approach to examine neuronal representations of complex visual stimuli across mouse higher visual areas, measured using large field-of-view two-photon calcium imaging. Using specialized stimuli, we found higher fidelity representations of texture in area LM, compared to area AL. Complementarily, we found higher fidelity representations of motion in area AL, compared to area LM. We also observed this segregation of information in response to naturalistic videos. Finally, we explored how popular models of visual cortical neurons could produce the segregated representations of texture and motion we observed. These selective representations could aid in behaviors such as visually guided navigation.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis of Stroke Patients’ Brain Rhythms during an Intervention with a Brain-Computer Interface

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben I. Carino-Escobar ◽  
Paul Carrillo-Mora ◽  
Raquel Valdés-Cristerna ◽  
Marlene A. Rodriguez-Barragan ◽  
Claudia Hernandez-Arenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Stroke Onset ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Brain Rhythms ◽  
Subacute Stroke

Stroke is a leading cause of motor disability worldwide. Upper limb rehabilitation is particularly challenging since approximately 35% of patients recover significant hand function after 6 months of the stroke’s onset. Therefore, new therapies, especially those based on brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and robotic assistive devices, are currently under research. Electroencephalography (EEG) acquired brain rhythms in alpha and beta bands, during motor tasks, such as motor imagery/intention (MI), could provide insight of motor-related neural plasticity occurring during a BCI intervention. Hence, a longitudinal analysis of subacute stroke patients’ brain rhythms during a BCI coupled to robotic device intervention was performed in this study. Data of 9 stroke patients were acquired across 12 sessions of the BCI intervention. Alpha and beta event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) trends across sessions and their association with time since stroke onset and clinical upper extremity recovery were analyzed, using correlation and linear stepwise regression, respectively. More EEG channels presented significant ERD/ERS trends across sessions related with time since stroke onset, in beta, compared to alpha. Linear models implied a moderate relationship between alpha rhythms in frontal, temporal, and parietal areas with upper limb motor recovery and suggested a strong association between beta activity in frontal, central, and parietal regions with upper limb motor recovery. Higher association of beta with both time since stroke onset and upper limb motor recovery could be explained by beta relation with closed-loop communication between the sensorimotor cortex and the paralyzed upper limb, and alpha being probably more associated with motor learning mechanisms. The association between upper limb motor recovery and beta activations reinforces the hypothesis that broader regions of the cortex activate during movement tasks as a compensatory mechanism in stroke patients with severe motor impairment. Therefore, EEG across BCI interventions could provide valuable information for prognosis and BCI cortical activity targets.

Adaptive and Maladaptive Neural Plasticity Due to Facial Nerve Palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten M. Klingner ◽  
Stefan Brodoehl ◽  
Gerd F. Volk ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
Otto W. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy

Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.

scholarly journals Two-photon calcium imaging during fictive navigation in virtual environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misha B. Ahrens ◽  
Kuo Hua Huang ◽  
Sujatha Narayan ◽  
Brett D. Mensh ◽  
Florian Engert
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Functional Microarchitecture of the Mouse Dorsal Inferior Colliculus Revealed through In Vivo Two-Photon Calcium Imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (31) ◽  
pp. 10927-10939 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Barnstedt ◽  
P. Keating ◽  
Y. Weissenberger ◽  
A. J. King ◽  
J. C. Dahmen
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Two Photon

Abstract W P140: Post-stroke Oculomotor Abnormalities evident during Objective Eye Tracking but Not under Clinical Assessment

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Ross Rizzo ◽  
Todd Hudson ◽  
Briana Kowal ◽  
Michal Wiseman ◽  
Preeti Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Movement Execution ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Control Post

Introduction: Visual abnormalities and manual motor control have been studied extensively after stroke, but an understanding of oculomotor control post-stroke has not. Recent studies have revealed that in visually guided reaches arm movements are planned during eye movement execution, which may contribute to increased task complexity. In fact, in healthy controls during visually guided reaches, the onset of eye movement is delayed, its velocity reduced, and endpoint errors are larger relative to isolated eye movements. Our objective in this experiment was to examine the temporal properties of eye movement execution for stroke patients with no diagnosed visual impairment. The goal is to improve understanding of oculomotor control in stroke relative to normal function, and ultimately further understand its coordination with manual motor control during joint eye and hand movements. We hypothesized that stroke patients would show abnormal initiation or onset latency for saccades made in an eye movement task, as compared to healthy controls. Methods: We measured the kinematics of eye movements during point-to-point saccades; there was an initial static, fixation point and the stimulus was a flashed target on a computer monitor. We used a video-based eye tracker for objective recording of the eye at a sampling frequency of 2000 Hz (SR Research, Eyelink). 10 stroke subjects, over 4 months from injury and with no diagnosed visual impairment, and 10 healthy controls completed 432 saccades in a serial fashion. Results: Stroke patients had significantly faster onset latencies as compared to healthy controls during saccades (99.5ms vs. 245.2ms, p=0.00058). Conclusion: A better understanding of the variations in oculomotor control post-stroke, which may go unnoticed during clinical assessment, may improve understanding of how eye control synchronizes with arm or manual motor control. This knowledge could assist in tailoring rehabilitative strategies to amplify motor recovery. For next steps, we will perform objective eye and hand recordings during visually guided reaches post-stroke to better understand the harmonization or lack thereof after neurologic insult.

scholarly journals Development of salience-driven and visually-guided eye movement responses

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlou J. G. Kooiker ◽  
Johannes van der Steen ◽  
Johan J. M. Pel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visually Guided
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document